“五位一体”庭院生态模式

在贵州高海拔地区采用玉米高产栽培措施 ,获得了 12 .2 1t/hm2 的玉米产量 ,超过当地平均产量 2 .7倍 ,钾肥配施可增产玉米 0 .83～ 2 .5 8t/hm2 ,增幅 8.81～ 2 6.80 % ,施钾肥产投比可达 5 .1～ 6.1。施钾肥后玉米的品质有明显的改善 ,试验认为N∶K2 O比为 10 0 :75～ 113 ,即施氮 (N ) 2 0 0kg/hm2 ,施钾 (K2 O) 15 0～ 2 2 5kg/hm2 为宜。     

氮钾肥配施对番茄幼苗生长及前期产量构成的影响

以尿素和硫酸钾为主要氮、钾肥料,以草炭和蛭石为育苗基质进行番茄育苗试验,研究分析了育苗基质中不同氮、钾肥料配施方案对番茄幼苗生长及其前期产量构成的影响,结果表明:番茄育苗过程中氮、钾肥料不同配比对番茄幼苗生长及前期产量存在显著影响,偏施氮肥或钾肥均可降低番茄出苗率、抑制番茄幼苗生长与干物质积累,氮、钾肥料合理配施可明显提高番茄幼苗素质,增加番茄前期开花数与座果数从而增加番茄前期产量,番茄基质育苗过程中氮、钾(N∶K2O)肥料最佳配比为1∶1.2。     

氮钾配施对大蒜增产效应的研究

1999～2001年连续三年多点试验结果表明:在安徽省来安县大蒜产区水稻土上氮钾配施对大蒜产量及品质都有明显的正效应,蒜苔增产24.2%～29.2%,蒜头增产17.3%～18.9%。氮钾肥的产量效应与土壤的氮钾水平和氮钾比例密切相关。氮肥的适宜用量为N300～375kg/hm2,钾肥为K2O150kg/hm2。回归方程计算显示,大蒜产区的土壤临界钾素含量为101μg/ml,氮素临界含量为46μg/ml(ASI法测定)。氮钾配施并能提高蒜苗、蒜苔维生素C及可溶性糖含量。增施钾肥对大蒜的经济效益明显提高,产投比为11.07～13.26。     

钾氮配施对生姜产量和养分吸收的影响研究

1999～2001年在安徽省生姜产区淮北平原砂姜黑土上,连续三年多点开展钾氮配施对生姜产量及养分吸收的影响研究。结果表明:钾氮配合施用可以大幅度提高生姜的产量,施钾增产14.9～58.5%,平均增产率为29.8%。增施氮肥的增产效率为负数,钾肥的增产效率在两种氮肥水平下都较高,高N条件下增加钾肥施用量可以极大地提高钾肥的增产效率。施用钾肥提高了生姜地上部茎叶含氮量及茎叶、姜块和全株P、K养分含量,对全株氮素含量影响不大。两种氮肥水平下,生姜地上部茎叶、块茎和全株的吸K、吸N、吸P量都是随着钾肥施用量的增加而提高。钾氮配施大幅度提高了土壤有效P、K含量,有利于保持和提高土壤肥力。     

氮钾配施对莴笋产量和品质的影响

通过盆栽试验,探讨了石灰性褐土上氮与钾肥配施对莴笋(Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish)产量和品质的影响。结果表明:单施适量氮肥对莴笋有一定的增产作用,但当每kg土氮用量超过0.30g时,反而导致减产。在施用氮肥的基础上配施钾肥,不仅能显著地提高莴笋产量,而且能明显减少施氮对品质造成的不利影响,氮、钾之间表现出良好的交互作用。     

钾氮配施对大蒜生长和养分吸收的影响

连续三年多点研究钾氮配施对大蒜生长及养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明:施用钾肥对大蒜的生长发育有明显的促进作用,三年试验平均,蒜苗、蒜苔和蒜头产量较不施钾的对照分别增长29.8~53.7%、30.4~39.7%和19.8~28.2%,平均增产42.9%、35.5%和24.1%。施用适量的氮钾肥提高了大蒜地上部茎叶含N量,大幅度增加茎叶、蒜苔、蒜头和全株P、K含量,改善大蒜植株的营养状况。两种氮肥水平下,大蒜地上部茎叶、蒜苔、蒜头和全株吸N、吸K及吸P量均随钾肥施用量的加大而提高。钾氮配施可促进磷素和钾素向蒜头的转移,从而提高P和K的再利用程度。     

不同氮水平下钾营养对大棚番茄产量及品质的影响

在不同氨水平下钾营养对大棚无土栽培番茄产量及品质的影响结果表明适当提高钾肥浓度,可提高番茄坐果率、产量．以及果实中Vc含量、可溶性糖和有机酸含量,并且果实硝酸盐含量和筋腐果发生率明显降低。但钾肥浓度过高,会使番茄产量、品质降低。氮钾配施十分重要,本试验以N     

江淮丘陵区水稻钾、氮吸收特性与施钾效应研究

江淮地区水稻田间小区施钾效应试验结果表明,施钾能明显提高水稻产量,改善水稻生育性状,在氮磷肥充足时,钾肥的增产效果极其显著。水稻钾吸收量明显以秸秆吸钾量为主,约为籽粒吸钾量的5倍。N来自土壤的数量为120.30 kg hm-2;K2O来自土壤的数量为72.83kg hm-2。NPK全素施钾处理吸钾总量平均高出NP处理48.79%,籽粒和秸秆分别平均增加9.21%和56.8%;说明钾吸收量增加对秸秆产量贡献明显小于对籽粒产量的贡献。除最高施钾量和不施氮处理外,其余处理均出现不同程度钾素亏缺,说明在不施氮肥或氮肥不足的情况下,水稻对肥料钾的吸收量也相应减少。本试验钾肥(K2O)产投比以NPK2处理最高为2.54。综上所述,本地区同等肥力土壤,水稻钾肥推荐用量为120kg hm-2,根据土壤钾素平衡状况,水稻施钾量可适当增加。     

淮北变性土区夏玉米对氮磷钾肥的响应特点研究

通过一系列的田间试验,研究了淮北变性土区夏玉米对氮、磷、钾的响应特点。结果表明:(1)玉米对氮肥反应十分敏感,施氮有极为显著的增产效果,一般可增产1倍以上。氮肥最佳用量在300 kg hm-2左右,分配比例以基肥和追肥各占50%的增产效果较好。氮肥追施时以“开穴深施”为宜,可提高其利用率;(2)玉米对钾肥反应较敏感,施钾一般增产15%左右,效果显著。钾肥适宜用量为90~180 kg hm-2,而且以基肥施入为宜;(3)玉米对磷肥反应不敏感,施磷增产效果不显著,但玉米仍表现为氮磷钾配合时产量最高。因此,提出“增氮、节磷、补钾”的玉米施肥原则。     

牛鞭草的平衡施肥技术研究

人工牧草的种植是近年来我国农业种植业结构调整的方向,长期以来,关于人工牧草种植的施肥技术研究相对缺乏。本文在铜仁地区德江县煎茶镇松溪村通过田间试验,研究了平衡施肥对牛鞭草产量、品质的影响。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥的合理施用能显著提高牛鞭草的产量,其增产效果以施氮>施钾>施磷。氮、钾肥的施用对牛鞭草品质的影响明显。综合各处理的产量和品质结果,N-P2O5-K2O 120-100-50kg hm-2可以作为铜仁地区旱耕地牛鞭草施肥的推荐方案。     

氮钾肥施用量对秋季大白菜产量和品质的影响

通过研究不同氮、钾肥用量对秋大白菜产量和品质的影响表明:本地区常年蔬菜地种植秋季大白菜,氮肥(纯N)施用量宜控制在300kg hm-2以下,钾肥(K2O)用量150~225kg hm-2,氮钾肥施用比例1:0.5~0.8;氮肥用量增加植株内的亚硝酸盐含量提高,钾肥用量增加可相应降低大白菜体内亚硝酸盐含量;Vc含量则是随着氮钾肥用量的增加而提高;氮钾肥用量对大白菜容重也有较大影响,决定了大白菜的商品性状。     

有机无机生物活性肥料对蔬菜作物生长及土壤生物活性的影响

田间试验结果表明 :施用有机无机生物活性肥料能明显提高蔬菜作物长势 ,提高甘蓝抗根腐病能力 ,有效提高甘蓝单球重 ,田间直观效果比较理想。等成本条件下可比习惯施肥、等量其它无机复混肥料增产 4.0 %以上 ,达显著水平。同时 ,施用有机无机生物活性肥料可明显改善根际土壤微生物区系 ,显著提高土壤酶活性 ,达到改良土壤、提高土壤肥力的目的。     

氮磷钾肥配施对不同品种大白菜硝酸盐累积的影响

通过采用二次饱和D-最优回归设计(311B方案),对氮磷钾肥配施与大白菜硝酸盐累积之间的关系进行研究,建立了能调控大白菜硝酸盐含量的施肥模型。分析表明,不同品种大白菜硝酸盐含量与施肥有很大关系,但品种间存在着较大的差异。在相同施肥处理下,绿星80大白菜硝酸盐含量略低于五福菜的硝酸盐含量。不同品种大白菜硝酸盐累积量和硝酸还原酶活性具有很大的相关性,可作为大白菜体内硝酸盐累积的一项指标。     

Insights from a text mining survey on Expert Systems research from 2000 to 2016

This study presents a literature analysis using a semiautomated text mining and topic modelling approach of the body of knowledge encompassed in 17 years (2000–2016) of literature published in the Wiley's Expert Systems journal, a key reference in Expert Systems (ESs) research, in a total of 488 research articles. The methodological approach included analysing countries from authors' affiliations, with results emphasizing the relevance of both U.S. and U.K. researchers, with Chinese, Turkish, and Spanish holding also a significant relevance. As a result of the sparsity found on the keywords, one of our goals became to devise a taxonomy for future submissions under 2 core dimensions: ESs' methods and ESs' applications. Finally, through topic modelling, data‐driven methods were unveiled as the most relevant, pairing with evaluation methods in its application to managerial sciences, arts, and humanities. Findings also show that most of the application domains are well represented, including health, engineering, energy, and social sciences.     

不同氮钾施用水平对番茄营养吸收和土壤养分变化的影响

以“辽园多丽”番茄为试材,在日光温室内桶栽条件下,研究不同氮钾水平对番茄养分吸收和土壤养分变化的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内,随着土壤中施氮量和施钾量的增多,番茄叶片和果实中含氮量、含钾量越高。说明氮、钾两种元素可互相促进彼此的吸收,但是,超过一定范围,会降低果实中氮素和钾素的比例。不同氮钾处理对植株磷素的吸收影响不大。土壤中增施钾肥在一定程度上抑制了番茄植株对钙素和镁素的吸收,土壤中氮素含量的高低对叶片中钙的吸收影响不大,土壤中适当氮水平可促进番茄叶片和果实中镁素的吸收和积累,施氮量过高则降低了果实中钙素、镁素的积累。随着土壤中氮肥和钾肥施入量的增多,土壤中碱解氮和速效钾的含量呈升高趋势,不同施钾水平条件下,中等钾素处理土壤中碱解氮含量较高。     

Computational analysis of Amsacrine resistance in human topoisomerase II alpha mutants (R487K and E571K) using homology modeling,docking and all-atom molecular dynamics simulation in explicit solvent

Amsacrine is an effective topoisomerase II enzyme inhibitor in acute lymphatic leukemia. Previous experimental studies have successfully identified two important mutations (R487K and E571K) conferring 100 and 25 fold resistance to Amsacrine respectively. Although the reduction of the cleavage ligand-DNA-protein ternary complex has been well thought as the major cause of drug resistance, the detailed energetic, structural and dynamic mechanisms remain to be elusive. In this study, we constructed human topoisomerase II alpha (hTop2α) homology model docked with Amsacrine based on crystal structure of human Top2β in complex with etoposide. This wild type complex was used to build the ternary complex with R487K and E571K mutants. Three 500 ns molecular dynamics simulations were performed on complex systems of wild type and two mutants. The detailed energetic, structural and dynamic analysis were performed on the simulation data. Our binding data indicated a significant impairment of Amsacrine binding energy in the two mutants compared with the wild type. The order of weakening (R487K > E571K) was in agreement with the order of experimental drug resistance fold (R489K > E571K). Our binding energy decomposition further indicated that weakening of the ligand-protein interaction rather than the ligand-DNA interaction was the major contributor of the binding energy difference between R487K and E571K. In addition, key residues contributing to the binding energy (ΔG) or the decrease of the binding energy (ΔΔG) were identified through the energy decomposition analysis. The change in ligand binding pose, dynamics of protein, DNA and ligand upon the mutations were thoroughly analyzed and discussed. Deciphering the molecular basis of drug resistance is crucial to overcome drug resistance using rational drug design.     

辽宁省大白菜育种的研究现状及展望

本文通过对辽宁省不同时期采用不同育种方法选育成的大白菜品种现状,从品种数量和品种质量方面,总结了不同时期的育种水平及存在问题。在此问题的基础上,提出了今后大白菜的育种方向及育种途径,同时提出了采用细胞工程技术和生物技术,从根本上改变大白菜的遗传组成,转育不同生态型核基因雄性不育系,解决制种中存在的问题,提高大白菜育种水平。     

Towards an analysis framework for investigating students' engagement and learning in educational blogs

Educational blogs are currently gaining in popularity in schools and higher education institutions, and they are widely promoted as collaborative tools supporting students' active learning. However, literature review on educational blogging revealed a lack of a complete and consistent framework for studying and assessing students' engagement and the impact of blogging on students' learning. This study reports on the application of an analysis framework for evaluating blogging learning activities, based on two well‐documented models, those of Community of Inquiry (CoI) and Social Network Analysis. The framework proposed is examined through an empirical study involving 21 K‐9 students, coming from two classes, in Greece. This investigation shed light into the different ways of students' engagement in a blog‐based project, namely their social and cognitive presence that supported the development of a CoI and learning. The results suggest that the students, through their different roles in the blog, achieved higher thinking and cognitive levels.     

基于用户行为分析的智能终端应用管理优化

随着智能终端的普及,涌现了多种多样的应用程序以满足用户需求.现有智能终端系统普遍使用基于LRU算法的Task killing机制管理后台应用程序,LRU算法只考虑了应用最近的使用情况,没有考虑用户使用习惯,可能导致后台应用程序被错误地终止,当用户切换回该应用程序时,会带来应用启动延迟增加、能耗增加、状态丢失等问题.本文设计并实现了一种基于贝叶斯网络的应用管理方法BNLP,并在Android移动终端上验证.该方法通过分析用户使用行为,预测后台应用程序即将被启动的概率,并据此进行应用管理.在LiveLab数据集上的实验表明,本文提出的BNLP模型相比于LRU算法应用程序重启率降低了17.2%,从而降低了延迟和能耗、提升了用户体验.     

The effects of prototype medium on usability testing

Inconsistencies among testing methods and results in previous research prompted this study that builds upon a systematic usability testing research framework to better understand how interface medium influences users' abilities to detect usability flaws in applications. Interface medium was tested to identify its effects on users' perceptions of usability and abilities to detect usability problems and severe usability problems. Results indicated that medium has no effect on users' abilities to detect usability problems or perceptions of usability. However, results did indicate an interaction between the medium and the tested application in which users were able to identify significantly more usability problems on a higher fidelity medium using a particular application. Results also indicated that as users' perceptions of an application's usability increases, the users are less able to detect usability problems in that application. Usability testing should begin early in the design process, even if low fidelity mediums will be used.