非热等离子体协同Mn-Ce/La/γ-Al2O3催化剂去除甲苯

采用自制线管式介质阻挡放电反应器,针对非热等离子体协同Mn-Ce/La/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对低浓度甲苯的去除开展研究。研究中制备了Mn/γ-Al₂O₃、Mn-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃、Mn-La/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,从甲苯去除率、产物O₃生成、CO_x选择性及其他副产物生成情况考察比较了空管放电、协同催化剂放电时催化降解甲苯性能,并对催化剂进行了BET、SEM、H₂-TPR和ICP-OES表征研究。结果表明：稀土助剂的加入有助于提高甲苯去除率及降低程度,且La催化性能优于Ce_.,当外加电压22 kV、气量6 L·min^-1、甲苯初始浓度600 mg·m^-3时,Mn-La/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对甲苯去除率达到72.74%。H₂-TPR结果表明,稀土助剂的加入提高了催化剂低温活性及储氧能力,添加La的效果优于Ce。催化剂有助于抑制副产物O₃生成,提高CO₂和CO_x选择性。     

Combination of non-thermal plasma and heterogeneous catalysis for oxidation of volatile organic compounds: Part 3. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of plasma-treated porous alumina

The effect of plasma processes inside the intra-particle volume of porous materials (especially Al₂O₃) was studied in order to evaluate the potential of the combination of non-thermal plasma (NTP) and in situ heterogeneous catalysis (plasma catalysis), for the improvement of efficiency and selectivity towards total oxidation of organic pollutants in gas cleaning applications. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was applied as an appropriate method to detect both the formation of radical species by the NTP as well as the initiation of structural changes to the catalyst.

The presence of paramagnetic oxygen or hydroxyl species (O⁻, O₂⁻ or OH) could not be detected by EPR spectroscopy. The observed signal was not significantly influenced either by the type of atmosphere present during NTP treatment or by applying reducing agents to the sample after plasma treatment.

However, by using non-porous and porous alumina (- and γ-Al₂O₃) as model catalysts, the effect of NTP modifying the surface structure in the interior of a porous material could be clearly demonstrated. A paramagnetic species probably related to an AlOO aluminium peroxyl group was formed by NTP processes independently of the oxygen content of the gas atmosphere. It was not formed when the alumina sample was positioned in the off-gas flow of a plasma reactor, i.e. used in the post-treatment mode.

The structure of the paramagnetic site was investigated by employing several spectroscopic tools (X- and Q-band EPR, electron spin echo envelope modulation [ESEEM] and EPR measurements after pre-deuteration).     

ZrOCl_2-H_2SO_4/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及对1-丁烯齐聚反应的催化性能

以γ-Al_2O_3为载体,负载Zr OCl_2和H_2SO_4制备Zr OCl_2-H_2SO_4/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,并用于1-丁烯齐聚反应。采用气相色谱在线分析,确定产物组成,考察制备条件对催化剂催化活性的影响,通过1-丁烯转化率和主产物选择性确定适宜的反应条件。结果表明,在Zr OCl_2和H_2SO_4负载质量分数为4.5%和焙烧温度500℃条件下制备的催化剂,在反应温度140℃、1-丁烯液时空速2 h-1和N2分压1.4 MPa条件下,表现出较好的催化活性,1-丁烯转化率96.77%,产物以二聚体(C8)为主,选择性85.99%。该催化剂失活后容易再生,且催化活性良好,1-丁烯转化率92.73%,C8选择性86.73%。     

NO reduction by CH4 in the presence of O2 over La2O3 supported on Al2O3

Dispersing La₂O₃ on δ- or γ-Al₂O₃ significantly enhances the rate of NO reduction by CH₄ in 1% O₂, compared to unsupported La₂O₃. Typically, no bend-over in activity occurs between 500° and 700°C, and the rate at 700°C is 60% higher than that with a Co/ZSM-5 catalyst. The final activity was dependent upon the La₂O₃ precursor used, the pretreatment, and the La₂O₃ loading. The most active family of catalysts consisted of La₂O₃ on γ-Al₂O₃ prepared with lanthanum acetate and calcined at 750°C for 10 h. A maximum in rate (mol/s/g) and specific activity (mol/s/m²) occurred between the addition of one and two theoretical monolayers of La₂O₃ on the γ-Al₂O₃ surface. The best catalyst, 40% La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, had a turnover frequency at 700°C of 0.05 s⁻¹, based on NO chemisorption at 25°C, which was 15 times higher than that for Co/ZSM-5. These La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts exhibited stable activity under high conversion conditions as well as high CH₄ selectivity (CH₄ + NO vs. CH₄ + O₂). The addition of Sr to a 20% La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ sample increased activity, and a maximum rate enhancement of 45% was obtained at a SrO loading of 5%. In contrast, addition of SO⁼₄ to the latter Sr-promoted La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst decreased activity although sulfate increased the activity of Sr-promoted La₂O₃. Dispersing La₂O₃ on SiO₂ produced catalysts with extremely low specific activities, and rates were even lower than with pure La₂O₃. This is presumably due to water sensitivity and silicate formation. The La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts are anticipated to show sufficient hydrothermal stability to allow their use in certain high-temperature applications.     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over differently structured vanadia-based catalysts in the presence of O2 and N2O

The effect of the nature and distribution of VO_x species over amorphous and well-ordered (MCM-41) SiO₂ as well as over γ-Al₂O₃ on their performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with O₂ and N₂O was studied using in situ UV–vis, ex situ XRD and H₂-TPR analysis in combination with steady-state catalytic tests. As compared to the alumina support, differently structured SiO₂ supports stabilise highly dispersed surface VO_x species at higher vanadium loading. These species are more selective over the latter materials than over V/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts. This finding was explained by the difference in acidic properties of silica- and alumina-based supports. C₃H₆ selectivity over V/γ-Al₂O₃ materials is improved by covering the support fully with well-dispersed VO_x species. Additionally, C₃H₆ selectivity over all materials studied can be tuned by using an alternative oxidising agent (N₂O). The improving effect of N₂O on C₃H₆ selectivity is related to the lower ability of N₂O for catalyst reoxidation resulting in an increase in the degree of catalyst reduction, i.e. spatial separation of active lattice oxygen in surface VO_x species. Such separation favours selective oxidation over CO_x formation.     

Lean reduction of NO by C3H6 over Ag/alumina derived from Al2O3, AlOOH and Al(OH)3

The effectiveness of Ag/Al₂O₃ catalyst depends greatly on the alumina source used for preparation. A series of alumina-supported catalysts derived from AlOOH, Al₂O₃, and Al(OH)₃ was studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, O₂, NO + O₂-temperature programmed desorption (TPD), H₂-temperature programmed reduction (TPR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and activity test, with a focus on the correlation between their redox properties and catalytic behavior towards C₃H₆-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO reaction. The best SCR activity along with a moderated C₃H₆ conversion was achieved over Ag/Al₂O₃ (I) employing AlOOH source. The high density of Ag–O–Al species in Ag/Al₂O₃ (I) is deemed to be crucial for NO selective reduction into N₂. By contrast, a high C₃H₆ conversion simultaneously with a moderate N₂ yield was observed over Ag/Al₂O₃ (II) prepared from a γ-Al₂O₃ source. The larger particles of Ag_mO (m > 2) crystallites were believed to facilitate the propene oxidation therefore leading to a scarcity of reductant for SCR of NO. An amorphous Ag/Al₂O₃ (III) was obtained via employing a Al(OH)₃ source and 500 °C calcination exhibiting a poor SCR performance similar to that for Ag-free Al₂O₃ (I). A subsequent calcination of Ag/Al₂O₃ (III) at 800 °C led to the generation of Ag/Al₂O₃ (IV) catalyst yielding a significant enhancement in both N₂ yield and C₃H₆ conversion, which was attributed to the appearance of γ-phase structure and an increase in surface area. Further thermo treatment at 950 °C for the preparation of Ag/Al₂O₃ (V) accelerated the sintering of Ag clusters resulting in a severe unselective combustion, which competes with SCR of NO reaction. In view of the transient studies, the redox properties of the prepared catalysts were investigated showing an oxidation capability of Ag/Al₂O₃ (II and V) > Ag/Al₂O₃ (IV) > Ag/Al₂O₃ (I) > Ag/Al₂O₃ (III) and Al₂O₃ (I). The formation of nitrate species is an important step for the deNO_x process, which can be promoted by increasing O₂ feed concentration as evidenced by NO + O₂-TPD study for Ag/Al₂O₃ (I), achieving a better catalytic performance.     

Carbon formation and its influence on ethanol steam reforming over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts

Ethanol steam reforming was studied over Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The effect of support (- and γ-Al₂O₃), metal loading and a comparison between conventional H₂ reduction with an activation method employing a CH₄/O₂ mixture was investigated. The properties of catalysts were studied by N₂ physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). After activity tests, the catalysts were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). Ni supported on γ-Al₂O₃ was more active for H₂ production than the catalyst supported on -Al₂O₃. Metal loading did not affect the catalytic performance. The alternative activation method with CH₄/O₂ mixture affected differently the activity and stability of the Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ and the Ni/-Al₂O₃ catalyst. This activation method increased significantly the stability of Ni/-Al₂O₃ compared to H₂ reduction. SEM and TG/DTA analysis indicate the formation of filamentous carbon during the CH₄/O₂ activation step, which is associated with the increasing catalyst activity and stability. The effect of temperature on the type of carbon formed was investigated; indicating that filamentous coke increased activity while encapsulating coke promoted deactivation. A discussion about carbon formation and the influence on the activity is presented.     

Study of Ag/La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 catalysts for complete oxidation of methanol and ethanol at low concentrations

Ag-modified La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃-based catalysts with the perovskite-type structure were prepared by using a citric acid sol–gel method, and their catalytic performance for complete oxidation of methanol and ethanol was evaluated and compared with that of the γ-Al₂O₃-supported catalysts, Ag/γ-Al₂O₃, Pt/γ-Al₂O₃, and Pd/γ-Al₂O₃. The results showed that the Ag-modified La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃-based catalysts with the perovskite-type structure displayed the activity significantly higher than that of the supported precious metal catalysts, 0.1%Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ and 0.1%Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ in the temperature range of 370–573 K. Over a 6%Ag/20%La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, the T₉₅ temperature for methanol oxidation can be as low as 413 K. Even at such low reaction temperature, there were little HCHO and CO detected in the reaction exit-gas. However, for the 0.1%Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ and 0.1%Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts, the HCHO content in the reaction exit-gas reached 200 and 630 ppm at their T₉₅ temperatures. Over a 6%Ag/La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃ catalyst, the T₉₅ temperature for ethanol oxidation can be as low as 453 K, with a corresponding content of CH₃CHO in the exit-gas at 782 ppm; when ethanol oxidation is performed at 493 K, the content of acetaldehyde in the exit-gas can be below 1 ppm. Characterization of the catalysts by X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, XPS, laser Raman spectra (LRS), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and oxygen temperature-programmed desorption (O₂-TPD) methods revealed that both the surface and the bulk phase of the perovskite La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃ played important roles in the catalytic oxidation of the alcohols, and that γ-Al₂O₃ as the bottom carrier could be beneficial in creating a large surface area of catalyst. Moreover, a small amount of Ag⁺ doped onto the surface of La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃ was able to partially occupy the positions of La³⁺ and Sr²⁺ due to their similar ionic radii, and thus, became stabilized by the perovskite lattice, which would be in favor of preventing the aggregation of the Ag species on the surface and enhancing the stability of the catalyst. On the other hand, modification of the Ag⁺ to the surface of La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃ resulted in an increase in relative content of the surface O₂²⁻/O⁻ species highly reactive toward the alcohols and aldehydes as well as CO. Besides, solution of low-valence metal oxides SrO and Ag₂O with proper amounts in the lattice of the trivalent metal perovskite-type oxide LaMnO₃ would also lead to an increase in the content of the reducible Mnⁿ⁺ and the formation of anionic vacancies, which would be favorable for the adsorption-activation of oxygen on the functioning catalyst and the transport of the lattice and surface oxygen species. All these factors would contribute to the pronounced improvement of the catalyst performance.     

Pt/Pt-Ce/γ-Al2O3催化氧化甲苯研究

通过等体积浸渍法制备单贵金属Pt/γ-Al₂O₃和双金属Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察Ce对催化剂活性的影响,确定催化剂最优配比。结果表明,当Pt的负载量为质量分数0.5%时,Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化活性最高;当Pt的负载量为质量分数0.2%,Ce的负载量为质量分数1.0%时,Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的催化活性最高。Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的甲苯转化率高于Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。随着Pt负载量增大,催化剂孔容、孔径减小。粉体式催化剂性能优于整体式催化剂,但差别不大;Ce的添加有助于催化剂活性的提升。     

Performance and characterization of Ru/Al2O3 and Ru/SiO2 catalysts modified with Mn for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Mn effect and characterization on γ-Al₂O₃-, -Al₂O₃- and SiO₂-supported Ru catalysts were investigated for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis under pressurized conditions. In the slurry phase Fischer–Tropsch reaction, γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts showed higher performance on CO conversion and C₅⁺ selectivity than -Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ catalysts. Moreover, Ru/Mn/γ-Al₂O₃ exhibited high resistance to catalyst deactivation and other catalysts were deactivated during the reaction. From characterization results on XRD, TPR, TEM, XPS and pore distribution, Ru particles were clearly observed over the catalysts, and γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts showed a moderate pore and particle size such as 8 nm, where -Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ showed highly dispersed ruthenium particles. The addition of Mn to γ-Al₂O₃ enhanced the removal of chloride from RuCl₃, which can lead to the formation of metallic Ru with moderate particle size, which would be an active site for Fischer–Tropsch reaction. Concomitantly, manganese chloride is formed. These schemes can be assigned to the stable nature of Ru/Mn/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst.     

催化剂上丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯

以浸渍法制备VMo/γ-Al₂O₃和VMoMg/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察其催化丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯的反应活性,采用XRD、UV-Vis DRS和In suit IR对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,V负载质量分数为3%、Mo负载质量分数为7%时的3V7Mo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂表现出较好的催化性能;添加Mg后催化剂的催化性能有所改善,反应温度500 ℃时,丙烷转化率为18.19%,丙烯选择性74.76%。丙烷和丙烯在3V7Mo/γ-Al₂O₃和3V₇Mo₄Mg/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上吸附后,C—H键的H与催化剂活性中心的晶格氧发生作用形成H—O键,且3V₇Mo₄Mg/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上出现C—O键的温度比3V₇Mo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂高,表明加入Mg有利于提高丙烯选择性。     

η-Al2O3与γ-Al2O3在CS2催化水解反应中的性能比较

通过制备高纯度的前驱体湃铝石获得了η-Al₂O₃材料,采用XRD验证了η-Al₂O₃与γ-Al₂O₃在晶相结构上的差异,比较了两者的表面形貌、织构及酸碱性能,结果显示,η-Al₂O₃与γ-Al₂O₃的比表面积相当,但η-Al₂O₃具有更弱的弱碱位和较少的强碱位,并拥有丰富的中等强度酸性位。将η-Al₂O₃与γ-Al₂O₃作为催化剂应用于CS₂水解反应,结果表明,在(200~450) ℃测试温度范围内,η-Al₂O₃催化剂对CS₂的水解活性始终优于γ-Al₂O₃,两种催化剂上CS₂反应的浓度效应也明显不同,推测与它们的酸碱性质影响了对CS₂的吸附能力有关,导致两者催化CS₂水解反应遵循了不同的机制。     

CeO2改性Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上顺酐加氢制备丁二酸酐

采用等体积浸渍法制备CeO₂改性Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,通过BET、XRD、H₂-TPR和SEM等对催化剂结构及物化性能进行表征,考察Ni-CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对顺酐催化加氢制备丁二酸酐催化性能的影响。结果表明,引入适量CeO₂可提高催化剂活性组分Ni的分散度,增加催化剂比表面积,提高催化剂热稳定性。采用负载CeO₂质量分数5%的Ni-CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,在反应温度120 ℃、反应压力2.0 MPa和空速0.6 h^-1条件下,顺酐转化率为99.5%,丁二酸酐选择性为99.4%。     

The role of lanthana loading on the catalytic properties of Pd/Al2O3-La2O3 in the NO reduction with H2

The role of La₂O₃ loading in Pd/Al₂O₃-La₂O₃ prepared by sol–gel on the catalytic properties in the NO reduction with H₂ was studied. The catalysts were characterized by N₂ physisorption, temperature-programmed reduction, differential thermal analysis, temperature-programmed oxidation and temperature-programmed desorption of NO.

The physicochemical properties of Pd catalysts as well as the catalytic activity and selectivity are modified by La₂O₃ inclusion. The selectivity depends on the NO/H₂ molar ratio (GHSV = 72,000 h⁻¹) and the extent of interaction between Pd and La₂O₃. At NO/H₂ = 0.5, the catalysts show high N₂ selectivity (60–75%) at temperatures lower than 250 °C. For NO/H₂ = 1, the N₂ selectivity is almost 100% mainly for high temperatures, and even in the presence of 10% H₂O vapor. The high N₂ selectivity indicates a high capability of the catalysts to dissociate NO upon adsorption. This property is attributed to the creation of new adsorption sites through the formation of a surface PdO_x phase interacting with La₂O₃. The formation of this phase is favored by the spreading of PdO promoted by La₂O₃. DTA shows that the phase transformation takes place at temperatures of 280–350 °C, while TPO indicates that this phase transformation is related to the oxidation process of PdO: in the case of Pd/Al₂O₃ the O₂ uptake is consistent with the oxidation of PdO to PdO₂, and when La₂O₃ is present the O₂ uptake exceeds that amount (1.5 times). La₂O₃ in Pd catalysts promotes also the oxidation of Pd and dissociative adsorption of NO mainly at low temperatures (<250 °C) favoring the formation of N₂.     

Interactions NO—CO and O2—NO—CO on CuCo2O4/γ-Al2O3 and on γ-Al2O3- and CuCo2O4/γ-Al2O3-supported Pt, Rh and Pt—Rh catalysts, a transient response study

The interactions NO—CO and O₂—NO—CO have been studied onCuCo₂O₄γ-Al₂O₃ and on γ-Al₂O₃- and CuCo₂O₄γ-Al₂O₃-supported Pt, Rh and Pt—Rh catalysts. The deposition of noble metals (Pt, Rh and Pt—Rh) on CuCo₂O₄γ-Al₂O₃ instead of γ-Al₂O₃ is beneficial in: lowering the temperature at which maximum N₂O is formed and decreasing the maximum N₂O concentration attained; lowering the onset temperature of NO to N₂ reduction, and increasing the N₂ selectivity; preserving the activity towards NO to N₂ reduction on a higher level following the concentration step NO + COO₂+ NO + CO and changing the conditions from stoichiometric to oxidizing (50% excess of oxidants). The reason for this behaviour of the CuCo₂O₄γ-Al₂O₃-based noble metal catalysts is the formation (reversible) of a reduced surface layer on the CuCo₂O₄ supported spinel under the conditions of a stoichiometric NO + CO mixture.     

制备条件对NiMo/γ-Al2O3催化剂上萘加氢生成四氢萘的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备加氢催化剂NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃,在悬浮床上考察不同的制备条件下NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃对萘加氢生成四氢萘的影响。结果表明,催化剂的制备条件对加氢活性有显著的影响,NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的最佳制备条件为共浸渍法负载金属组分Ni和Mo,在500 ℃的温度下焙烧4 h。此条件下制备的催化剂上四氢萘的选择性高达95.2%。     

A comparative study of the partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde on bulk and silica supported MoO3 and V2O5 catalysts

The mechanism of the partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde with O₂ has been investigated on bulk and differently loaded silica supported (4–7 wt%) MoO₃ and (5–50 wt%) V₂O₅ catalysts at 600–650°C in a pulse reactor connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The reaction rate and product distribution in the presence and in the absence of gas-phase O₂ have been evaluated. On bare SiO₂, low and medium loaded silica supported MoO₃ and V₂O₅ catalysts the reaction proceeds via a concerted mechanism involving the activation of gas-phase oxygen on the reduced sites of the catalyst surface as proved by the direct correlation between catalytic activity and density of reduced sites evaluated in steady-state conditions, while on highly loaded catalysts as well as on bulk MoO₃ and V₂O₅ the reaction rate drops dramatically and the reaction pathway via redox mechanism becomes predominant. The results indicate that the surface mechanism is essentially more effective than the redox mechanism enabling also a higher selectivity to HCHO.     

Catalytic oxidation of naphthalene using a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst

Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are listed as carcinogenic and mutagenic priority pollutants, belonging to the environmental endocrine disrupters. Most PAHs in the environment stem from the atmospheric deposition and diesel emission. Consequently, the elimination of PAHs in the off-gases is one of the priority and emerging challenges. Catalytic oxidation has been widely used in the destruction of organic compounds due to its high efficiency (or conversion of reactants), its economic benefits and good applicability.

This study investigates the application of the catalytic oxidation using Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts to decompose PAHs and taking naphthalene (the simplest and least toxic PAH) as a target compound. It studies the relationships between conversion, operating parameters and relevant factors such as treatment temperatures, catalyst sizes and space velocities. Also, a related reaction kinetic expression is proposed to provide a simplified expression of the relevant kinetic parameters.

The results indicate that the Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst used accelerates the reaction rate of the decomposition of naphthalene and decreases the reaction temperature. A high conversion (over 95%) can be achieved at a moderate reaction temperature of 480 K and space velocity below 35,000 h⁻¹. Non-catalytic (thermal) oxidation achieves the same conversion at a temperature beyond 1000 K. The results also indicate that Rideal–Eley mechanism and Arrhenius equation can be reasonably applied to describe the data by using the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic equation with activation energy of 149.97 kJ/mol and frequency factor equal to 3.26 × 10¹⁷ s⁻¹.     

Catalytic decomposition of N2O over CeO2 promoted Co3O4 spinel catalyst

A series of CeO₂ promoted cobalt spinel catalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation method and tested for the decomposition of nitrous oxide (N₂O). Addition of CeO₂ to Co₃O₄ led to an improvement in the catalytic activity for N₂O decomposition. The catalyst was most active when the molar ratio of Ce/Co was around 0.05. Complete N₂O conversion could be attained over the CoCe0.05 catalyst below 400 °C even in the presence of O₂, H₂O or NO. Methods of XRD, FE-SEM, BET, XPS, H₂-TPR and O₂-TPD were used to characterize these catalysts. The analytical results indicated that the addition of CeO₂ could increase the surface area of Co₃O₄, and then improve the reduction of Co³⁺ to Co²⁺ by facilitating the desorption of adsorbed oxygen species, which is the rate-determining step of the N₂O decomposition over cobalt spinel catalyst. We conclude that these effects, caused by the addition of CeO₂, are responsible for the enhancement of catalytic activity of Co₃O₄.     

Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3的CO氧化性能

采用柠檬酸络合法制备一系列不同铜铈比的Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,用XRD、H2-TPR对其进行表征,采用连续固定床微反装置对Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂CO催化氧化活性进行评价。结果表明,Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的XRD图谱中除归属于γ-Al_2O_3的晶相峰外,还出现CuO和CeO_2的晶相峰。高温水热引起活性组分CeO_2的晶粒聚集、长大和尖晶石结构CuAl2O4物质的生成;CuO-CeO_2之间的共生共存与相互作用,使得Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂中具有非完整结构的[Cu2+1-xCu+x][O1-12x12x]增多,Cu+离子和氧空位增多,有利于其H2-TPR还原峰温度向低温区偏移,有利于提高其CO的催化氧化活性,使得Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的TCO50和TCO90降低。Cu与Ce物质的量比为5∶5制备的Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3-55催化剂的TCO50和TCO90分别降至最低的162℃和199℃,表明此时的Cu-Ce-O协同效应最佳;CuO-CeO_2二相的共生共存与相互作用有利于减少高温水热环境下活性组分的聚集和晶粒长大,有利于Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂能够保持较高的CO催化氧化活性。