A generalized Petri net modeling approach for the control of re-entrant flow semiconductor wafer fabrication

Re-entrant flow manufacturing lines, such as occur in semiconductor wafer fabrication, are characterized by a product routing that consists of multiple visits to a workstation or group of workstations during the manufacturing process. In this paper, a modeling approach is based on the use of generalized Petri nets for a re-entrant flow manufacturing line is presented. Specifically, three Petri net models representing a re-entrant flow line with three work centers and six machines are modeled. How these models may be used to represent a variety of queuing disciplines and work release policies is discussed.     

基于Petri网的半导体生产线建模

总结了Petri网在半导体生产线建模中的应用,着重针对半导体生产线大规模,可重入,可靠性,混合加工方式,不确定性等特殊复杂性,对多种扩展Petri网模型进行了分析和比较,并进一步探讨了基于Petri网模型和扩展Petri网模型的半导体生产线建模方式,指出了存在的问题,并探讨了可能的研究方向。     

基于Petri网的启发式生产调度

提出一种新的柔性制造系统调度方法.该方法可以通过引入测试弧增强普通Petri网的建模能力,可以对系统中的设备维护、设备优先级以及操作优先级进行建模,并进一步利用搜索算法对模型的状态转换空间进行启发式搜索得到优化调度.文中的实例展示了算法的有效性.     

Improved methods for scheduling flexible manufacturing systems based on Petri nets and heuristic search

This paper proposes and evaluates two improved Petri net （PN）-based hybrid search strategies and their applications to flexible manufacturing system （FMS） scheduling. The algorithms proposed in some previous papers, which combine PN simulation capabilities with A＊ heuristic search within the PN reachability graph,may not find an optimum solution even with an admissible heuristic function. To remedy the defects an improved heuristic search strategy is proposed, which adopts a different method for selecting the promising markings and reserves the admissibility of the algorithm. To speed up the search process, another algorithm is also proposed which invokes faster termination conditions and still guarantees that the solution found is optimum. The scheduling results are compared through a simple FMS between our algorithms and the previous methods. They are also applied and evaluated in a set of randomly-generated FMSs with such characteristics as multiple resources and alternative routes.     

自动组合装置赋时有色Petri网模型的建立分析

半导体制造中的自动组合装置是半导体制造的关键设备和瓶颈设备.对其性能进行量化的直观的分析对于半导体制造的效率和成本预测具有重要意义.文章阐述了如何利用Aarhus大学开发的CPN Tools对单臂双处理仓的自动组合装置建立赋时有色的佩特里网模型.文中按照不同建模思想建立起抽象型和具象型两个结构不同的模型,通过比对进行验证,最后利用CPN Tools自带的仿真功能进行仿真得出模拟运行的结果.文中的研究方法和结论对于复杂的自动组合装置的有色佩特里网的分析具有一定的参考价值.     

容错网络服务器系统可用性

通过分析服务器群集系统的结构和工作原理,采用随机Petri网分别建立基本处理单元的软硬件可用性模型、共享数据磁盘可用性模型和服务器可用性模型。综合各个模型,得到服务器集群系统的可用性模型,通过仿真分析可知,采用集群技术可以有效提高服务器的可靠性。     

面向对象着色Petri网的板级电子产品拟实制造系统

基于面向对象着色Petri网(OCPN)模型,结合面向对象方法和Petri网,建立了板级电子产品拟实制造系统(VMS)的仿真模型,开发了VMS软件,并给出了仿真结果。     

具有多品种晶圆混合加工的单臂组合设备调度

为了提高晶圆制造中组合设备的生产效率,在考虑晶圆驻留时间约束条件下,研究没有共享加工模块的多品种晶圆混合加工的单臂组合设备调度问题.首先,采用面向资源的Petri网模型描述多种晶圆产品的混合加工过程,引入控制变迁避免模型的死锁,采用赋时库所和赋时变迁模拟系统资源的活动时间.其次,通过虚拟加工的方法平衡工序的负载,基于系统Petri网模型和拉式调度策略,推导出单臂组合设备在多品种晶圆混合加工情形下的可调度性判定条件,并以解析形式描述.最后,提出了系统稳态调度求解算法并以实例验证了算法的有效性和可行性.     

基于着色Petri网的HDFS数据一致性建模与分析

HDFS分布式文件系统作为Apache Hadoop的核心组件之一,在工业界得到了广泛应用.HDFS采用了多副本机制保证数据的可靠性,但是由于多副本的存在,在节点失效、网络中断、写入失败时可能会导致数据不一致.与传统文件系统相比,HDFS被认为其数据一致性有所降低,但用户并不知道何时会出现不一致的情况,目前也没有相关工...     

Collaborative composition of processes in holonic manufacturing systems

Although it provides a flexible architecture to deal with changes and uncertainties, holonic manufacturing systems (HMS) also pose challenges in design and implementation. A challenge is to design a problem solving environment to guide the holons in HMS such that the decisions made by the individual holons as a whole collaboratively compose the production processes for the tasks. The objective of this paper is to propose a problem solving environment for the composition of minimal cost processes in HMS. Given a specific product type and due date, the problem is to dynamically compose a complete process in HMS to process the product by the due date. To achieve the objective, we combine multi-agent systems technology with Petri nets in this paper. We first propose architecture and a two-layer contract net protocol to describe the negotiation between order holons, product holons and resource holons in HMS. To determine whether it is feasible for a set product holons and resource holons to compose a process for an order holon, we propose Petri net models to capture the workflows and activities in product holons and resource holons, respectively. To optimize the cost in the composed manufacturing process, the concept of activity-based costing is adopted to assign the cost of the activities to Petri nets. The advantages of our design methodology include specification of workflows and resource activities with PNML to minimize the cost. To realize the two-layer contract net protocol relies on a mechanism for a holon to discover the services provided by other holons. We proposed a scheme for publication and discovery of holon services based on FIPA compliant multi-agent system platform. Based on the service publication and discovery scheme, interactions between holons with the two-layer contract net protocol can be realized. We develop a HMS system to solve the process composition problem.     

集群负载调度算法性能评价

分析了目前集群中常用的负载调度算法,提出了一种新的调度算法——阈值轮转调度。然后利用Petri网理论,对主动自调度集群建模,用来比较这些调度算法的优劣,得出了有意义的结论：若阈值选择台理,阈值轮转调度算法优于其它调度算法。     

基于Petri网与GA算法的FMS调度优化

提出了一种应用遗传算法解决柔性制造系统调度优化问题的新方法．首先用Petri网对柔性制造系统进行建模,然后应用遗传算法对该模型进行调度并获取近似最优解．在该算法中,用Petri网模型的激发序列作为染色体,采用期望值方法作为选择算子,总加工时间作为适应度函数,两点交叉法作为交叉算子,交叉点选择能到达相同标记的转移．对于变异算子,首先从染色体上随机选择一点作为变异点,然后从这点开始应用变异算法,该变异算法类似于Petri网的可达树算法．由于算法中的选择、交叉和变异算子都是对．Petri网模型中的元素进行操作,与问题空间中的元素无关,因此,与其它调度算法相比,它有较高的通用性．既可以处理典型的Job—Shop问题,也可以处理小批量、多品种的FMS(Flexible Manufacturing System)调度问题．文中通过实验验证了算法的有效性。