离子色谱法检测污水中总氮含量的研究

建立离子色谱法检测污水中总氮含量的方法。样品消解后,经高效阴离子交换柱分离,抑制型电导检测器检测。结果显示:经处理后的污水样品中硝酸根的回收率为95.76%~104.74%,样品5次测定结果相对偏差为0.45%~1.25%。认为此方法能够消除污水中干扰硝酸根测定的杂质及干扰物质对总氮含量测定结果的影响,减小由于过硫酸钾的纯度问题对检测结果造成的干扰。比较污水水样处理前测定的铵态氮、硝态氮的含量与处理后的总氮含量,可以得出其结果符合理论增长趋势。     

氧化银沉淀-离子色谱法测定盐酸基质溶液中微量硝酸根

离子色谱测定盐酸基质溶液中微量硝酸根离子浓度时,高质量浓度的氯离子对硝酸根测定产生干扰。采用添加氧化银除去氯离子,并将盐酸中和至中性后,将水样加入离子色谱测定,以去除氯离子干扰。方法的相对标准偏差为0.05%～1.5%(n>3),盐酸溶液平均加标回收率为99.3%。     

利用铝对锶的干扰效应及计算原子吸收法间接测定铝

研究了用计算原子吸收法间接测定铝的方法，利用铝对锶的干扰效应，以多项式作为表达锶－铝间干扰效应的数学模型，在已知锶含量的溶液中，以锶空心阴极灯测定锶铝混合液的吸光度，并从数学模型中解出铝的浓度，从而间接测定了铝。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定卤化丁基橡胶塞中的氧化镁含量

试验研究原子吸收分光光度法测定卤化丁基橡胶塞中的氧化镁含量。采用炭化灰化的样品前处理方法,测定时乙炔流量为1.6 L.min-1,以氯化锶溶液消除干扰离子的影响。该方法测定结果准确,回收率为97.9%～106.0%,且简便、环保。     

盐水中咪唑啉缓蚀剂含量的显色法测定

本文通过分光光度法,探讨了显色剂对两种油田常用咪唑啉缓蚀剂浓度的测定,结果表明:SXC显色剂适用于低浓度咪唑啉缓蚀剂的测定,最大吸收波长为480nm,震荡时间与静置时间均为10min,1#缓蚀剂在0～120mg·L-1范围内浓度与吸光度具有线性关系,2#缓蚀剂在0～200mg·L-1范围内浓度与吸光度具有线性关系。该方法方便快捷,准确,常见离子干扰较小,可以用于油田现场污水中咪唑啉缓蚀剂浓度的测定。     

原子吸收光谱法测定纯碱水不溶物中钙镁等杂质的试验研究

本文研究了用原子吸收法测定纯碱水不溶物中的钙,镁等杂质的组成分析,重点对钙,镁分析做了研究,采用正交试验找出了仪器的最佳工作条件,并提出测定水不溶物中钙时,需加1500μg/ml的锶可消除基体的干扰;而测定水不溶物中镁时需加800μg/ml 的锶,即可消除基体的干扰,试验取得了满意的结果。其方法的回收率:钙为99.61%,镁为101.1%;相对标准偏差:钙为0.5%,镁为0.43%。     

原子吸收法测定合金钢和纯铁中钼

原子吸收法测钼有不少报道。David首先发表文章指出,铁、锰、镁、钙和锶干扰钼的原子吸收测定,而钙和锶的干扰尤为严重。他用氯化铝作干扰抑制剂。1966年 Mostyn 等人认为用2%氯化铵作释放剂效果比用氯化铝好。1975年Nall 用空气—乙炔焰测钢中钼时也是用氯化铵作释放剂。本工作采用2%氯化铵水溶液作释放剂,消除了10,000 ppm 铁及100ppm 锰、铜、钙、镁和锶的干扰,用直接火焰原子吸收法测定了六种合金钢中少量钼,获得了满意结果。     

钼蓝分光光度法测定焙烧钼精矿中的硅

采用硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸经微波消解后溶解试样。对显色pH值进行了确定,探讨确定了钼酸铵溶液加入量、草酸-硫酸混合酸加入量、抗坏血酸加入量的影响。对共存元素的干扰进行了排除,确定了于分光光度计波段为790 nm处测定显色度。将该法应用于焙烧钼精矿试样中0.15%～8.00%硅量的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差在0.62%～1.67%(n=11),加标回收率为98.0%～101.0%。     

ICP-AES法测定载金树脂物料中铝、镁、锰、锶的含量

建立载金树脂物料中的铝、镁、锰、锶4种元素的分析检测方法。采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸加热体系对试样进行溶解,并通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定铝、锰、镁、锶元素的含量。实验结果表明,20 g/t的载金树脂物料中铝、锰、镁、锶元素的质量分数分别为4 014、1 802、193.5、109.5μg/g,精密度实验的相对标准偏差为1.07%~3.29%,加标回收率为95.00%~104.40%。该方法快速、准确、稳定,适用于载金树脂物料中铝、锰、镁、锶元素的测定。     

油田污水处理中油田化学剂的应用分析

随着油田污水排放量的不断增加,污水中所含有的大量化学物质随着污水的任意排放,已经严重干扰了油田附近的环境情况,造成了极大的污染,对此,需要分析出相应的污水处理措施来降低油田污水排放对环境的伤害这一现象。     

分析纯硝酸锶生产工艺质量控制点的研究

探讨了分析纯硝酸锶的生产工艺.本工艺由原料工业碳酸锶预处理,与硝酸合成,再经除杂重结晶得成品.在总体工艺上,与前人研究有相同的方向,但本文侧重在关键质量控制点方面的研究探讨,并获得良好的效果.     

Influence of Membrane Solvent on Strontium Transport from Reprocessing Concentrate Solutions through Flat-Sheet-Supported Liquid Membranes

Abstract

The influence of membrane solvents on strontium transport from nuclear fuel reprocessing concentrate solutions to demineralized water through a flat-sheet-supported liquid membrane has been studied using dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 as the extractant and Celgard 2500 as the solid support. Even though the highest values of the distribution coefficients of strontium were obtained with nitrated compounds as membrane solvents, strontium permeabilities were determined only when a membrane solvent was used for which stable SLMs were obtained. Among the latter, the use of 4-nonylphenol as a phase modifier is not satisfactory for long-term strontium transport experiments due to its reactivity with the nitric acid of the aqueous feed solution. We achieved a good correlation between strontium permeability and two parameters of the membrane diffusion coefficient (molecular weight and viscosity of the membrane solvent) for aromatic solvents modified with isotridecanol or 1-decanol. The best results were obtained with n-hexylbenzene (0.7 mol·L^?1 isotridecanol) which should lead to a high strontium decontamination by hollow-fiber-supported liquid membranes. The transport of nitric acid and nonradioactive cations through the membrane was not greatly influenced by the membrane solvent used.     

Efficient co-extraction of strontium and cesium from nitric acid medium by mixtures of di-tert-butylcyclohexano-18-crown-6 and 1,3-di(2-propoxy)calix[4]arene-crown-6 in n-octanol

The co-extraction of strontium and cesium from nitric acid medium by di-tert-butylcyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DtBuCH18C6) and 1,3-di(2-propoxy)calix[4]arene-crown-6 (iPr-C[4]C-6) in n-octanol was studied. The effects of contact time, nitric acid concentration, extractant concentration and temperature on the co-extraction behavior were systematically investigated. Effective extraction of the two metals was achieved under a variety of conditions. The co-extraction from a simulated high-level liquid waste (HLLW) was also conducted, and strontium and cesium could be selectively extracted in the presence of a large number of other metals. Results in this work illustrate the feasibility of partitioning radioactive strontium and cesium simultaneously from HLLW by a mixture of DtBuCH18C6 and iPr-C[4]C-6 in n-octanol.     

硝酸改性凹凸棒石粘土及吸附Cu2+的工艺研究

将凹凸棒石粘土用硝酸进行改性处理,然后用于对含铜废水中铜离子的吸附,研究了硝酸浓度、改性凹凸棒石粘土用量、吸附时间、pH值等因素对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:经4mol/LHNO3改性处理后的凹凸棒石粘土吸附能力最好,凹凸棒石粘土加入量为30g/L,水样pH值为4,超声搅拌20min,废水中Cu2+的吸附率接近99%,同时吸附剂的再生实验表明,复用时吸附量下降平缓,可以重复使用。     

油田采油污水处理技术及面临的问题

对油田采油污水现有处理技术发展状况进行综述,指出了处理采油污水面临的主要问题,对该领域新技术的发展进行了分析探讨。     

油田污水处理技术

随着油田开发速度的加快,油田污水日益增加,严重污染了环境,因此,油田污水治理工作迫在眉睫。本文对油田污水水处理的方法以及目前油田污水处理存在的一些问题和矛盾进行了分析,并介绍了油田水结垢现象、控制结垢的方法以及阻垢剂的筛选。     

Removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution using hybrid membranes: Kinetics and thermodynamics

The removal of radionuclide from radioactive wastewater has captured much attention. Strontium-90 is one of the major radionuclides. To develop a new type of adsorbents to remove strontium ions from the radioactive wastewater, in this study, novel hybrid membranes were prepared and characterized. The adsorption kinetics, thermodynamic parameters of ΔG, ΔH and ΔS, as well as surface SEM and EDS images were used to investigate the removal of strontium ions from stimulated radioactive wastewater using the previously prepared hybrid membranes as efficient adsorbents. The study of kinetic model confirmed that the adsorption of strontium ions on these hybrid membranes followed the Lagergren pseudo-second order model. Moreover, it was proved that the adsorption of strontium ions on these samples was solely controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The negative values of ΔG and the positive values of ΔH indicated that the adsorption of strontium ions on samples A-D is a spontaneous and endothermic process in nature. Furthermore, surface SEM and DES images give significant evidence to confirm the existence of strontiumions on the surface of the adsorbed samples. These findings demonstrate that these hybrid membranes are promising adsorbents for the removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution and can be potentially applied in the adsorptive separation of radionuclides from the radioactive wastewater.     

微絮凝-接触过滤技术在油田废水处理中的应用

为了提高油田废水的处理效率,降低滤后水中油和悬浮物的质量浓度,文中通过系统优化改造开发了微絮凝-接触过滤工艺。筛选确定无机高分子聚合氯化铁作为本工艺的絮凝剂,最佳投药量为3 mg/L,经现场试验考察了本工艺对油田废水处理效果。结果表明,微絮凝-接触过滤工艺滤后水中油和悬浮物的平均质量浓度分别为1 mg/L和3 mg/L,去除率分别为92%和90%,远优于传统的直接过滤。说明油田废水经本工艺处理可达到油田回注水标准,无需经过二级过滤处理,因此节省了油田污水深度处理站基建和运行的投资,具有显著的经济效益。     

Evaluation of Amberlite IRC‐718 Chelating Ion Exchange Resin in Loading‐Elution‐Regeneration Cycles for the Separation and Recovery of Strontium from Alkaline Radioactive Waste

The separation and recovery of radiostrontium from simulated alkaline reprocessing waste solution has been studied using Amberlite IRC‐718, a chelating resin containing iminodiacetic acid groups. The breakthrough behavior of strontium has been determined by conducting an extended column run. The column loading performance has been correlated with batch equilibration results. Efficient elution of loaded strontium has been achieved using dilute nitric acid. Satisfactory column performance has been demonstrated in repeated loading‐elution‐regeneration cycles. Finally, the characteristics of used resin have been determined to ascertain its efficacy for further use.     

印刷线路板退焊锡废水再生利用研究

以铁粉还原调节溶液氧化还原性,再用硫基沉淀剂（P）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）使金属离子（Cu,Fe,Pb,Sn)絮凝沉淀,过滤工后母液补加硝酸,可使印刷线路析退铅锡废水实现再生利用,适宜的沉淀条件为,按每升废液加入30g还原铁粉,按理论量加入P,同时加入2－3mL1%PAM(M=600000),沉淀过滤后母液的铁深度和游离酸度可分别恢复到17.0g/L和181.3g/L,经补加硝酸后其退锡速度和退锡容量等性能与原退锡液无异。