对称非均匀层合板梁的弯扭耦合效应

为了研究复合材料风力机叶片的弯扭耦合效应,将风力机叶片简化为对称非均匀铺层层合板梁,采用实验和数值分析方法研究耦合区域对叶片弯扭耦合效应的影响。给出了对称非均匀层合板梁的铺层方式及其制作工艺,设计了对称非均匀层合板梁的弯扭耦合效应实验,给出了实验原理及测量方法,测量了对称非均匀层合板梁的挠度和扭转角。基于ANSYS软件建立了对称非均匀层合板梁的有限元模型,计算了在集中力载荷作用下梁的变形。通过有限元数值分析结果与实验结果对比,结果表明:耦合区域对对称非均匀层合板梁的变形行为产生重要影响,采用中部耦合区域铺层方式可以获得显著的弯扭耦合效应。     

机电耦合载荷下的压电层合板瞬态响应分析

针对压电层合板在机电耦合激振下的瞬态响应问题, 提出一种高效混合数值计算方法。经过位移场、 电势场在厚度方向的离散, 利用机电耦合理论和哈密顿原理, 推导出结构的运动方程。引入傅里叶变换, 得到波数域内运动控制方程。应用模态分析方法求解波数域内的位移场和电势场, 对结果进行傅里叶逆变换, 得到空间域内的瞬态响应。以PZT-5A/0° PVDF铺层两相材料复合压电层合板为算例, 分析了力、 电耦合线载荷激励下, 位移场和电势场的瞬态响应历程与分布规律, 计算结果给出了该结构的动力学基本特征。该方法结合了有限元法、 傅里叶变换和模态分析法, 计算高频载荷激振下的压电层合板瞬态响应较一般有限元法大幅减少了单元的划分。该方法可推广至分析任意机电载荷下的各类铺层材料压电层合板瞬态响应问题。      

压电功能梯度层合梁的力-电-热耦合梁单元及最优振动控制

给出了一个压电功能梯度层合梁振动分析的两节点力-电-热耦合梁单元,并将其用于功能梯度层合梁的振动最优控制。在这个多场耦合梁单元中,功能梯度材料的等效力学性能用Voigt或Mori-Tanaka模型表征;梁的位移场用Shi改进的三阶剪切变形板理论描述;压电层的电势场用Layer-wise理论分层表征,且呈高阶非线性电势场的压电层可离散成数个子层。用Hamilton原理推导了压电功能梯度梁的力-电-热耦合单元列式,用拟协调元法给出了多场耦合梁单元的高计算效率的显式单元刚度矩阵,以及采用线性二次型(LQR)最优控制算法进行压电功能梯度层合梁的最优振动控制。使用所得力-电-热耦合梁单元进行了压电功能梯度层合梁的静力和动力分析。数值算例表明,所得力-电-热耦合梁单元可靠、准确和高效,LQR最优控制算法得到最优控制电压可有效抑制功能梯度梁的振动且实现控制系统能量的优化。     

压电复合材料层合板的热压电弹性简化模型研究

为有效分析压电复合材料层合板在热、电和载荷下的单向耦合热电弹性问题,基于变分渐近方法(VAM)建立热电弹性简化模型。首先根据虚功原理推导三维压电复合板总势能泛函。然后基于变分渐近法,利用板固有的小参数将三维总势能泛函渐近扩展为系列二维泛函,同时将近似泛函转换为Reissner形式以便实际工程应用。最后建立三维场重构关系以正确预测沿厚度方向的应力分布。计算结果显示:基于该模型重构的沿厚度方向横向剪切应力较古典层合理论和一阶剪切变形理论精确度更好,与三维有限元精确解相一致,表明该模型在压电复合材料层合板应力预测上的有效性。     

压电层合板高阶计算模型

压电复合(层合)结构可应用于结构振动控制、形状保持、健康监测等,建立压电层合结构精确的机电耦合计算模型成为了研究的焦点.针对表面粘贴或内部嵌入压电片的压电层合板结构,基于高阶位移场和高阶电势模型,根据Hamilton原理建立了机电耦合高阶有限元模型.该模型适用于薄板和中厚板,并且能够捕捉压电层内沿厚度方向呈抛物线型分布的诱导电势.以压电双晶片简支板为例,进行了作动器构型和开环、闭环状态传感器构型的数值分析.结果指出,诱导电势对压电传感器有重要影响,而压电作动器可忽略这种电势.     

基于一阶剪切变形理论的新型复合材料层合板单元

基于一阶剪切变形理论(FSDT),本文构造一种新型的20自由度(每结点5个自由度),四边形复合材料层合板单元,适合于任意铺设情形的层合板的计算。它是按如下方式构造的:(1) 单元每边的转角和剪应变由Timoshenko层合厚梁理论来确定;(2) 对单元域内的转角场和剪应变场进行合理的插值;(3) 引入平面内双线性位移场来体现层合板面内与弯曲的耦合作用。本文单元,记为TMQ20,不存在剪切闭锁现象,在计算单层的各向同性板时可以退化为文[1]中优质的中厚板单元TMQ。在文[2]中将给出本文单元对于层合板问题的详细数值算例。     

压电复合梁热机电耦合有限元模型

压电材料应用于航天结构形状或振动控制时,可能会受到热场、力场和电场的共同作用。为分析处于热场、力场和电场共同作用下的压电复合结构,文中基于高阶剪切变形理论、高阶电势模型和线性温度分布假设,利用虚功原理建立了压电复合梁结构的热-机-电耦合有限元模型。该模型可应用于热机电耦合压电复合结构的形状与振动控制研究。利用本文模型对压电双晶片梁、压电复合悬臂梁进行了数值仿真,仿真结果与文献给出的理论结果和实验值吻合良好,表明本文模型是正确有效的。     

书本式压电作动器的特性分析

在考虑粘接层影响的情形下，利用层合梁理论导出了柱形弯曲书本式压电作动器的作动力以及机电耦合系数的数学表达式，并通过数值仿真分析揭示了机电耦合系数与压电层层数、压电层厚度以及粘接层厚度间的关系。这些结果为书本式压电作动器的结构综合优化设计提供了理论基础。     

绝对节点坐标法中压电层合板的大变形研究

压电层合板可以通过对作动器施加电压变形为各种形态,在智能可折叠结构领域具有潜在的应用前景。理解这种结构的大变形作动机理是软体智能结构设计的基础。利用等效单层模型,基于绝对节点坐标法（ANCF）,建立了一种柔性压电层合薄板单元。引入了压电材料的本构方程来推导弹性力和压电力,建立了压电层合薄板单元的动力学方程,并对比了在大变形范围内三种曲率表达形式的收敛效果。通过与 ABAQUS 有限元软件求得的结果进行比较,验证了压电层合薄板单元的正确性,并给出了一些大变形算例。结果表明,在压电材料全覆盖、部分覆盖、多段覆盖等情形下,该单元均能得到较为稳定的结果,表明此单元可以与单层线弹性单元进行耦合。此外还研究了压电层合板受集中力状态下的动态响应。该研究有助于理解受智能压电材料驱动的柔性或软体结构的复杂耦合非线性力学行为。     

用压电元件实现复合材料层合板振动控制的数值分析

采用板的一阶剪切变形理论，对含有压电材料层的复合材料层合板，从机电耦合的变分方程及Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理出发，建立起求解其动态响应 的有限元方程。同时也给出了压电材料层作为传感元件时的传感方程及作为作动元件时的作动方程。并采用速度反馈控制实现了层合板的主动振动。最后给出了计算实例。     

Analysis of adaptive shell structures using a refined laminated model

This work presents the development of a shell conical panel finite element model, which has the possibility of having embedded piezoelectric actuators and/or sensors patches. A mixed laminated theory is used, which combines an equivalent single layer higher order shear deformation approach for the mechanical behavior with a layerwise representation in the thickness direction to describe the distribution of the electric potential in each of the piezoelectric layers of the finite element. The electrical potential function is represented through a linear variation across the thickness with two electric potential nodes for each piezoelectric layer. Based in this model an active damping scheme applied to laminated shell structures is presented and discussed.     

Active vibration control of composite plate with optimal placement of piezoelectric patches

The active vibration control of a composite plate using discrete piezoelectric patches has been investigated. Based on first order shear deformation theory, a finite element model with the contributions of piezoelectric sensor and actuator patches to the mass and stiffness of the plate was used to derive the state space equation. A global optimization based on LQR performance is developed to find the optimal location of the piezoelectric patches. Genetic algorithm is adopted and implemented to evaluate the optimal configuration. The piezoelectric actuator provides a damping effect on the composite plate by means of LQR control algorithm. A correlation between the patches number and the closed loop damping coefficient is established.     

A sensor charge output deviation method for delamination detection using isolated piezoelectric actuator and sensor patches

Delamination is one of the most prevalent failure mechanisms for laminated composites. To secure the safety of composite structures, it is required and necessary to develop cost-effective and efficient delamination detection techniques and methods. In this paper, a dynamic analytical model, namely sensor charge output deviation method is proposed to identify a delamination embedded in a cantilever laminated composite beam bonded with isolated piezoelectric actuator and sensor patches. Two pairs of collocated piezoelectric patches are bonded on top and bottom surfaces of the beam and used as actuators for exciting the composite beam. Another piezoelectric patch with gridding electrode pattern on its top surface is bonded on the top surface of the host beam and is employed as a sensor to record the required voltage and thus the sensor charge output along the beam. The effects of some major geometric parameters and the type of applied electric voltage on the sensor charge output distribution and delamination detection sensitivity are discussed in this paper. A comparison between the analytical models using isolated piezoelectric actuator and sensor patches and that using integrated piezoelectric sensor/actuator layer, which was developed previously, is conducted. For the baseline case considered here, there is an excellent agreement of the first three order frequencies between the present finite element analysis and analytical models.     

层合板中压电作动器最优厚度和嵌入位置研究

研究了压电结构中压电片厚度和嵌入深度的优化问题。首先给出了压电层合板的高阶耦合分析模型;然后以不受约束的含压电铺层复合材料板为代表,在压电层厚度方向施加电场时板自由变形,假设板任意微元横截面上内力为零,以其弯(扭)曲曲率最大为优化目标,建立了求解压电片最优厚度和嵌入深度问题的约束优化模型。最后分别以各向同性板中嵌入各项同性压电片和复合材料板中嵌入各向异性压电片为例进行了分析,绘出了目标函数的三维曲面图及等高线图,结果表明压电片的作动效能与其厚度和嵌入位置密切相关,而最优厚度和嵌入位置是由压电片和基体的材料特性决定的。     

Shape control of smart composite plate with non-rectangular piezoelectric actuators

Quasi-static shape control of a smart structure may be achieved through optimizing the applied electric fields, loci, shapes and sizes of piezoelectric actuators attached to the structure. In this paper, a finite element analysis (FEA) software has been developed for analyzing static deformation of smart composite plate structures with non-rectangular shaped PZT patches as actuators. The mechanical deformation of the smart composite plate is modeled using a 3rd order plate theory, while the electric field is simulated based on a layer-wise theory. The finite element formulation is verified by comparing with experimentally measured deformation. Numerical results are obtained for the optimum values of the electric field in the PZT actuators to achieve the desired shape using the linear least square (LLS) method. The numerical results demonstrate the influence of the shapes of actuators.     

一种基于Layerwise理论的压电复合材料层合圆柱壳机电耦合有限单元

基于Reddy的Layerwise理论,对含压电铺层的复合材料层合壳的静力响应特性进行了理论研究。基于Layerwise理论,推导了含压电层的复合材料层合壳的应变分量与电场强度表达式。利用Hamilton原理和变分法,推导了压电智能层合壳的欧拉-拉格朗日方程,并采用有限元解法,建立了相应的有限元控制方程及其机电耦合刚度矩阵。通过算例结果与文献中的精确解和试验值进行了对比,表明相较于传统的经典层合板壳理论,本文理论方法的有效性和优势性;并分析了径厚比等参量对两端简支压电智能层合壳静力响应值的影响规律。      

Hybrid damping of smart, functionally graded plates using piezoelectric, fiber-reinforced composites

This paper deals with the investigation of active, constrained layer damping (ACLD) of smart, functionally graded (FG) plates. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is considered to be made of a piezoelectric, fiber-reinforced composite (PFRC) material with enhanced effective piezoelectric coefficient that quantifies the in-plane actuating force due to the electric field applied across the thickness of the layer. The Young's modulus and the mass density of the FG plates are assumed to vary exponentially along the thickness of the plate, and the Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant over the domain of the plate. A finite-element model has been developed to model the open-loop and closed-loop dynamics of the FG plates integrated with two patches of ACLD treatment. The frequency response of the plates revealed that the active patches of ACLD treatment significantly improve the damping characteristics of the FG plates over the passive damping. Emphasis has been placed on investigating the effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber angle in the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment on the attenuating capability of the patches. The analysis also revealed that the activated patches of the ACLD treatment are more effective in controlling the vibrations of FG plates when the patches are attached to the surface of the FG plates with minimum stiffness than when they are attached to the surface of the same with maximum stiffness.     

Micromechanics models for the effective nonlinear electro-mechanical responses of piezoelectric composites

The nonlinear behavior of piezoelectric composites becomes prominent when the composites are subjected to high electric fields, which is often the case in actuator applications. Understanding the nonlinear behavior of piezoelectric composites is crucial in designing structures comprising of these materials. This study presents micromechanics models for predicting nonlinear electro-mechanical responses of polarized piezoelectric composites, comprising of a linear non-piezoelectric homogeneous medium (matrix) reinforced by either nonlinear piezoelectric fibers or particles, subjected to high electric fields. The maximum electric field applied is within the coercive electric field limit. The constitutive relations for the polarized piezoelectric inclusions consist of the third- and fourth-order electro-mechanical coupling tensors and the second- and third-order electric permeability tensors. The Mori–Tanaka micromechanics and simplified unit-cell micromechanics models are formulated to predict the effective nonlinear electro-mechanical responses of piezoelectric fiber reinforced and particle reinforced composites, respectively. Linearized micromechanical relations are first used to provide trial solutions followed by iterative schemes in order to correct errors from linearizing the nonlinear responses. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of each micromechanics model.     

Performance of piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composites for active structural-acoustic control of laminated composite plates

This paper deals with the active structural acoustic control of thin laminated composite plates using piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite (PFRC) material for the constraining layer of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment. A finite element model is developed for the laminated composite plates integrated with the patches of ACLD treatment to describe the coupled structural-acoustic behavior of the plates enclosing an acoustic cavity. The performance of the PFRC layers of the patches has been investigated for active control of sound radiated from thin symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply laminated composite plates into the acoustic cavity. The significant effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber orientation in the PFRC layer on controlling the structure-borne sound radiated from thin laminated plates has been investigated to determine the fiber angle in the PFRC layer for which the structural-acoustic control authority of the patches becomes maximum.