聚碳酸亚丙酯增韧聚乳酸研究

利用双螺杆挤出机研究了聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)对聚乳酸(PLA)的增韧效果.结果表明:PPC树脂对PLA有明显的增韧作用,但增韧的同时会引起PLA拉伸强度和维卡软化温度的降低,随PPC用量增加,冲击强度持续提高,而拉伸强度和维卡软化温度持续降低;PLA/PPC共混体系中加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)后,可提高两者的相容性,从而起到增韧的作用,随MDI用量增加,PLA/PPC共混物的冲击强度和拉伸强度呈现先增加后减小的趋势.     

植物油多元醇与L赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯原位单体反应型增韧聚乳酸

以可生物降解的植物油多元醇（HM10100）和L-赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯（LDI）作为反应性增韧单体,熔融共混过程中原位形成与聚乳酸（PLA）基体相容性良好、且分散均匀的交联聚氨酯弹性体增韧相,最终制备出一种新型全生物降解的增韧PLA材料,分别研究了2种反应型增韧单体总质量含量和它们之间异氰酸酯基团与羟基的等当量比（nNCO/nOH）对PLA共混物力学、结晶性能及冲击断面形貌的影响规律。结果表明,当2种增韧单体总含量为40 %（质量分数,下同）且nNCO/nOH =1:0.8时,共混物的缺口冲击强度最高,约为纯PLA的3.5倍;随着2种增韧单体总含量和官能团摩尔比的增加,共混物中PLA组分的冷结晶温度(Tcc)和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)增加。     

异氰酸酯改性PPC/PLA的研究

利用双螺杆挤出机研究了异氰酸酯对聚碳酸亚丙酯/聚乳酸(PPC/PLA)共混物的扩链改性效果。结果表明:随着异氰酸酯用量的增加,PPC/PLA共混物熔体流动速率呈下降的趋势,但不同异氰酸酯的影响程度不同,三苯基甲烷四异氰酸酯(DTTI)和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的扩链效率更高一些;随异氰酸酯用量增加,PPC/PLA共混物的悬臂梁冲击强度、拉伸强度、维卡软化温度均有明显增加,DTTI和硫代磷酸三苯基异氰酸酯(TTI)对PPC/PLA共混物的性能影响更明显。     

原位反应法制备聚乳酸/聚氨酯共混物及性能

以聚乳酸（PLA）、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇（PTMG）和液化4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（L-MDI）为原料,通过原位反应法制备了PLA/聚氨酯（PU）共混物,研究了PLA/PU共混物的反应原理、力学性能、断面形貌、动态流变性能以及结晶性能。结果表明,在原位反应中有微交联结构PU生成,且伴随着PLA的扩链和枝化反应;PLA/PU共混物的韧性得到显著提高,当PU含量为30 %（质量分数,下同）时,共混物的断裂伸长率、断裂韧性和缺口冲击强度分别达到230 %、134.13 MJ/m3和34.19 kJ/m2,较纯PLA分别增加了16.6、8.1和11.1倍,此时拉伸强度仍保持在较高水平（49.7 MPa）;纯PLA和PLA/PU共混物熔体均为假塑性流体,共混物具有更高的储能模量和复数黏度;PLA/PU共混物比纯PLA的结晶速率高,晶体完善程度高。     

胺端基型超支化乙二胺三嗪聚合物对PLA/PPC的增韧改性研究

以乙二胺和三聚氯氰作为原料,以丙酮为溶剂,通过“一步法”合成了胺端基型的超支化乙二胺三嗪聚合物(HBETP)。以HBETP作为改性剂,采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混和注射成型法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)共混物,并用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、 热失重分析仪(TGA)、电子万能试验机、扫描电字显微镜(SEM)等测试手段对共混物的热性能、力学性能以及断面形貌等进行表征与测试。结果表明,与PLA/PPC共混物相比,当HBETP含量为0.6份时,PLA/PPC/HBETP共混体系在保持拉伸强度基本不变的基础上,断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别提高了266.0 %和122.9 %;HBETP是一种增韧PLA/PPC共混物的有效助剂。     

聚碳酸亚丙酯与聚乳酸共混物性能及热分解动力学分析

采用溶液浇铸法制备了聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混物,通过力学性能测试、衰减全反射红外光谱分析、差示扫描量热分析和热失重分析研究了共混物的性能,并对共混物进行了热分解动力学研究。结果表明,随着PLA含量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度增大,断裂伸长率减小,PPC/PLA共混物的力学性能得到改善;随着PLA的含量从10%(质量分数,下同)增加到90%,共混物热失重10%所对应的温度(T-10%)从255℃逐渐增加到281℃,当PLA的含量分别为10%、50%和90%时,最大速率失重温度比纯PPC分别提高了3.45、15.51和41.58℃;采用Coats-Redfern法得出,PLA的加入能提高PPC的活化能,其中PLA含量为30%和50%时,共混物的活化能比纯PPC分别提高了12.72%和40.68%,说明PLA改善了PPC的热稳定性。     

正交试验法优化ACR增韧PLA的制备工艺

采用乳液聚合法制备了一系列核壳型增韧改性剂ACR并用于聚乳酸(PLA)的增韧。利用L16(45)正交试验设计方法,研究了ACR粒子的核壳比、粒径、用量以及交联剂用量对共混体系结构和性能的影响。结果得出增韧PLA的最佳工艺条件为:ACR核壳比75/25,粒径约185.0 nm,用量20%,交联剂用量0.5%。此时PLA/ACR共混物的冲击强度为29.128 kJ/m~2,约为纯PLA的11倍。极差分析结果表明,ACR用量和核壳比是影响增韧效果的主要因素。     

PLA/GMS/ACR共混体系的制备与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了由核壳结构丙烯酸酯类冲击改性剂(ACR)和增塑剂单硬脂酸甘油酯(GMS)增韧增塑改性的聚乳酸(PLA),固定GMS用量为20%,研究了ACR对PLA/GMS/ACR共混体系相容性、力学性能以及流变行为的影响。结果表明:ACR的壳层与PLA具有部分相容性;随着ACR用量的增加,PLA/GMS/ACR共混物的冲击强度先增大后减小,当ACR用量为10%时,共混物的冲击强度最大,为63.7 kJ/m~2,断裂伸长率最大达到100%,与PLA/GMS相比,PLA/GMS/ACR共混物的储能模量和复数黏度均随着ACR用量的增加而提高。     

马来酸酐接枝聚乳酸增容聚碳酸亚丙酯/聚乳酸共混体系的结构与性能研究

采用熔融接枝技术将马来酸酐(MAH)接枝到聚乳酸(PLA)上,制备不同MAH含量的PLA-g-MAH接枝共聚物,将聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)、PLA、PLA-g-MAH熔融共混,制备PPC/PLA/PLA-g-MAH共混物,分析接枝物中MAH含量对PPC/PLA/PLA-g-MAH共混体系的热学性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:PLA-g-MAH可以改善PPC与PLA二者的相容性,使PLA在降温过程中更容易结晶。引入接枝物后,共混物的起始分解温度及完全分解温度分别提高30℃和60℃。共混物的力学性能随着接枝物中MAH含量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当MAH的加入量为3%,共混体系力学性能最佳,冲击断面塑性形变程度更加显著,呈现褶皱状韧性断裂特征,拉伸强度达到42.8 MPa,断裂伸长率为120%左右,同时冲击强度最大。     

PBAT及增容剂含量对PLA/PBAT共混物结构和性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、扫描电子显微镜和差示扫描量热法分析,研究了聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)用量对聚乳酸(PLA)/PBAT共混物拉伸性能、微观结构和热性能的影响。结果表明:PBAT能显著改善PLA韧性,增韧效果与PBAT相尺寸及两相间相互作用有关。当m(PLA)∶m(PBAT)=80∶20时,PLA/PBAT共混物的断裂拉伸应变提高约8倍。自制接枝共聚物增容剂能显著改善PLA与PBAT的相容性,提高两相间的相互作用。接枝共聚物增容剂最佳用量为6phr时,共混物断裂拉伸应变提高1倍多。     

完全生物降解塑料PLA/PPC合金的结构与性能研究

利用机械共混法,将聚乳酸(PLA)与聚丙撑碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)熔融共混,制备了完全生物降解塑料PLA/PPC合金,并用FTIR、流变仪等手段研究了其结构、力学性能和流变性能。结果表明该共混体系具有良好的相容性、力学性能和熔体流动性,PLA与PPC之间存在着较强的相互作用,PPC的加入使体系拉伸强度下降幅度不大,断裂伸长率升高到23.8%,比纯PLA提高近20倍。共混体系的黏度亦随着PPC的加入逐渐增大,PLA/PPC(50/50)体系的黏流活化能为37.1kJ/mol,同时在一定的温度范围内,提高切应力也会使体系黏度下降。     

聚碳酸亚丙酯-聚乳酸共混熔纺纤维的制备与性能

以乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(ZeMac)作为反应性相容剂,利用熔融纺丝法制备了聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)-聚乳酸(PLA)共混纤维。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、差示扫描量热分析仪、纤维强伸度仪等分别研究了共混纤维的分子结构、热稳定性、相容性及力学性能。结果表明:PLA的引入较大地提高了PPC的力学性能,加入少量的ZeMac可以有效地改善PPC的热稳定性,同时也能够提高共混体系的相容性。当PPC-PLA与PPC-PLA-ZeMac体系组分质量比分别为70/30和70/30/0.7时,其抗拉强度分别为11.23 MPa和20.83 MPa,较未改性的PPC分别提高了6.5倍和12.1倍,同时还能保持较高的断裂伸长率。该项研究为完全可生物降解PPC熔融共混纤维的工业化提供了可能性。     

Mechanical,morphological, thermal properties and hydrolytic degradation behavior of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends prepared by solvent casting

The preparation of polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) blend films by using the solvent casting method is to improve the properties of pure PLA. The blends' mechanical and thermal properties, morphological as well as hydrolytic degradation behavior are evaluated. The tensile test proved that the increase of PPC from 0 wt% to 75 wt% could improve the elongation of pure PLA when the graph showed a significant increase of the elongation from 10% to 1000%. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) supported the significant increase in elongation of the blends when it shows a definite phase separation in 75/25 PLA/PPC, where 25% of PPC has formed islands in the PLA matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates the partial miscibility of the blends where two peaks of the glass transition temperature moved towards each other when the amount of PPC increases. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed a possible intermolecular interaction between two polymers, which affects the miscibility of the blends. Finally, the hydrolytic degradation test indicates that the degradation started from the PLA phase and the blends' degradation rate decrease as wt% of PPC increase.     

Toughening of polylactide via in situ formation of polyurethane crosslinked elastomer during reactive blending

Polylactide (PLA)/polyurethane (PU) composites were prepared by reactive blending method with in situ formation of PU particles via the reaction between polyester polyol (PPG) and toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI). The interfacial compatibility and adhesion between the PLA and PU phases were greatly improved by the reaction of the terminal hydroxyl groups of PLA and N?C?O groups of TDI forming graft copolymer, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The elongation at break and notch impact strength of PLA/PU composites increased considerably with increasing PU content, and the tensile strength of PLA/PU composites decreased slightly compared with that of pure PLA. Upon addition of 12 wt % PU, the elongation at break and notch impact strength increased to 175.17% and 10.96 kJ/m², respectively, about 27 times and 5.4 times greater than the corresponding values for the pure PLA. The tensile strength decreased only slightly to 48.65 MPa. The excellent interfacial adhesion, the dispersed PU elastomeric particles acting as stress concentration areas, and the triggering of large matrix shear yield as well as many fibrils by internal cavitation were the main mechanical toughening mechanisms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44383.     

丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯乳液的合成及胶膜性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚碳酸酯二醇（PCDL）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）三乙胺（TEA）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为原料,采用原位乳液聚合法制备水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯（WPUA）复合乳液。考察了聚氨酯（PU ）含量、m(MMA):m(BA)、初始-NCO与-OH物质的量之比等因素对WPUA复合乳液及其胶膜性能的影响。结果显示,当w(PU)质量分数为80%、初始n(-NCO):n(-OH)=6.0、w(DMPA)=5%、m(MMA):m(BA)=4:6时,所得WPUA乳液性能稳定,其胶膜吸水率降低至9.80%,相比较未改性的聚氨酯胶膜的吸水率24.75%,其吸水率降低了60.4%;改性胶膜的拉伸强度达到28.9MPa,是未改性聚氨酯胶膜的1.53倍,制备出了性能稳定、具有优异耐水性和物理机械性能的WPUA复合乳液。     

聚乳酸增韧改性研究

通过熔融共混法制备了通用注塑级聚乳酸(PLA)材料,研究了刚性粒子种类,增韧剂种类和协同增韧等对PLA力学性能的影响,同时通过控制扩链剂的添加量有效地对注塑级PLA的熔体流动速率(MFR)进行控制。结果表明:协同增韧剂对PLA有较好的增韧效果,冲击强度从3.5 kJ/m2提高到15 kJ/m2,是单一增韧剂的2.5倍。通过引入扩链剂,得到一系列不同MFR的注塑级PLA材料,满足不同的工业化产品需求。     

Influence of the morphology and viscoelasticity on the thermomechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane blends compatibilized with ethylene-ester copolymer

Viscoelastic, interfacial properties, and morphological data were employed to predict the thermal and mechanical properties of compatibilized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends. The combination of interfacial thickness measured by contact angle and entanglement density determined by dynamical mechanical analysis analyze data was employed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of PLA/TPU blends with and without ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EBG) compatibilization agent. The PLA/TPU blend (70/30 wt %) was prepared in a Haake internal mixer at 190 °C and compatibilized with different contents of EBG. The evaluation of the interfacial properties revealed an increase in the interfacial layer thickness of the PLA/TPU blend with EBG. The scanning electronic microscopy images showed a drastic reduction in the size of the dispersed phase by increasing the compatibilizer agent EBG content in the blend. The compatibilization of the PLA/TPU blends improved both the Izod impact strength and yield stress by 38 and 33%, respectively, in comparison with neat PLA/TPU blend. The addition of EBG into PLA/TPU blends significantly increased the entanglement density and the PLA toughening but resulted in a decrease of PLA deformation at break. The PLA and TPU glass transitions were affected by the EBG, suggesting that the PLA and TPU domains were partially miscible. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48926.     

Toughening of poly(propylene carbonate) by hyperbranched poly(ester‐amide) via hydrogen bonding interaction

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) is a biodegradable alternative copolymer of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide. As an amorphous polymer with lower glass transition temperature around 35 °C, PPC shows poor mechanical performance in that it becomes brittle below 20 °C and its dimensional stability deteriorates above 40 °C; thus toughening of PPC is urgently needed. Here we describe a biodegradable hyperbranched poly(ester‐amide) (HBP) that is suitable for this purpose. Compared with pure PPC, the PPC/HBP blend with 2.5 wt% HBP loading showed a 51 °C increase in thermal decomposition temperature and a 100% increase in elongation at break, whilst the corresponding tensile strength remained as high as 45 MPa and tensile modulus showed no obvious decrease. Crazing as well as cavitation was observed in the scanning electron microscopy images of the blends, which provided good evidence for the toughening mechanism of PPC. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis proved to be the reason for the toughening phenomenon. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry