发挥行业协会作用 促进职业教育发展

我国职业教育的发展存在很多问题，最核心的问题是职业教育与社会需求不相适应．最直接表现是无论数量、质量，还是结构都不能满足劳动力市场的旺盛需求。国内外的经验都表明．职业教育必须在政府的宏观调控下，充分发挥行业协会的作用，以行业为依托，走实质性校企合作的道路，但这正是我国职业教育最大的不足。分析职业教育中存在的问题及原因．认识到必须发挥行业协会在职业教育中的作用，促进职业教育发展。     

基于政府主导的发展职业教育问题研究

发展职业教育是将我国巨大的人口压力转化为人力资源优势,落实科教兴国和人才强国战略,提升综合国力、提高国民素质、构建和谐社会的重要途径.职业教育伴随科技进步与经济发展而产生,其发展离不开政府的大力支持.在此过程中,政府必须为职教发展把握方向、制定政策、规范运作,承担更多的责任.     

低碳经济与政府作用分析

低碳经济作为一种新的经济发展模式,以全新的理念变革着经济社会发展方式.由于其追求资源节约、环境保护等外部效应与具有"经济人"特征的市场主体目标的背离,引发了市场失灵,造成低碳经济发展动力的不足.在此背景下,研究低碳经济发展与政府作用的内在关系,准确定位政府角色,提出了规划指导、宣传教育、立法保障、制度强化、政策引导和带头示范等发挥政府作用促进中国低碳经济发展的政策建议,以期为政府职能部门决策提供理论支撑.     

立足市场进行专业建设是职业教育发展的必由之路

职业教育要健康可持续发展,关键在专业建设,而专业建设又应以市场为前提,即以市场的需求,社会的需要为发展的方向,这已为职业教育的实践所证明.本文结合我院发展的实践,着重阐述市场调研、市场需求、市场预测、市场调整改造与职业院校专业建设的关系,为职业教育的健康可持续发展作有益的探索.     

贯彻《职业教育法》 开拓职教新局面

《职业教育法》的颁布和实施，是教育战线，特别是职业教育战线的一件大事，它将对我国职业教育的进一步发展起到巨大的推动作用，促使各级政府和从事职业教育的工作人员能依法办教、以法兴教，更好地发挥职业教育在现代化建设中的积极作用。     

政府低效率的表现、成因及对策刍议——基于公共选择理论的分析

政府效率是衡量政府管理质量的一个重要指标,是政府一切管理行为的生命线.故,政府效率构成了公共行政领域的重要研究课题之一.本文深入探讨政府效率低下问题,在描述其表现、阐释其成因的基础上,积极探寻祛除政府低效率弊病的良方,这对我国政府一定程度上存在的低效率问题提供有利的启示和借鉴.     

中职英语课程改革的思考——英语课堂中职业教育的渗透

职业教育倡导以工作过程为导向的课程改革,对应到英语课堂中,主要是若干个目标任务的完成.因此,英语课堂上如何设置目标任务,如何在完成任务过程中渗透职业教育就显得尤为重要.随着市场经济的发展和竞争的加剧,差异性和特质性已成为人力市场追求的东西,现在社会需要的是具有独立思考和创新能力、解决实际问题的能力及团结合作精神的人.因此,笔者始终牢记以工作过程为导向,以学生发展为本,力争每位学生通过英语课堂的学习能在各方面(即语言知识、能力和情感方面)均有所提高.本文以导游英语口语课Traveling by Air 为例,讨论中职英语课堂教学中职业教育渗透这一问题.     

职业教育与德育教学质量探析

职业教育是我国教育体系的重要构成部分,培养了一大批国家经济建设的人才、对加快我国经济的发展具有不可替代的意义.社会经济的极速发展影响着职业教育的调整、改革和发展.发展职业教育,必须努力加强职业教育与德育教学质量为前提和保证,教育是学生成为人才的保证,德育是学生成为人才的方向.要提高职业教育的教学质量,必须做到了解职业教育改革的方向,把握职业教育教材建设的内涵,掌握职业教育学生水平的现状,加强职业道德和社会责任的培养,不断改进教育教学方法等等.     

金融危机背景下的农村职业教育发展

金融危机给我国劳动密集型产业带来较大冲击,我国一些沿海地区出现农民工因失业大量返乡的现象.这样的经济环境给社会许多方面带来挑战,可是对于农村职业教育却是发展的机遇.面对机遇,我们应该从农村职业教育的内部和外部双管齐下;一方面,加强政府对其的投入和政策保障机制;另一方面,对农村职业教育的课程内容及形式进行调整.让农村职业教育为社会的城镇化进程作出贡献.     

贯彻《职业教育法》 开拓职教新局面

《职业教育法》的颁布和实施,是教育战线,特别是职业教育战线的一件大喜事,她将对我国职业教育的进一步发展起到巨大的推动作用,她将使各级政府和从事职业教育的工作人员能依法办教,以法兴教,更好地发挥职业教育在现代化建设中的积极作用。     

Review of Vocational evaluation, work adjustment, and independent living for severely disabled people.

Reviews the book, Vocational evaluation, work adjustment, and independent living for severely disabled people by Robert A. Lassiter, Martha Hughes Lassiter, Richard E. Hardy, J. William Underwood, and John G. Cull (1983). This book is composed of 31 short chapters, apparently divided into four separate sections. In just over 400 pages, vocational evaluation, work adjustment, and independent living for severely disabled people are examined. The title of this book leads the reader to assume that vocational evaluation, work adjustment, and independent living will be examined as three equally important but separate and distinct topics. In fact, what is presented is a process, moving from vocational evaluation to work adjustment and finally to independent living. While there is adequate connection between vocational evaluation and work adjustment, and between work adjustment and independent living, there is none between vocational evaluation and independent living. On the whole, this book provides an adequate examination of vocational evaluation, work adjustment, and independent living for the severely disabled. It suffers, however, from those problems that plague so many edited works—lack of continuity, consistency, and central focus. An introductory chapter longer than 2? pages and a concluding chapter by the editors would have gone a long way to provide those aspects that are lacking. While clearly not a text for classroom use, this book will more appropriately be used to examine the "common sense goals that all three areas now possess." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Opportunities for psychologists in disability research.

Reviews research contributions that have been beneficial to disabled citizens including work on the helping relationship, contingencies of reinforcement, vocational rehabilitation, assessment scales, and family adjustment. Support by the federal government for future research will be guided by goal statements that address the refinement of assessment instruments, the psychological effects of childhood disability, the effects of aging on the physically disabled, the psychosocial impact of disabilities in minority groups, and improved service delivery strategies. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Disability, psychopathology, and vocational adjustment.

Examined the relationship among rehabilitation clients' preservice psychological status, type of disability, severity of disability, and vocational adjustment at follow-up using MMPI configural decision rules. 286 rehabilitation center clients (aged 16–62 yrs) who completed a Mini-Mult developed by J. C. Kincannon (see record 1968-12987-001) were sorted by sex into 3 groups: adjusted, possibly maladjusted, and probably maladjusted. Selected findings reveal that type and severity of physical disability were not related to adjustment group membership. Psychological disability was related to psychopathology, although the strength of the relationship was less than expected. Male self-ratings and work evaluators' ratings of male psychological adjustment were significantly related to adjustment group membership. Female psychological group membership was a more accurate predictor of center outcome than was either the naturally occurring base rate or the work evaluators' client ratings. There was no relationship between adjustment group membership and vocational adjustment at follow-up, thus supporting previous assertions that psychological and vocational adjustment are coeffects and are not causally linked. (39 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social competence: The action-thought parameter and vicariousness in normal and pathological behavior.

A developmental conceptualization of behavior suggests that as maturation proceeds there follows a shift from action to thought. This action-thought dimension was hypothesized to be reflected in an individual's occupational choice as well as in his symptom formation and in premorbid level of adjustment (as measured by a "social competence" index [Zigler and Phillips, 1960]). Patients with symptoms in the ideational an verbal sphere were found to have a better premorbid level of adjustment and a higher level of vocational status. Atypical patterns of behavioral orientation and vocational and social adjustment were also explored. The findings are related to concepts within a developmental psychology content. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4JP37P. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Factor analytic definitions of vocational motivation.

3 self-report inventories pertaining to vocational motivation, the Occupational Attitude Rating Scales, the Work Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Job Incentive Rankings, were administered to students in an introductory course in psychology. The 11 variables of the combined scales were subjected to a factor analysis. "These factors appeared to provide a comprehensive survey of the dimensions of vocational motivation usually mentioned in theories of occupational choice and vocational adjustment." From Psyc Abstracts 36:05:5LH30C. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A comparison of adult learning disability subtypes in the vocational rehabilitation system.

Objective: To examine the personal adjustment and vocational outcomes of adults with different subtypes of specific learning disabilities. Design: Cluster analysis was used to derive subtypes from a vocational rehabilitation population, and nonparametric tests were used to test hypotheses. Participants: Three hundred Sixty-one successfully employed persons were compared with 252 unsuccessfully employed persons. Main Outcome Measures: Rates of secondary psychiatric disorders, type of training, and category of vocational attainment were the outcome measures. Results: Subtype was associated with vocational outcome and training but not with prevalence of secondary psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusions: Subtypes of specific learning disabilities exist in the vocational rehabilitation population and are associated with differences in vocational training, success rates, and occupational placement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of combined counseling and vocational training on personal adjustment.

To evaluate the effects of combined counseling and vocational training on personal adjustment, the Manson Evaluation test was administered to 85 students during the 1st 2 wk. of training and again near termination. The students, ages 17-21 yr., were generally characterized by previous failure in social, academic, and vocational endeavors. All students and classes received individual and group counseling by skilled counselors. Comparisons of "before" and "after" Manson scores revealed consistent and highly significant gains in personal adjustment. The findings are discussed in terms of current governmental efforts to combat socioeconomic problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Donald E. Super (1910–1994): Obituary.

Memorializes D. E. Super, who prompted vocational psychologists to expand the study of how people choose occupations to include how individuals develop careers. He formulated a life-stage model that conceptually explicated and operationally defined the developmental tasks and coping behaviors that foster occupational choice and vocational adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychosocial factors affecting the employment of former vocational rehabilitation clients.

Analyzed questionnaires completed by 211 former vocational rehabilitation (VR) clients (aged 15–61 yrs) 2 yrs after case closure for a clarification of the psychosocial factors that affect vocational adjustment. Questionnaires assessed employment status and problems, sources of income/financial status, health, and job satisfaction (for employed Ss only). WAIS Full Scale IQs were available for 195 Ss, and 120 Ss had completed the 16PF—Form E. Results show that the primary criteria of vocational adjustment (employment, job satisfaction, and persistence in looking for work) were associated with better self-appraised physical and mental health, greater perceived family support in seeking employment, more optimism about employment prospects, and attribution of the problem source to the environment. These variables suggest useful points for intervention by VR practitioners. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Use of neuropsychological tests to identify high school students with epilepsy who later demonstrate inadequate performances in life.

Rated vocational adjustment, independence in living, and overall adjustment of 39 young adults with epilepsy who had been evaluated 3–11 yrs previously when they were 16–29 yrs old. Tests administered earlier included the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, the WAIS, and the MMPI. MANOVA showed that abilities were more related to final adjustment than were variables pertaining to emotional adjustment. Neuropsychological tests were the best predictors of later adjustment, but the WAIS was also related to later adjustment. Tests showing the strongest relationship to later adjustment emphasized language skills. Neuropsychological tests were better in predicting whether or not there would be deficiencies in life functioning at a later date than the type or extent of such deficiencies. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)