电化学刻蚀法制备铝合金超疏水表面及其润湿性转变

目的通过简易环保的方法在铝合金基体上制备超疏水表面。方法采用电化学刻蚀和空气中保存法在铝合金基体上制备超疏水表面,用扫描电子显微镜、粗糙度测量仪和光学接触角测量仪对所得样品的微观形貌、表面粗糙度和润湿性进行分析。结果水滴在铝合金表面的接触角随着保存时间的增加而增大,电化学刻蚀所得超亲水表面逐渐表现出超疏水特性。12 d后表面趋于稳定,水滴在铝合金表面的接触角和滚动角分别为(152.3±4.5)°和(6.4±2.2)°。随着电化学刻蚀时间的增加,铝合金表面的润湿性减小。热处理可以使超疏水表面转为超亲水表面,在空气中保存后表面又恢复疏水性。结论试验所用中性环保的NaCl溶液作为电解液,极大地降低了试验对人体和环境的危害。并未使用有害的二次化学涂层作为表面能修饰材料,提高了试验的安全性和超疏水表面的稳定性。通过此简单环保的电化学刻蚀和空气中保存的方法成功地在铝合金基体上制备出了超疏水表面,所得表面展现出良好的疏水特性。     

仿生亲水微轨道-超疏水复合表面液滴可控定向引导研究

目的 实现液滴在超疏水表面定向可控滑动.方法 通过一种简单而有效的方法制备复合仿水稻叶亲水微轨道的超疏水表面.首先使用NaOH腐蚀铝合金表面形成微纳结构,然后浸泡硬脂酸溶液使得粗糙表面自生长硬脂酸超疏水层,最后使用纳秒激光系统去除局部超疏水层,形成用于引导液滴的仿水稻叶微轨道.利用超疏水表面的超强憎水特性及亲水微轨道的亲水性,得到水滴运动各向异性的微结构化表面.通过优化微轨道参数,改变液滴各向异性润湿及滑动特性.结果 随着相邻亲水微轨道间隔的减小,平行微轨道方向接触角也明显减小,液滴沿轨道方向的滑动阻力明显增加.当相邻微轨道间距为500μm时,达到平行亲水微轨道方向和垂直亲水微轨道方向滑动角的差值超过50°,为液滴可控定向引导最佳间距.进一步提出了具有变密度亲水微轨道和曲线排列亲水微轨道的超疏水表面,其具有在特定单方向液滴可控引导的特性,并引导水滴沿微轨道聚集到亲水末端点.通过机理分析得出,液滴在复合表面的各向异性润湿和定向滑动,是由于超疏水表面和亲水微轨道之间的表面能性质差异,以及毛细作用引起的预润湿效应等.结论 本研究制备的复合亲水微轨道超疏水表面可实现液滴定向引导,在集水、水滴混合及污渍去除等领域具有应用潜力.     

铝基彩色超疏水表面制备

先用电化学刻蚀在铝表面加工出超疏水性所需的微纳米粗糙结构,再通过直流阳极氧化在微纳米结构表面形成氧化层,并在高锰酸钾和硫酸的混合溶液中进行电解着色,最后通过氟硅烷修饰降低表面能后即可获得彩色的铝基超疏水表面。对样品表面的微观形貌、化学成分及润湿性进行了表征,结果表明:当电解加工时间为4 min时,铝表面颜色较暗,其超疏水性一般,水滴与表面的接触角达到153.1°,滚动角为1°;当电解加工时间为3 min时,铝表面为黄褐色,有较好的疏水性能,水滴与表面的接触角达到157.2°,滚动角为1°。     

化学刻蚀-阳极氧化复合制备钛合金超疏水表面试验研究

目的 提高TC4钛合金超疏水表面的疏水性、耐腐蚀性与力学性能。方法 首先选择化学刻蚀法对TC4钛合金进行处理制备出微米级结构，再采用阳极氧化法制备出纳米级结构，最终在试样表面制备出了具有微纳分级结构的超疏水表面。通过观察微观结构表面、Tafel测试、线性磨损试验、抗冲击性测试以及防冰性能测试，分别对H₂O₂刻蚀、强酸刻蚀、阳极氧化、H₂O₂刻蚀-阳极氧化和强酸刻蚀-阳极氧化制备的超疏水表面进行性能对比。结果 使用双氧水-碳酸氢钠混合溶液制备出的超疏水表面接触角为156.4°，滚动角为2.7°；硫酸-盐酸混合溶液制备出的超疏水表面接触角为153.1°，滚动角为7.6°；阳极氧化法制备的超疏水表面接触角为156.3°，滚动角为4.2°；双氧水-碳酸氢钠混合溶液刻蚀并阳极氧化处理后，表面接触角为157.6°，使用硫酸-盐酸混合溶液刻蚀并阳极氧化处理后，表面接触角为155.9°，二者滚动角均小于2°。复合方法制备的表面疏水性能优于单一方法制备的超疏水表面。超疏水试样的OCP都高于TC4钛合金，经过强酸刻蚀和...     

两种硅烷偶联剂修饰的铝合金表面超疏水性能研究

目的 探究硅烷偶联剂对铝合金超疏水表面性能的影响。方法 通过化学刻蚀并结合硅烷偶联剂修饰,在AMS 4037铝合金上制备超疏水表面。首先,通过HCl/H2O2混合液对铝合金进行刻蚀,在其表面构造具有多级蜂巢状的微/纳复合结构,再分别采用硅烷偶联剂和含氟硅烷进行疏水改性。详细研究2种改性剂的浓度对刻蚀铝合金表面润湿性的影响。采用接触角测量仪对材料表面润湿性和表面自由能进行测试,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪、激光共聚焦显微镜对表面微观结构和化学成分进行表征。同时,对2种硅烷偶联剂修饰的铝合金超疏水表面进行液滴冻结时间、防覆冰及自清洁行为测试。结果 铝合金表面的疏水性并不总是与改性剂的浓度呈正相关。当改性剂的质量分数为0.5%时,经硅烷偶联剂修饰后其刻蚀表面的接触角为156.3°,但滚动角大于30°,而经含氟硅烷修饰后其表面的接触角可达164.4°,滚动角为6°。液滴在硅烷偶联剂和含氟硅烷修饰后的超疏水表面的冻结时间分别为37、45 s。结论 相较于硅烷偶联剂修饰的刻蚀表面,含氟硅烷改性后其表面能更低,疏水效果更好。相较于未处理的铝合金表面,经硅烷偶联剂修饰后铝合金超疏水表面可显著抑制液滴的冻结过程,具有更长的冻结时间和延迟覆冰的能力,并且含氟硅烷修饰后表面的防冰性能更佳。自清洁实验也证明经含氟硅烷修饰后的表面具有更好的自清洁性能,其表面的微小灰尘颗粒更易被带走。     

空气/液体环境下一步法制备304不锈钢织构表面的润湿性研究

表面润湿性是表面技术的研究热点。为研究不同加工环境中激光制备微织构对304不锈钢表面润湿性的影响,采用光纤激光打标机,在空气、无水乙醇环境中采用一步法制备了微织构表面,从织构形貌、织构表面化学成分分析加工环境及激光参数对304不锈钢表面润湿性的调控机理。结果表明,无织构304不锈钢表面接触角为56.89°,表现出了亲水特性;空气环境中制备的织构为微米尺度的沟槽织构,与无织构304不锈钢表面相比O原子明显增多,其表面接触角为10.61°,表现出了高亲水特性;试验所选参数范围内,无水乙醇环境中制备的织构为不规则的微纳织构,与无织构304不锈钢表面相比新增了大量C原子,其表面接触角为66.14°～117.83°,表现出了疏水特性;亲/疏水表面可以应用在微量液体的定向输运。影响304不锈钢表面润湿性的因素主要有:织构形貌,表面化学成分。该研究为304不锈钢表面润湿性调控提供了参考。     

超疏水船用铝合金表面微结构对耐海水腐蚀性能的影响

为提高船用铝合金的耐海水腐蚀性能,利用激光在5083船用铝合金表面分别刻蚀点阵、直线、网格3种微结构,采用聚合物基纳米复合材料构建微纳双层结构,制备超疏水船用铝合金表面。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜表征其形貌;用接触角测量仪测量接触角和滚动角;采用电化学分析方法测试在海水环境中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,具有微纳双层结构的超疏水表面符合Cassie状态,且随着微结构间距的增大,接触角减小,滚动角增大,其耐海水腐蚀性能显著增强。间距为100μm的网格微结构表面具有最大的接触角157.8°和最小的滚动角0.57°,可将铝合金的腐蚀阻抗提高2个数量级。     

超疏水/超亲油铜网表面的一步法制备及其油水分离应用

以紫铜网为基体材料,通过阳极氧化一步法,制备了超疏水/超亲油铜网表面,利用热场发射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱分析仪、接触角测量仪和万能力学测试机对表面的微观结构,化学成分,润湿性和剥离强度进行表征。结果表明：当阳极氧化电压为10 V时,表面具有明显的微/纳二元粗糙结构,化学成分为豆蔻酸铜;表面上水滴接触角为153°±2.3°,且水滴在表面上的受到的粘附力极低,滚动角为7.5°,油滴接触角为0°;豆蔻酸铜牢固地附着在铜网上,表面具有良好的机械稳定性。油水分离试验表明,制备的超疏水/超亲油铜网对不同种类的油水混合液具有很好的分离效果,分离效率均达到96%以上;经过10次循环试验后,对煤油/水混合液的分离效率仍可达到90%以上,具有良好的可循环使用性。     

超疏水铝合金表面的制备及耦合机理分析

为制备超疏水铝合金表面,采用高速电火花切割技术在铝合金表面加工类水稻叶表面的沟槽结构。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测材料表面形貌,采用接触角测量仪表征水滴在材料表面的疏水性和黏附性。结果表明： 铝合金表面形成了排列规则的微米级沟槽结构,沟槽突起和底部覆盖着微米级凹坑、突起物和纳米级错层等结构。铝合金试样表面的接触角由加工前的61.24°提高至157.71°,最大达165.36°,实现了材料表面亲水向超疏水的转变。提拉法表明加工的铝合金表面具有高黏附特性。将测得的接触角与CassieBaxter模型计算的理论值进行比较,发现试样表面的超疏水性是微米级和纳米级等复合结构共同耦合作用的结果。铝合金试样表面的多尺度结构不仅提高了材料表面的疏水性能,同时也形成了试样表面的高黏附特性。     

超疏水钛合金表面制备及其抗海洋生物附着性能

为提高钛合金抗海洋生物附着性能,采用激光刻蚀技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面构建不同间距的微米级点阵结构,利用聚合物基纳米复合材料构建微/纳双层结构,制备超疏水Ti6Al4V合金表面。用光学显微镜和扫描电镜表征其形貌;用接触角测量仪测量试样的表面接触角;用浅海挂板的方法测试试样的抗海洋生物附着污损性能。结果表明,具有单一微结构的Ti6Al4V合金表面为疏水表面。随着点阵间距的减小,接触角增大。当间距为50μm时,接触角可达131.8o,但试样的表面滚动角较大,将试样竖直甚至翻转,水滴都不滚落;具有微/纳双层结构的Ti6Al4V合金表面为超疏水表面,且随着点阵间距的减小接触角增大,滚动角减小。当间距为50μm时,接触角达163.8o,滚动角仅为1.89o。具有微/纳双层结构的超疏水Ti6Al4V合金表面抗海洋生物附着污损性能显著优于抛光Ti6Al4V合金表面及具有单一微结构的Ti6Al4V合金表面。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.