混凝和化学沉淀法联合处理垃圾渗滤液

目的通过用混凝和化学沉淀法联合对垃圾渗滤液进行的预处理来确定出最佳工艺条件.方法通过投加混凝剂和絮凝剂对垃圾渗滤液进行混凝沉淀实验,将处理后的渗滤液再投加沉淀剂,分别以CODCr和氨氮为考察指标,根据单因素和正交实验确定实验条件.结果实验表明,混凝和化学沉淀法联合处理对垃圾渗滤液的CODCr和氨氮具有良好的去除效果,实验条件为：混凝剂（PAC）的投量为1 000 mg/L,絮凝剂（PAM）的投量为3.5 mg/L,在pH值为5.5左右进行混凝,然后对经过沉淀的上清液调节其pH值为8.5,按Mg2＋、NH4＋和PO43＋物质的量之比为1：1：1投加沉淀剂,静置沉淀.结论对垃圾渗滤液的CODCr和氨氮的去除率分别达到52.5%和81%以上.经处理后的废水BOD5/COD值为0.63,氨氮含量为76 mg/L,降低后续生物处理负荷.     

空化水射流处理垃圾渗滤液实验研究

以重庆某垃圾填埋场的渗滤液为研究对象,采用空化水射流空化降解垃圾渗滤液中复杂有机物,通过实验研究了泵压、围压、pH值和空化时间对空化处理垃圾渗滤液的影响规律,得出了空化水射流能降解有机物,从而显著提高渗滤液的可生化性的结论,同时确定了最佳空化条件是围压0.6 MPa,pH值9.0,空化处理时间90 min,泵压10 MPa。在最佳条件下空化处理垃圾渗滤液,COD和BOD5分别上升了124.8%和293.3%,BOD5/COD也提高了52.44%,色度降低,SS提高了191.5%,为后续处理创造有利条件。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质演变特性分析

由于垃圾渗滤液水质的不稳定性,给垃圾渗滤液处理厂的设计造成了很大影响.对垃圾渗滤液多年的水质检测数据进行了分析,得出垃圾渗滤液水质的演变特征.研究结果表明：随着垃圾填埋时间的延长,垃圾渗滤液中的CODcr、BOD5与BOD5/CODcr值都有下降的趋势,而氨氮值却有上升的趋势;CODcr与BOD5的逐年平均变化量曲线相似;BOD5/CODcr值与氨氮的逐年平均变化曲线走势相反.     

高压脉冲放电等离子体处理垃圾渗滤液

介绍了用高压脉冲放电等离子体处理垃圾渗滤液的小试试验.试验表明,经过氨吹脱后,放电处理一次,COD升高20%,BOD5升高59.7%,在一定程度上提高了渗滤液的可生化性;同时,氨氮去除率达到76.6%.     

酵母废水定量表征与生物难降解相关性分析

为了分析酵母废水的常规特性以及找出生物处理酵母废水难以达标的原因,应用常规分析方法对15批次酵母废水的pH值、COD、BOD5、TN(总氮)、TP(总磷)等常规指标进行了定量表征,得到酵母废水pH值为5.26～6.53,BOD5:TN:TP为(40.3～75.6):(5.2～8.8):1,TOC:TN:TP为(31.7～66.1):(5.2～8.8):1,BOD5/COD比值在0.22～0.35,CODd(可溶性COD)占TCOD(总COD)的80%～92%,在此基础上剖析了酵母废水的生物难降解特性,得出酵母废水pH值、BOD5/COD比值不高以及碳、氮含量比值不协调等可能是导致生化处理效率不高的原因之一.     

高压脉冲放电等离子体处理垃圾渗滤液

介绍了用高压脉冲放电等离子体处理垃圾渗滤液的小试试验.试验表明,经过氨吹脱后,放电处理一次,COD升高20%,BOD5升高59.7%,在一定程度上提高了渗滤液的可生化性;同时,氨氮去除率达到76.6%.     

UASB＋A/O组合工艺处理养殖废水应用实例

采用UASB＋A/O组合工艺处理养殖废水。在进水COD为6120 mg/L、BOD5为3850 mg/L、NH3-N为450 mg/L、SS为8300 mg/L时,出水COD为82 mg/L、BOD5为17 mg/L、SS为41 mg/L、氨氮为13 mg/L,去除率分别达到98.7%、99.56%、97.11%和99.51%,出水达到《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》GB （8978-96）一级排放标准。     

"A/O/MBR+RO"工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的中试研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂的高浓度有机废水,若不加处理而直接排入环境,会造成严重的环境污染,研发高效可行的渗滤液处理工艺具有重要意义.通过建立"缺氧(A)/好氧(O)/膜生物反应器(MBR)+反渗透(RO)"中试设备,现场处理实际垃圾渗滤液,探讨进水浓度和温度条件对垃圾渗滤液中污染物去除影响,考察"A/O/MBR+RO"工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的工艺可行性.结果表明:该工艺在冬季时(5～15°C)对COD、NH_3-N、TN去除率仍可达60%、63%和47%左右.冬季低温时,MBR出水中含有一定的NO_2-N,而此时COD满足不了完全反硝化需求,初步说明可能存在一定的短程硝化反硝化.对MBR出水进行RO深度处理后,出水中NH_3-N、COD和TN等水质指标均达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)要求.     

酵母废水定量表征与生物难降解相关性分析

为了分析酵母废水的常规特性以及找出生物处理酵母废水难以达标的原因,应用常规分析方法对15批次酵母废水的pH值、COD、BOD5、TN（总氮）、TP（总磷）等常规指标进行了定量表征,得到酵母废水pH值为5．26～6．53,BOD5：TN：TP为（40．3～75．6）：（5．2～8．8）：1,TOC：TN：TP为（31．7～66．1）：（5．2～8．8）：1,BOD2／COD比值在0．22～0.35,CODd（可溶性COD）占Tc0D（总COD）的80％～92％,在此基础上剖析了酵母废水的生物难降解特性,得出酵母废水pH值、BOD2／COD比值不高以及碳、氮含量比值不协调等可能是导致生化处理效率不高的原因之一．     

SBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

采用SBR工艺处理城市垃圾填埋场排除的渗滤液,在原水水质波动较大的条件下,取得较好的处理效果,COD,BOD,NH3-N,TN的去除率平均为86.1%,97.4%,94.5%和81.3%.在SBR时间效率试验中发现SBR在反应3～4 h内,微生物降解速度较快,这段时间COD,BOD5,NH3-N的去除率占总去除率的90%以上,TN去除率占总去除率的75%左右.另进行SBR的串联处理试验,也取得较好的处理效果.     

浅析英语语音教学中的/n//l/发音错误

在大学英语教学过程中,有关/n/与/l/的发音错误很常见,原因是没有完全掌握它们的发音规则。/n//l/发音规则的相似性造成了/n//l/不分的情况,而且局部方言中这两个音也不作区分,使得/n//l/混淆的情况更加严重。在教学过程中,可以通过重点讲解区分/n/与/l/的发音规则及其区别来避免/n//l/发音错误。本文同时也分析了含糊/l/音的发音错误,通过对/n/与/l/相关的发音错误分析找出大学英语语音教学行之有效的途径:在完全把握单音的发音规则的基础上,进一步强调语调的掌握,使学生拥有良好的语音。     

肼类燃料液滴的亚临界——超临界蒸发/分解燃烧理论

对肼、一甲基肼、偏二甲肼的亚临界－－超临界蒸发／分解燃烧进行了研究,计算了肼类燃料滴在不同压力下液滴温度和蒸发速度的变化历程,计算了蒸发常数、传热数和传质数,其结果和实验数据是吻合的。本文不但考虑了肼类燃料滴的亚临界蒸发／分解燃烧,还考虑到了其超临界蒸发／分解燃烧,并对达到超临界工况时的界限参数进行了计算。     

Modification of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material by CeO2-coating

LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was coated by a layer of 1.0 wt% CeO₂ via sol-gel method. The bared and coated LiMn_1/3Co_1/3Ni_1/3O₂ was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammogram (CV) and galvanotactic charge-discharge test. The results show that the coating layer has no effect on the crystal structure, only coating on the surface; the 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ exhibits better discharge capacity and cycling performance than the bared LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂. The discharge capacity of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated cathode is 182.5 mAh·g⁻¹ at a current density of 20 mA·g⁻¹, in contrast to 165.8 mAh·g⁻¹of the bared sample. The discharge capacity retention of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated sample after 12 cycles reaches 93.2%, in comparison with 86.6% of the bared sample. CV results show that the CeO₂ coating could suppress phase transitions and prevent the surface of cathode material from direct contact with the electrolyte, thus enhance the electrochemical performance of the coated material.     

Transport Properties of Polycrystalline La2/3Ca1/3Mn1-xCuxO3

The infuence of Cu dopant (x) and sintering temperature(Ts) on the troansport propeties of La2/3Ca1/3Mn1-xCuxO3 series samples prepared by Sol-Gel technique was investigated.X-ray diffraction patterns show that all the samples with different Cu dopant and sintering temperatures (Ts) are of single phase without obvious latice distortion.Experimental results indicate that the insulator-metal transition temperature is diectly related to the sintering temperature and Cu dopant x.It is interesting to observe that a proper amount of Cu dompant can substantially improve magnetoresistance effects.     

RDSS/Doppler/GPS/SINS组合导航系统研究

针对双星定位系统(RDSS)存在的定位位置滞后的先天缺陷,根据组合导航定位系统输出速度误差小的特点,给出了一套消除RDSS位置滞后的方案,并对RDSS／SINS组合系统进行了建模,依据联邦滤波器理论,考虑到GPS的实际情况,提出了RDSS／Doppler／GPS／SINS多传感器组合导航系统的设想,仿真结果表明,该组合导航系统具有准确度高、自主性强的特点。     

亚锰酸盐La0.7-xYxCa0.3MnO3的电磁特性和磁电阻效应

研究了用固相反应法制备亚锰酸盐多晶样品La0.7-xYxCa0.3MnO3,并研究了Y的不同掺杂(x=0.1,0.2)对样品的晶体结构、电磁特性和磁电阻效应的影响.实验结果表明,随着温度的降低,x=0.1样品的R-T曲线没有出现峰值,而x=0.2样品出现了峰值,显示了复杂的输运特性.两种样品的磁电阻Rm都随着温度的降低而升高,但都没有出现峰值.x=0.2的样品在较宽的温区内,磁电阻效应都很显著,而且Y掺杂由x=0.1提高至x=0.2,磁电阻效应增强.     

Low temperature properties of organic-inorganic Ag/ p -CuPc/ n -GaAs/Ag photoelectric sensor

A thin organic film of p-type semiconducting copper phthalocynanine (CuPc) was deposited by vacuum evaporation on an n-type GaAs single-crystal semiconductor substrate. The fabricated Ag/p-CuPc/n-GaAs/Ag sensor was carried through an ageing process to stabilize the parameters. Voltage-current characteristics and photoelectrical response of the sensor were investigated at a wide temperature range of 82 to 350 K. Photoelectric characteristics were measured under nonmodulated filament-lamp illumination. It was observed that such sensor parameters as rectification ratio, threshold voltage, junction, shunt and series resistances, open-circuit voltage and short circuit current are temperature-dependent. It was found that wide-range voltage-current characteristics of the sensor may be described similarly to that of a Schottky barrier diode. Using the experimental data on voltage-current characteristics and absorbance of the CuPc films, the energy-band diagram of the p-CuPc/n-GaAs heterojunction was developed. It was shown that data obtained from simulation of an equivalent circuit of photoelectric sensor agreed with experimental results. Supported by the National Engineering and Scientific Commission of Pakistan     

Reliability of Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si ferroelectric diode

A ferroelectric memory diode that consisted of Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si multilayer configuration was fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The reliability issues (I-V characteristics, capacitance retention, fatigue and imprint) were investigated. The I-V curve showed the conventional Schottky diode characteristics with a small current density of - 5.3×10 -10 A/cm2 at a voltage of - 4 V and 6.7×10-8 A/cm2 at a voltage of + 4V, and this characteristic can be maintained below 50℃. The capacitance variety of the ferroelectric diode was only 5 % in 10 hours after withdrawing the applied bias of + 5 V or - 5 V, indicating the diode had good capacitance retention. By applying 100 kHz bipolar pulses of 5 V amplitude, the decay in remanent polarization was only 10% after 109 switching cycles, and meanwhile the increase in coercive field was 12%. After being irradiated for 20 min with a 200 W ultraviolet ray lamp, the remanent polarization and coercive field had both varied, and a voltage shift was obse     

用Cr/Au/Ni/Au制备n-GaN欧姆接触

为了获得n-GaN的低接触电阻的欧姆接触,采用Cr/Au/Ni/Au金属化系统与n—GaN形成欧姆接触,并对其不同温度下的接触电阻率进行了测试分析.室温下Cr/Au/Ni/Au的接触电阻率为0.32mΩ·m2。随着温度的升高,接触电阻率略有增加,在300℃时接触电阻率为0.65mΩ·cm2,因此此欧姆接触适合在高温下使用.     

铬/氢/空气/氯体系的焚烧动力学分析

对含铬固体废物焚烧体系进行动力学分析是提出控制六价铬化合物排放措施的基础。本文对铬/氢/空气/氯焚烧体系进行了动力学分析,研究了温度、初始氯含量对产物中六价铬化合物含量的影响。研究表明,六价铬化合物主要以CrO2(OH)2的形式出现,最高含量出现在1700K左右;氯的存在没有导致六价铬化合物CrO2Cl2的大量生成;六价铬化合物CrO2(OH)2的含量随初始氯含量的增大略有下降。建议含铬固体废物实际焚烧过程中,避开1700K左右的温度区域,减少六价铬化合物的排放。