基于矩阵填充的互质阵列欠定DOA估计方法

为了解决现有基于互质阵列的DOA估计方法舍弃差联合阵列中非均匀虚拟阵元而导致最大可估计信号数损失的问题,提出了一种基于矩阵填充的DOA估计方法。首先,根据差联合阵列与波程差一一对应的特性,构造一个部分元素缺失的Toeplitz化的阵列协方差矩阵,建立了基于矩阵填充的DOA估计模型,并验证了该模型满足零空间性质;然后,根据低秩矩阵填充理论,将DOA估计问题转化为矩阵核范数最小化问题进行求解,通过不定点延续算法将该协方差矩阵中的零元素进行填充恢复为完整协方差矩阵;最后,对协方差矩阵进行奇异值分解,转化为多项式求根,得到DOA的估计。仿真实验结果验证了本文方法的有效性和优越性。实验结果表明,本文方法能够对差联合阵列中的空洞部分进行有效填充,增加了可利用的阵列自由度,提高了可估计信号数,同时能够有效避免传统稀疏重构算法中由于角度域离散化导致的基不匹配问题对估计性能的影响,提高了估计精度和分辨力。     

Optimal Design of Improved L-shaped Coprime Array Based on Difference and Sum Co-array

The concept of difference and sum co-array(DSCA) has become a new design idea for planar sparse arrays. Inspired by the shifting invariance property of DSCA, a specific configuration named here as the improved L-shaped array is proposed. Compared to other traditional 2D sparse array configurations such as 2D nested arrays and hourglass arrays, the proposed configuration has larger central consecutive ranges in its DSCA, thus increasing the DOF. At the same time, the mutual coupling effect is also reduced due to the enlarged spacing between the adjacent sensors. Simulations further demonstrate the superiority of the proposed arrays in terms of detection performance and estimation accuracy.     

互质阵列下基于重叠有效孔径的DOA估计算法

为了解决互质阵列下DOA(Direction of Arrival)估计算法因使用空间平滑预处理而带来的阵列有效孔径损失、分辨率降低等问题,提出了一种矩阵重叠预处理方法.该方法通过分割空间平滑协方差矩阵,利用其子矩阵具有相同信号子空间的特性,将子矩阵进行重叠处理,扩展协方差矩阵行数,进而增大有效孔径.仿真实验结果表明:所提方法可以提高DOA估计的分辨率,低快拍下的估计精确度也有所提高.同时,本文将U-ESPRIT(Unitary Estimation of Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Techniques)算法应用在互质阵列上,通过使用矩阵重叠预处理并结合U-ESPRIT算法,取得了较传统方法更为准确的DOA估计效果.     

一种估计信号源方向的虚拟阵列方法

对估计未知噪声背景中信号源波达方向的ＵＮ－ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法采用虚拟插值阵列技术进行扩展,选择两个虚拟阵分别与两个实阵保持相同的信号子空间旋转不变性,在采用正则相关分析估计两个实阵信号子空间及其基的基础上,采用ＶＩＡ－ＥＳＰＲＩＴ 技术实现了两个虚阵的信号子空间及其基的估计。简化了ＵＮ－ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法所需的阵列结构,减少了原算法分辨信号源所需的最少传感器数。Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ 仿真验证了该扩展算法的有效性。     

Improved steering based on the virtual extend method for the microphone array

For the broadband microphone array, how to maintain the consistency of optimal array processing in the whole frequency band is the key problem, so an efficient virtual array extending method is put forward. This method is not only suitable for the single source scenarios, but also suitable for the multi signal source scene. Therein, from the signal model and the theoretical derivation, the problem which is caused by array virtual extending is analyzed deeply, such as array error and difficulty of its realization, then a robust method based on diagonal loading is proposed, and the method of how to select the load level is also given. Finally, the processing performance of the proposed virtual array extension method is tested and verified by theoretical analysis and detailed simulation results, and the conclusion is obtained that virtual array extension can improve the adaptive beamformer performance effectively. The proposed method is not only used for the uniform linear array, but also can be applied to the adaptive array with an arbitrary configuration.     

阵元利用率最高的MIMO雷达阵列结构优化算法

提出了一种多输入多输出雷达阵列结构优化新算法．首先要求在实际物理阵元数最少的条件下能够在接收端获得尽可能多的有效虚拟阵元数,即系统总的物理阵元利用率最高; 然后约束多输入多输出雷达的虚拟阵列满足最小冗余阵的要求,从而提高系统的分辨率并克服栅瓣和高旁瓣的影响．理论分析和算法求解结果都表明,该算法优化出的多输入多输出雷达阵列是收发为同一阵列的非均匀线阵,在物理阵元总数相同的条件下,较其他阵列结构具有更好的波束性能．     

基于实值信号子空间的虚拟阵列解相干算法

针对存在相干信源时,传统的DOA估计算法失效问题,提出一种基于实值特征子空间的虚拟阵列解相干算法.该算法根据虚拟阵列变换的思想,利用阵列接收数据构造虚拟子阵,实现对信号的解相干处理,并将协方差矩阵从复数域变换为实数域,获得一个实值信号子空间,最后利用实数域ESPRIT (Unitary ESPRIT)估计信号波达方向.该方法避免了阵列孔径损失,保持了阵列的空间分辨率,估计精度高,利用个阵元可估计个信源,且引入实数域处理和无需空间谱搜索,运算量小.计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性和优越性.     

DOA Estimation Based on Subspace Compensa-tion for Unfolded Coprime Array

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for unfolded coprime array (UFCA) is discussed, and a method based on subspace compensation is proposed. Conventional DOA estimation meth-ods partition the UFCA into two subarrays for separate estimations, which are then combined for unique DOA determination. However, the DOA estimation performance loss is caused as only the partial array aperture is exploited. We use the estimations from one subarray as initial estimations, and then enhance the estimation results via a compensation based on the whole array, which is im-plemented via a simple least squares (LS) operation constructed from the initial estimation and first-order Taylor expansion. Compared to conventional methods, the DOA estimation performance is improved while the computational complexity is in the same level. Multiple simulations are con-ducted to verify the efficiency of the proposed approach.     

阵列测向系统性能分析与仿真

测向模糊和测向精度是阵列测向系统的重要性能指标,特别是在阵元间距与载波波长之比很大时,不同的阵列结构的测向模糊特性有明显的不同,通过对测向模糊的理论分析,利用MUSIC算法,在八元均匀园阵和七元均匀L阵及非均匀L阵的基础上,对测向系统进行了性能仿真。根据对这三个不同阵列的模糊性和测向精度的比较与分析,得出了具体阵列的设计方案。     

Joint Estimation of 2-D DOA and Polarization by Using the Linear Array with Diverse Polarizations

Antenna arrays with diverse polarizations havesome inherent advantages over the conventional uni-formly polarized array,for instance,higher accuracyof direction-of-arrival(DOA)esti mation,capabilityof resolving or separating signals based ontheir polar-ization characteristics as well as DOAs[1-7].Thepresence of polarization diversity,complicates themeasurement model which introduces a relativelyhigher computational requirement[8,9].Moreover,many existing algorithms proposed in the literature…     

均匀圆阵相干信源DOA估计的差分算法

提出了一种新的均匀圆阵解相干算法。在模式空间中,均匀圆阵被转换为一虚拟的均匀线阵。利用该虚拟线阵的特殊阵列模型结构可重构一差分矩阵,使其秩只与相干(或相关)信号的波达方向(DOA)有关。该算法可使得非相干信源与相关(或相干)信源分辨开,且通过利用常规超分辨方法估计不相关源和相关源的空间谱,再利用差分矩阵中包含的相干及相关源信息分辨相关及相干信源,可重复利用阵列接收数据,从而分辨更多信源。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

冲击噪声背景下的虚拟空间平滑算法

为解决在冲击噪声背景和相干信源条件下,高斯白噪声的相干信源DOA（Direction-Of-Arrival）估计算法失效的问题,提出了基于虚拟空间平滑共变系数矩阵（ROC-VSS：RObust Covariation-Based Virtual SpatialSmoothing）的DOA估计算法。该算法以虚拟空间平滑算法为基础,通过构建虚拟平滑共变系数矩阵实现相干信源条件下的DOA估计。构建的虚拟子阵阵元个数等于阵列总的阵元个数,避免了阵列孔径的损失。仿真实验表明,在冲击噪声背景和多径干扰条件下,算法能很好地估计信源的波达方向。     

基于功率控制技术的智能天线信号四阶矩空间定向法

部分可扩展线阵是智能天线中一种有效扩展孔径的线性阵列,但由于此类阵列结构的特殊性,需要对其输出采用预处理后才能应用通用的信号空间定向方法.基于移动通信系统中业已成熟应用的功率控制技术,结合阵列输出的高阶统计量,提出了一种新的预处理方法,该法简单、快捷,虽然性能稍逊一些,但仍然能有效地实现信号空间定向,具有较强的实用价值.     

利用F-K谱评价地脉动台阵布设方案

为了充分获取有价值的地脉动记录,并兼顾节省观测费用,对常用的台阵进行分析,得到一个布局合理的地脉动台阵布设方案.利用最大似然法,研究圆形、十字形、菱形形状以及测点数量不同的台阵在模拟的正弦衰减波场下所得到的频率波数谱(F-K谱),根据谱极值是否唯一及对应的波数矢量是否与入射波方向一致来评价布设的台阵是否合理,为选择合理的台阵布设方案提供依据.结果表明,菱形台阵布设方案能用较少的测点获得较精确的计算结果,是利用地脉动台阵观测估算场地剪切波速度结构的首选布设方案.     

玉米汁辨识中的传感器阵列优化

针对玉米汁饮料品质评价自动化关键技术问题,对用于玉米汁饮料分类辨识的传感器阵列进行了筛选优化。采用因子分析对各传感器响应信号之间的内在关联进行了研究,依据相关系数和旋转后的因子含义将传感器分为6类,并组合成12组不同的传感器阵列。利用概率神经网络判定界面可以任意复杂的特点,选择平滑参数为0.01时构建的判定界面表征出不同组传感器阵列所得数据对分类结果的影响差异。选择S4,S2,P2,P3,S6,S7传感器组合,构建新的传感器阵列,并对7种玉米汁饮料进行辨识。优化后的传感器阵列对玉米汁饮料的分类准确率为98.016%,高于未经优化的传感器阵列的分类准确率(94.444%)。     

基于语义虚拟接口的三维用户界面组态

针对三维组态软件图形用户界面组态过程复杂、人机交互不自然的问题,提出基于语义虚拟接口的三维用户界面组态方法.该方法通过建立虚拟场景建模本体,借助本体语义信息辅助进行三维用户界面组态人机交互.提出虚拟接口的概念,使用虚拟接口作为场景对象人机交互语义信息的载体,用其表示场景对象之间可能的组态关系,实现了场景对象间的自动组态连接,进而实现了以简单人机交互完成复杂的三维组态任务.通过化工领域三维组态软件原型系统验证了方法的有效性.     

HEVC运动估计中SAD算法的动态可重构实现

高效视频编码（HEVC）标准中引入的不对称分割模式导致运动估计算法中绝对差值和（SAD）运算量成倍增加.为了提高运动估计算法的执行效率,方便用户进行自主选择,设计了同时支持不对称分割模式开启和关闭2种执行模式以及执行模式间自由切换的可重构阵列结构.为了满足用户要求编码速度的同时,最大限度地利用可重构阵列处理器的资源,在阵列结构为16×16个处理元中通过加载16×8、16×4以及16×2个处理元的指令来进行阵列规模的动态重构,采用指令下发的方式将不同的指令发送到对应处理元进行相应配置.实验结果表明,所提出的可重构实现方式在硬件资源占用量接近条件下,相较于流水化实现处理时间减少了约35%,吞吐量提高了约0.4倍.该实现具有较高的执行效率,能够进行执行模式与阵列规模的切换,具有较好的灵活性.     

Focused Widely Linear Beamforming

The problem addressed in this paper concerns the extension of widely linear beamforming to the wideband case, developing a wide-focused linear beamformer for the extraction of a wideband second-order (SO) noncircular signal-of-interest (SOI) contaminated by uncorrelated interferences and noise. In the proposed beamformer, the beamforming array observation is first focused to adopt a standard linear minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) framework. The augmented SOI steering vector then is obtained by estimating the SOI noncircularity parameter with the newly proposed oblique projection with an augmented sparse representation scheme. The covariance matrix of the virtual interference, true interference and noise is further reconstructed using the newly presented complementary spatial spectrum technique. The wideband widely linear spatial filtering is finally realized via MVDR like beamforming. The performance of the proposed beamformer is verified by simulation.     

Substructure isolation and damage identification using free responses

Structural health monitoring (SHM) has become a hot and intensively researched field in civil engineering. Thereinto, damage identification play an important role in maintaining structural integrity and safety. Many effective methods have been proposed for damage identification. However, accurate global identification of large real-world structures is not easy due to their complex and often unknown boundary conditions, nonlinear components, insensitivity of global response to localized damages, etc. Furthermore, global identification often requires lots of sensors and involves large number of unknowns. This is costly, rarely feasible in practice, and usually yields severely ill-conditioned identification problems. Substructuring approach is a possible solution: substructuring methods can focus on local small substructures; they need only a few sensors placed on the substructure and yield smaller and numerically much more feasible identification problems. This paper proposed an improved substructure method using local free response for substructure damage identification. The virtual supports are constructed by Substructure Isolation Method (SIM) using the linear combination of the substructural responses. The influence of the global errors is isolated by adding the virtual supports on the main degree of freedoms (DOFs) of the substructure. Through the correlation analysis, the substructural modes are selected and used for damage identification of the substructure. A plain model of cable stayed bridge is used for the verification of the proposed method.     

MIMO雷达最小冗余垂直阵列设计方法

针对MIMO雷达垂直阵列的稀疏优化问题,利用数学理论中差基和差集的性质,根据二者的线性组合选择阵元位置,提出了一种使收发阵元形成的虚拟阵列冗余度最小的设计方法．通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性．仿真结果表明,用该方法所得收发阵元形成的虚拟阵列的分辨率高于采用满阵的垂直阵列MIMO雷达以及传统面阵雷达;采用最小冗余垂直阵列的性能优于按满阵设计的垂直阵列．该设计方法所得阵列的性能优势有一定工程实用价值．