Durable and Recyclable Superhydrophobic Fabric and Mesh for Oil–Water Separation

The authors report durable and recyclable nanocomposite superhydrophobic coatings on two different substrates of fabric and mesh as prepared by titania nanoparticles and polydimethysiloxane (PDMS). The felted wool fabric and the steel mesh are initially coated with a thin layer of PDMS, which is followed by the deposition of nanocomposite coating of titania nanoparticles embedded in PDMS. The dual surface modification of two kinds of substrates generates highly hydrophobic surface character, which is retained after durability performance as measured in ultrasonication, sand, and emery paper abrasion tests. Oil–water separation experiments are performed using water mixtures with four oils, that is, n‐hexane, toluene, kerosene, and diesel to ensure the industrial applications of prepared composite materials. Moreover, nanocomposite coatings are tested for several cycles of oil–water separation in harsh conditions such as hot water, sodium chloride, and hydrochloric acid. The adopted approach improves the separation performance by inducing durability of the prepared nanocomposite coatings along with introducing recyclable character.     

Signal Output of Triboelectric Nanogenerator at Oil–Water–Solid Multiphase Interfaces and its Application for Dual‐Signal Chemical Sensing

A liquid–solid contact triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film, a copper electrode, and a glass substrate for harvesting energy in oil/water multiphases is reported. There are two distinctive signals being generated, one is from the contact electrification and electrostatic induction between the liquid (water/oil) and the PTFE film (V_TENG and I_TENG); and the other is from the electrostatic induction in the copper electrode by the oil/water interfacial charges (ΔV_interface and I_interface), which is generated only when the liquid–solid contact TENG is inserted across the oil/water interface. The two signals show interesting opposite changing trends that the V_TENG and I_TENG decrease while the oil/water interfacial signals of ΔV_interface and I_interface increase after coating a layer of polydopamine on the surfaces of PTFE and glass via self‐polymerization. As an application of the observed phenomena, both the values of I_TENG and I_interface have a good linear relationship versus the natural logarithm of the concentration of the dopamine. Based on this, the first self‐powered dual‐signal detection of dopamine using TENG is demonstrated.     

油品含水率智能化检测系统设计

针对当前成品油含水率实时检测的实际需求,提出一种基于密度检测原理的非接触式成品油含水率及油位智能化检测系统的设计方案,应用超声波及差压传感器对成品油库内的油品含水率进行实时非接触式的全自动检测。该系统基于可编程片上系统进行设计,用于实现油位、油压和现场温度的测量以及实现测量结果的显示、人机交互等功能。     

坦克运动参数自动检测装置设计

针对坦克射击训练缺乏有效的运动参数检测手段、训练成绩评定主观随意性大等问题,设计了坦克运动参数自动检测装置。该装置采用传感器及计算机技术,实时监测坦克在射击过程中的运动参数。该装置采用一套柔性支架可在多种型号的坦克上安装,在野外行车环境下可靠性高,能够不受强光照射、坦克行驶的扬尘、坦克电源电压波动大等恶劣因素的影响。     

OADM设备分布式网络管理接口的设计和实现

介绍了基于OADM网元管理系统的CORBA分布式网络管理接口的设计,并给出推模式下传递结构化事件的具体实现过程.在遵循TMF814接口集的网络管理系统中,该网元管理系统及其网络管理接口能够实现设备的本地管理和分布式网络管理,有助于多种设备共存的光通信网络实现统一管理.     

Dual‐Layer Superamphiphobic/Superhydrophobic‐Oleophilic Nanofibrous Membranes with Unidirectional Oil‐Transport Ability and Strengthened Oil–Water Separation Performance

Thin porous membranes with unidirectional oil‐transport capacity offer great opportunities for intelligent manipulation of oil fluids and development of advanced membrane technologies. However, directional oil‐transport membranes and their unique membrane properties have seldom been reported in research literature. Here, it is proven that a dual‐layer nanofibrous membrane comprising a layer of superamphiphobic nanofibers and a layer of superhydrophobic oleophilic nanofibers has an unexpected directional oil‐transport ability, but is highly superhydrophobic to liquid water. This novel fibrous membrane is prepared by a layered electrospinning technique using poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP), PVDP‐HFP containing well‐dispersed FD‐POSS (fluorinated decyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes), and FAS (fluorinated alkyl silane) as materials. The directional oil‐transport is selective only to oil fluids with a surface tension in the range of 23.8–34.0 mN m^–1. By using a mixture of diesel and water, it is further proven that this dual‐layer nanofibrous membrane has a higher diesel–water separation ability than the single‐layer nanofiber membranes. This novel nanofibrous membrane and the incredible oil‐transport ability may lead to the development of intelligent membrane materials and advanced oil–water separation technologies for diverse applications in daily life and industry.     

Energy‐Efficient Oil–Water Separation of Biomimetic Copper Membrane with Multiscale Hierarchical Dendritic Structures

Membrane‐based materials with special surface wettability have been applied widely for the treatment of increasing industrial oily waste water, as well as frequent oil spill accidents. However, traditional technologies are energy‐intensive and limited, either by fouling or by the inability of a single membrane to separate all types of oil–water mixtures. Herein, a biomimetic monolayer copper membrane (BMCM), composed of multiscale hierarchical dendritic structures, is cleverly designed and successfully fabricated on steel mesh substrate. It not only possesses the ability of energy‐efficient oil–water separation but also excellent self‐recovery anti‐oil‐fouling properties (<150 s). The BMCM even keeps high separation efficiency (>93%) after ten‐time cycling tests. More importantly, it retains efficient oil–water separation capacity for five different oils. In fact, these advanced features are benefited by the synergistic effect of chemical compositions and physical structures, which is inspired by the typical nonwetting strategy of butterfly wing scales. The findings in this work may inspire a facile but effective strategy for repeatable and antipollution oil–water separation, which is more suitable for various applications under practical conditions, such as wastewater treatment, fuel purification, separation of commercially relevant oily water, and so forth.     

新型轮胎包装机的设计

为提高轮胎的包装质量,设计了采用透明热塑薄膜进行轮胎包装的轮胎包装机.文中介绍了轮胎包装机的工作原理、控制过程以及各机构的主要特点.     

Interaction of Gelatin and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate at Oil and Water Interfaces

Abstract

Interaction between sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) and gelatin ivas studied in relation to emulsification behaviour and emulsion stability. We chose two different oils to study influences of oil phase characteristics, namely, tricresyl phosphate (TCP) as an oil with polar and slightly hydrophilic nature, and n-dodecane (n-C₁₂) as its apolar contrast. Our interfacial tension measurements showed that both TCP and n-C₁₂ give critical values (i.e., cac and cmc) very close to I hose of surface tension measurement. This result indicates that the complexation behaviour in bulk solution is independent of the presence or the nature of the oil phase. Absolute tension values above the cmc and slope value at the cmc in gelatin free systems, however, imply SDBS’s weaker adsorption to TCP than to n-C₁₂ Our emulsification results for the TCP system revealed the existence of an optimal point for emulsion stability in the SDBS concentration region between the cac and the cmc. Above this point, emulsion stability deteriorates remarkably. The behaviour is in line with our findings from the dynamic sorption experiments (ellipsomelry, TIRF, and SPR) reported elsewhere, which showed a rapid desorption of gelatin from the hydrophobic surfaces above the cac. The results suggest that the adsorption of gelatin/surfactant complexes at the interface is a key factor for stability of the polar oil emulsion system. Contrary to that, the n-C₁₂ system did not show any deterioration, even above the cmc, which is presumably due to a strong double layer effect from the firmly adsorbed layer of SDBS at the interface.     

瓶盖自动烫金机的结构设计与实现

目的为减轻工人劳动强度、确保操作安全、提高产品质量,设计开发一种针对瓶盖的自动烫金机。方法通过对瓶盖烫金工艺及烫金设备现状的分析和探讨,构建机器总体方案,制定工作流程,借助Solid Works和Caxa软件对机器的组成和结构进行设计和验证。结果通过改进上料机构,满足了对瓶盖上料速度和上料质量的要求;通过优化传送机构、转印烫头、运行机构等关键部件,保证了瓶盖的传送精度和瓶盖的烫金质量。结论实际使用表明,该机器设计合理、结构紧凑、效率高、操作安全、工作运行平稳可靠。     

一种新型多孔钻床设计

针对汽车半轴产品法兰盘孔加工采用普通摇臂钻床加工,存在加工耗时较长,孔的同轴度难以保证的缺点,将普通卧式车床改装设计为一种卧式多孔钻床,其包括机床、机床上的主轴、主轴箱、弹性柱销联轴器、转盘以及若干钻头,具有结构简单,改制成本低,多孔同时钻削,加工效率高等优点。