分形粗糙表面涂覆目标太赫兹散射特性

该文采用物理光学法方法研究了具有分形粗糙表面的涂覆目标太赫兹散射特性。基于分形粗糙面建立表面粗糙目标模型,根据菲涅尔反射系数得出表面电流分布进而得到涂覆粗糙目标的雷达散射截面。对比分析了具有粗糙表面和光滑目标的散射结果,详细讨论了不同频率、不同涂层厚度的表面粗糙钝锥目标模型的太赫兹散射特性,计算结果表明在太赫兹波段目标表面的粗糙度对散射有显著的影响。      

随机粗糙表面电磁散射特性的双尺度法

介绍了双尺度法计算随机粗糙表面后向散射系数的方法,同时采用蒙特卡洛法仿真了单尺度和双尺度的二维随机粗糙表面。利用基尔霍夫近似、微扰法和双尺度法分别计算了粗糙面的后向散射系数,并且比较了这三种方法计算的结果,显示出了双尺度法在研究粗糙面电磁散射特性的优越性。     

一种太赫兹频段粗糙凸体目标散射计算方法

太赫兹频段下目标散射特性计算需考虑目标表面的粗糙特性和目标材料参数。在对粗糙目标几何建模时,通常的精细面元剖分建模方法使得散射计算问题难以求解。提出确定性建模与统计性建模相结合的粗糙目标几何建模方法,并且基于全波法提出了一种太赫兹频段可计算任意材料、任意粗糙凸体目标散射场的计算方法。通过与通用电磁计算软件计算结果的比较验证了该方法的准确性。     

太赫兹低频段随机粗糙金属板散射特性研究

该文提出了一种高效混合近似算法计算太赫兹频段无限薄金属板的电磁散射特性。在太赫兹低频段,金属目标可以被视为具有微粗糙表面的理想导体,散射场可以分为相干场和非相干场。该文采用物理光学法结合截断劈增量长度绕射系数法和微扰法来计算金属板的电磁散射分布。基于蒙特卡洛方法,分别利用多层快速多极子和提出的混合算法计算太赫兹低频段金属板的雷达散射截面,仿真结果表明该文提出的混合算法能够高效快速地给出太赫兹低频段金属板的电磁散射特性。      

高斯粗糙表面低掠入射散射特性研究

该文针对传统解析法不能有效求解低掠入射下粗糙表面散射特性的问题,提出了一种高阶解析法,该算法基于表面散射场的高阶分量和表面轮廓函数的高阶Taylor级数展开。利用该算法,定量比较了同极化的高、低阶散射系数,讨论了低掠入射下不同粗糙度的散射特性,分析了低掠入射下高阶微扰法和高阶基尔霍夫法求解高斯粗糙面的修正效应,得出了高阶解析法可以很好求解低掠入射问题的结论。最后,还研究了同极化散射指数与掠入射角幂函数的拟合问题,修正了极化散射指数的经典表达式。     

低掠入射时分形粗糙面散射的高阶微扰解

针对粗糙表面低掠入射散射特性求解的大误差问题,采用高阶微扰法研究了分形布朗运动粗糙表面在低掠入射条件下的散射特性,计算了高阶微扰法在低掠入射时的修正值,比较了高阶场量和阴影函数对低掠入射的修正效应,讨论了不同分维数下低掠入射时的散射系数,分析了低掠入射下极化指数与不同幂次正割函数的拟合逼近问题,修正了Ngo等人的结论.结果表明,高阶微扰法能有效求解掠入射角下分形粗糙表面的散射特性.     

高斯粗糙面与临空目标复合电磁散身寸的KH-MOM解

提出了一种求解一维粗糙面与二维无限长临空目标复合电磁散射特性的新型混合算法。混合算法只需在粗糙面上进行一次积分运算,即可用基尔霍夫-亥姆霍兹方程(KH)描述电磁波经粗糙面后的散射情况,再用矩量法(MoM)分析目标的散射问题,通过KH与MoM的混合来体现粗糙面与目标之间的耦合作用。经与不同方法的对比,验证了混合方法的正确性,体现了混合方法较数值法在求解效率上的巨大优势。计算了粗糙面与临空目标的统计复合散射特性,分析了粗糙面的起伏参数、临空目标的形状以及粗糙面介质的电参数对复合散射特性的影响。     

粗糙金属和介质目标的太赫兹散射特性分析

太赫兹频段金属和介质粗糙目标的散射特性是研究太赫兹雷达目标特性的重要基础。当目标表面的主曲率半径远远大于入射波长,且粗糙表面高度起伏与斜率起伏远小于入射波长时,根据稳定相位法和标量近似法,可获得粗糙金属和介质目标的相干散射截面和非相干散射截面。基于稳定相位法,任意目标的相干散射截面可退化为粗糙导体、光滑介质和粗糙介质目标的相干散射。该文分析了电大尺寸光滑金属铝和介质白漆球的散射截面,与Mie理论计算的介质球的散射特性吻合,散射截面误差小于0.1 dBm2。采用朗伯定理,验证了粗糙介质球的太赫兹非相干散射精确解,当目标表面剖分精度越高,非相干散射的计算精度越高。该文数值计算了粗糙介质球的太赫兹相干和非相干散射特性,分析了表面粗糙度和表面材料对散射特性的影响,为电大尺寸空间目标太赫兹散射特性分析提供了理论基础。      

峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面电磁散射特性研究

提出了一种分区域复合表面模型来描述峡谷环境的天然腔型结构,研究了峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面的电磁散射特性。采用蒙特卡罗方法,利用高斯谱函数模拟峡谷环境的陆地粗糙面,利用Pierson-Moskowitz(PM)海洋谱模拟峡谷的海面部分,交界处运用加权反正切函数平滑处理,建立了峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面模型。考虑到自然环境中峡谷所具备的天然腔型结构,引入射线密度归一化(RDN)思想,采用改进射线弹跳法与物理光学法的混合方法,计算峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面的电磁散射特性。对比了陆地粗糙面、海面和峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面的电磁散射特性,计算了峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面的散射系数,并讨论了峡谷开口范围、陆地粗糙面的均方根高度和相关长度对峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面电磁散射特性的影响。仿真结果对于反演峡谷环境的电磁特性以及遥感、探测具有借鉴意义。     

三维介质粗糙面上导体目标散射的解析-数值混合算法

推导出二维介质粗糙面与其上三维导体目标复合散射的耦合积分方程,提出目标散射的数值矩量法(Method of Moment,MoM)与粗糙面散射的基尔霍夫解析近似法(Kirchhoff Approximation,KA)相结合的混合迭代算法.理论推导表明:当目标距离粗糙面的高度满足条件时,目标的离散单元在粗糙面上任意一点的散射场满足局部平面波关系,利用粗糙面局部面元的反射和透射关系,得出粗糙面感应场的KA解析计算式.由于粗糙表面的感应场用KA解析计算,只需对目标的感应电流进行一次数值积分,无需数值求解粗糙面的积分方程,节省大量的存储空间和运算时间,能在理论上十分简明、数值计算上十分有效地求解三维体目标与面目标组合的复合散射问题.讨论了目标与粗糙面相互作用的互耦迭代算法的有效性和收敛性.结合Monte-Carlo方法产生随机粗糙面样本,数值分析Gauss介质粗糙面上方的规则导体球或任意不规则六面体的散射,讨论了粗糙面的介电参数和目标几何形状等对双站散射的影响.     

A combined steepest descent-fast multipole algorithm for the fastanalysis of three-dimensional scattering by rough surfaces

A new technique, the steepest descent-fast multipole method (SDFMM), is developed to efficiently analyze scattering from perfectly conducting random rough surfaces. Unlike other prevailing methods, this algorithm has linear computational complexity and memory requirements, making it a suitable candidate for analyzing scattering from large rough surfaces as well as for carrying out Monte Carlo simulations. The method exploits the quasiplanar nature of rough surfaces to efficiently evaluate the dyadic Green's function for multiple source and observation points. This is achieved through a combination of a Sommerfeld steepest descent integral and a multilevel fast multipole-like algorithm based on inhomogeneous plane wave expansions. The fast evaluation of the dyadic Green's function dramatically speeds up the iterative solution of the integral equation for rough surface scattering. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy and accuracy of the method in analyzing scattering from extremely large finite rough surfaces     

An efficient algorithm for electromagnetic scattering from rough surfaces using a single integral equation and multilevel sparse-matrix canonical-grid method

An efficient algorithm for wave scattering from two-dimensional lossy rough surfaces is proposed. It entails the use of a single magnetic field integral equation (SMFIE) in conjunction with a multilevel sparse-matrix canonical-grid (MSMCG) method. The Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) triangular discretization is adopted to better model the rough surface than the pulse basis functions used in the well-established SMCG method. Using the SMFIE formulation, only one unknown per interior edge of the triangular mesh approximating the rough surface is required, and the iterative solution to the moment equation converges more rapidly than that of the conventional coupled equations for dielectric rough surfaces. The MSMCG method extends the applicability of the SMCG method to rougher surfaces. Parallel implementation of the proposed method enables us to model dielectric surfaces up to a few thousand square wavelengths. Simulation results are presented as bistatic scattering coefficients for Gaussian randomly rough surfaces.     

粗糙面与目标电磁散射统计特性分析

首先给出用于描述和产生粗糙海面的模型，然后在锥形平面波入射条件下，用矩量法求解了粗糙面及与圆柱形近地小目标复合散射所满足的积分方程，最后给出了不同条件下粗糙面、粗糙面与目标复合散射特性的统计结果及相互间的比较。     

Mueller matrix calculation for a slab of random medium with bothrandom rough surfaces and discrete particles

A model for a slab of random medium containing both random rough surfaces and discrete scatterers is presented in this paper. The refractive indices of the surrounding media are different from the background refractive index of the random medium. Kirchhoff rough surface theory is used to derive the transmittivity and reflectivity matrices for the scattering of electromagnetic waves from the rough surfaces. These matrices are used to determine a pair of boundary conditions for the vector radiative transfer equation. The multiple scattering due to the discrete scatterers is computed by solving the radiative transfer equation numerically, including the rough surface scattering effect. Mueller matrices characterizing the random medium are constructed from the scattered Stokes vectors due to four independent polarized incident waves. The Mueller matrices are found to have symmetrical properties, and there are eight nonvanishing matrix elements     

基于单积分方程矩量法的海洋表面微波散射模拟

本文使用单积分方程矩量法,对风场驱动下的海洋表面微波散射进行数值模拟.海洋随机粗糙面用三角形贴片模型来拟合,核心算法是基于快速傅立叶变换技术的多层稀疏矩阵规范网格法.针对海水的高导电性,引入了局部化近似方法.数值结果验证了算法的正确性和计算效率,并对L波段的微波散射进行了计算分析.     

On the Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by Periodic Rough Dielectric Surfaces: A BOA Solution

A new approach for the scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves from periodic dielectric rough surfaces is addressed. The method is an extension of the buried object approach (BOA), which is developed for rough surfaces of infinite extend, to the present problem. The BOA allows to model the original problem as the scattering of EM waves from cylindrical objects located in a two-half-space medium with planar interface. Then, the problem is reduced to the solution of a Fredholm integral equation of second kind through the periodic Green's function of two-half-space medium. The periodic Green's function of two-half-space medium is calculated via the Floquet mode expansion, whose numerical evaluation can be accelerated by using effective methods. The method can also be used to solve the scattering problems of rough surfaces of infinite extend and having a localized roughness. Numerical simulations show that the method yields effective and accurate results for surfaces of arbitrary variation.      

基于统计型积分方程的高斯粗糙面散射计算

基于统计型积分方程方法(Stochastic Integral Equation Method, SIEM)实现了高斯粗糙面的高效散射计算.与传统求解随机粗糙面散射特性的蒙特卡洛法(Monte Carlo Method, MC)相比, 该方法采用统计面元格林函数, 考虑粗糙面高斯随机分布的场源耦合影响, 只需要计算一次矩阵元素和待求未知量, 提高了求解粗糙面问题的计算效率.数值结果显示, 文中方法与MC吻合, 计算效率得到显著提高.     

随机粗糙海面的统计模型和分形模型电磁散射的比较研究

本文从Ｐｈｉｌｉｐ海谱出发,分别应用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ方法和分形函数建立了海面的统计模型和分形模型,并应用Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ近似分别计算了这两种模型的后向散射系数随入射角的变化以及双站散射系数随散射角的变化,。结果表明,两种模型的电磁散射系数随入射角和散射角的变化曲线均符合较好。说明用分形模型可很好地 Ｐｈｉｌｉｐ海谱的实际海央电磁散射回波的幅度特征。     

快速计算一维分层粗糙面之间金属目标复合散射的互耦迭代算法

为研究一维分层介质粗糙面之间金属目标的复合电磁散射特性,该文提出了一种结合前后向迭代算法(FBM)和双共轭梯度法(Bi-CG)的快速互耦迭代算法(CCIA)。推导了分层粗糙面与金属目标的耦合边界积分方程组,采用FBM和Bi-CG分别求解分层粗糙面与目标的边界积分方程,目标和分层粗糙面的相互作用通过更新两方程的激励项来实现。计算了双层介质高斯粗糙面及无限长金属圆柱的复合电磁散射特性,当目标尺寸趋于零时与只有分层粗糙面的散射系数相吻合,验证了该算法的正确性;分析了不同粗糙面情况下该算法的收敛性;讨论了目标尺寸与位置变化对复合散射系数的影响。结果表明,金属目标的存在明显影响了分层粗糙面的散射特性。     

Electromagnetic scattering from slightly rough surfaces withinhomogeneous dielectric profiles

Remote sensing of soil moisture using microwave sensors require accurate and realistic scattering models for rough soil surfaces. In the past, much effort has been devoted to the development of scattering models for either perfectly conducting or homogeneous rough surfaces. In practice, however, the permittivity of most soil surfaces is nonuniform, particularly in depth, for which analytical solution does not exist. The variations in the permittivity of a soil medium can easily be related to its soil moisture profile and soil type using the existing empirical models. In this paper, analytical expressions for the bistatic scattering coefficients of soil surfaces with slightly rough interface and stratified permittivity profile are derived. The scattering formulation is based on a new approach where the perturbation expansion of the volumetric polarization current instead of the tangential fields is used to obtain the scattered field. Basically, the top rough layer is replaced with an equivalent polarization current and, using the volumetric integral equation in conjunction with the dyadic Green's function of the remaining stratified half-space medium, the scattering problem is formulated. Closed-form analytical expressions for the induced polarization currents to any desired order are derived, which are then used to evaluate the bistatic scattered fields up to and including the third order. The analytical solutions for the scattered fields are used to derive the complete second-order expressions for the backscattering coefficients as well as the statistics of phase difference between the scattering matrix elements. The theoretical results are shown to agree well with the backscatter measurements of rough surfaces with known dielectric profiles and roughness statistics