升温速率对褐煤热碎性的影响

在公斤级回转窑中利用在线测温装置研究了快/慢速升温速率对褐煤热碎特性的影响.结果表明:随着预设温度从300℃升高到600℃,快速升温呈两阶段,一、二阶段平均升温速率分别为22.75～156.00℃/min和3.70～8.66℃/min,总碎裂率由78.23%升至95.74%,粉化率由9.28%升至25.76%;而慢速升温的平均升温速率为1.00～1.59℃/min,呈一阶段升温,总碎裂率由70.40%升至95.68%,粉化率由6.97%升至15.63%.2种升温方式下褐煤碎裂程度逐步接近,但快速升温促使褐煤粉化程度加剧.结合对快速和慢速升温过程褐煤孔隙结构及表观形貌的分析,明确了升温速率对影响褐煤热碎的内在诱因如水汽行为、挥发分析出和孔结构破坏等具有激化作用,基于此建立了热提质过程回转窑快速升温褐煤热碎描述模型.     

升温速率对褐煤热碎性的影响

在公斤级回转窑中利用在线测温装置研究了快/慢速升温速率对褐煤热碎特性的影响.结果表明:随着预设温度从300℃升高到600℃,快速升温呈两阶段,一、二阶段平均升温速率分别为22.75~156.00℃/min和3.70~8.66℃/min,总碎裂率由78.23%升至95.74%,粉化率由9.28%升至25.76%;而慢速升温的平均升温速率为1.00~1.59℃/min,呈一阶段升温,总碎裂率由70.40%升至95.68%,粉化率由6.97%升至15.63%.2种升温方式下褐煤碎裂程度逐步接近,但快速升温促使褐煤粉化程度加剧.结合对快速和慢速升温过程褐煤孔隙结构及表观形貌的分析,明确了升温速率对影响褐煤热碎的内在诱因如水汽行为、挥发分析出和孔结构破坏等具有激化作用,基于此建立了热提质过程回转窑快速升温褐煤热碎描述模型.     

O2/CO2气氛下污泥与烟煤混合燃烧特性

在热重分析仪上开展不同参数条件下污泥和烟煤混合燃烧实验,分析污泥掺混比、升温速率和O2/CO2体积比对燃烧特性的影响,进行燃烧动力学分析.结果表明:O2/CO2气氛下,烟煤掺烧污泥的混合燃烧特性表现为污泥与烟煤燃烧叠加的结果;随着升温速率由10℃/min增加至25℃/min,着火和燃尽温度均升高,着火时间延迟和燃尽时间延长,表观活化能升高;随着O2/CO2体积比的增大,着火温度和燃尽温度均降低,着火时间提前且燃尽时间缩短,表观活化能降低,当O2体积分数超过30%时,燃烧性能改善的幅度越来越小.     

酸解-微波破乳提取洗毛废水中粗羊毛脂

采用酸解-微波破乳工艺提取洗毛废水中粗羊毛脂.考察了硫酸加入量、微波功率、微波时间、水浴保温时间、升温速率等因素对水样COD去除率及羊毛脂提取量的影响.结果表明,微波协同酸解法使硫酸投加量和反应时间由单纯酸解的0.8mL、120min降至0.4mL、30min.100mL水样中,当硫酸加入量为0.4mL,微波功率为170W,升温速率为8.5℃/min,60℃水浴下静沉30min,水样COD去除率达到了77.1%,离心后提取的粗羊毛脂量最大.     

Micro-Fast中升温速率和烧结温度对零件致密化的影响

采用Gleeble-1500D 热模拟机对316L不锈钢粉末进行烧结,制备出尺寸为Φ1.0mm×1.0mm的微型零件。研究了升温速率和烧结温度对微型零件微观组织及性能的影响。结果表明：随着升温速率的增大,粉末颗粒间孔隙数量减少、试样相对密度增加;随着烧结温度的提高,烧结试样基体孔隙数量减少,试样相对密度显著升高;在升温速率为50℃/s,烧结温度为900℃时,可以得到将近全致密的试样,而且烧结温度低于传统烧结方所用烧结温度;试样最大轴向尺寸变化出现在烧结阶段中,说明在多物理场耦合粉末微成形工艺中升温速率比烧结温度更重要。     

基于热重分析法的生物质变温热解特性实验研究

生物质是一种重要的可再生能源,热解是生物质热转化利用技术的重要方法之一。采用TA-Q500型热重分析仪对松木在10℃/min,15℃/min,20℃/min,25℃/min四个升温速率下的松木热解特性进行实验研究。研究表明其整体反应温度区间为200～400℃。当升温速率从10℃/min增大到25℃/min后,最大反应速率明显增大,最大反应速率对应的温度提高了14℃,产生了热延迟现象,并且热解特征指数增大了3倍左右。利用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunoes (KAS)方法对热解活化能进行无模型拟合计算,松木热解活化能的平均值为216. 58 kJ/mol。根据所求的活化能值,通过Criado主曲线法对松木热解反应的机理函数进行拟合,松木热解机理主要由随机成核和随后生长模型来控制,在高转化率阶段则转为三阶反应控制。     

油页岩含油率的测定及其影响因素分析

采用铝甄低温干馏的方法对桦甸矿区六个油页岩样品进行含油率的测定,并考察了升温速率、粒径、干馏终温及持温时间等因素对页岩油产率的影响。结果表明,页岩油的产率随着挥发分含量的增大而增加,在一定范围内提高升温速率,页岩油产率增大,但升温速率过快,反而使页岩油产率降低;终温在500℃~510℃,持温时间20 min的条件下,产油率最高,继续增加干馏终温和持续时间对产油率影响不大;同时适宜的粒度可以适当提高页岩油的产率。     

操作参数对生物质热解液化及焦炭特征的影响

以稻壳为研究对象,在固定床中热解制取液体生物油.实验研究了热解温度、氮气流速和升温速率对热解3种产物分布的影响.在25℃/min的升温速率达到热解终温550℃,氮气流速为150 mL/min工况下液体产率达到最大值49.91%.随着升温速率的增加液体产率升高,焦炭的产率降低.利用热重分析考察了原料的热分解特性.通过X射...     

抚顺油页岩热解动力学模型的对比研究

利用热重分析（TG）研究了抚顺油页岩在氩气氛围中不同升温速率的热失重行为,对比分析了DAEM模型、Coats⁃Redfern法、FWO法和Doyle法4种热动力学模型。结果表明,不同的动力学模型分析结果不同,Coats⁃Redfern法的活化能（E）变化不大,且E属于某一温度范围内的平均值,其整体上随着升温速率的增加而增大,当升温速率为20 ℃/min时,E为109.40 kJ/mol;DAEM模型、Doyle法和FWO法的E都随着转化率的增加而增大。此外,DAEM模型和FWO法得到的E较为接近,且DAEM 模型的决定系数最高。因此,DAEM 模型在4种热动力学分析方法中更适合抚顺油页岩热解的动力学分析。     

丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物热降解反应动力学

研究了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物热分析动力学参数.采用热重差热分析法,分别测定了在氮气气氛中5、10、15、20℃/min 4种不同升温速率下的的热降解过程,得到了4条热重和差热曲线,并用Kissinger法对其热降解过程进行了动力学分析.结果表明:提高升温速率,热重曲线向高温方向移动,温度滞后越严重.初始分解温度及终止分解温度更高,温度区间也变宽.升温速率的不同对最终失重率影响不大,最终失重率都在90%以上.随着升温速率的增加,差热曲线峰变高且峰顶温度向高温方向移动.通过Kissinger法分析在不同升温速率下丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物热降解反应的热重差热数据得出反应的活化能为160.9kJ/mol、表观指前因子为27.61、热降解反应级数为0.965 4等动力学参数.     

Dielectric Properties and Microwave Heating of Molybdenite Concentrate at 2.45 GHz Frequency

Dielectric properties were measured using cavity perturbation method. The temperature rising behaviors of molybdenite concentrate were investigated in the field of microwave. This process was conducted to show the microwave absorption properties of molybdenite concentrate and the feasibility of microwave roasting molybdenite concentrate to prepare high purity M_OO_3. The dielectric constant,dielectric loss,and loss tangent increase from 3. 51 to 5. 04,0. 22 to 0. 51 and 0. 065 to 0. 102 respectively. They are proportional to the apparent density of molybdenite concentrate in the range of 0. 9-1. 4 g/cm3. The results show that the molybdenite concentrate has good microwave absorption capacity in the conventional density range. The temperature rising curves show that the apparent heating rate of the molybdenite concentrate increases with the increase in microwave power and decreases with the increase in the sample mass and thickness. The temperature of concentrate sample of 100 g reaches approximately 800 ℃ after 5 min of microwave treatment at 0. 5 kW of power. Our findings show that it is feasible to prepare high-purity M_OO_3 from molybdenite concentrate by microwave roasting.     

Dielectric Properties and Microwave Heating of Molybdenite Concentrate at 2.45 GHz Frequency

Dielectric properties were measured using cavity perturbation method.The temperature rising behaviors of molybdenite concentrate were investigated in the field of microwave.This process was conducted to show the microwave absorption properties of molybdenite concentrate and the feasibility of microwave roasting molybdenite concentrate to prepare high purity MoO3.The dielectric constant,dielectric loss,and loss tangent increase from 3.51 to 5.04,0.22 to 0.51 and 0.065 to 0.102 respectively.They are proportional to the apparent density of molybdenite concentrate in the range of 0.9-1.4 g/cm3.The results show that the molybdenite concentrate has good microwave absorption capacity in the conventional density range.The temperature rising curves show that the apparent heating rate of the molybdenite concentrate increases with the increase in microwave power and decreases with the increase in the sample mass and thickness.The temperature of concentrate sample of 100g reaches approximately 800 ℃ after 5 min of microwave treatment at 0.5 kW of power.Our findings show that it is feasible to prepare high-purity MoO3 from molybdenite concentrate by microwave roasting.     

微波碳热还原不锈钢厂电弧炉粉尘的热力学及实验研究

采用微波加热方法进行碳热还原不锈钢厂电弧炉粉尘,并计算粉尘中金属氧化物的理论开始还原温度。结果表明,微波碳热还原不锈钢厂电弧炉粉尘在热力学上可行。实际测量的粉尘中金属开始还原温度比理论计算值低。微波加热物料过程中形成的热点和电弧可能导致局部高温,有利于碳热还原反应的进行。在900℃下,有部分粉尘被还原,随着温度的升高,粉尘的还原程度增大。还原出来的金属相主要以Fe-Cr-Ni合金的形式存在,且成分分布不均匀,残余相主要以FeCr2O4、Fe3O4、CaSiO3、（Mg,Al）SiO3和CaMgSiO4形式存在。     

不锈钢电弧炉粉尘的物理化学特性及形成机理探讨

本研究采用多种实验检测方法分析了不锈钢电弧炉粉尘的物理特征和化学特性。扫描电镜分析结果显示粉尘的形貌特征为聚合颗粒；X射线荧光仪（XRF）和ICP分析结果说明粉尘的化学成分随电弧炉冶炼炉料的不同而改变；X射线衍射（XRD）及波形分析确定了粉尘的物相组成，尤其明确了铬在粉尘中以CrO和FeCr2O4的形式而不是以Cr2O3的形式存在；电子探针（EPMA）分析了粉尘内主要元素的分布，有利于粉尘在冶炼过程的形成机理的探索。研究结果可为不锈钢电弧炉粉的控制、处理及综合利用提供数据。     

Laboratory Investigation of Zinc Recovery from EAF Dust by Bath Smelting Reduction

Bath smelting reduction for recovering zinc from EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) dust has been investigated in the laboratory. A degree of zinc volatilization of more than 99% was obtained from the process. Temperature has a clear influence on the reduction rate of ZnO in slag. The reduction rate of (ZnO) by [C] is the first order with respect to the content of ZnO in the slag. The apparent activation energy of the (ZnO) reduction reaction is 312 kJ/mol at 1300-1500℃.     

Improvement of power input for steelmaking process in high impedance EAF

According to the electrical operation and steelmaking theory of EAF,an improved power input procedure of 70t high impedance EAF in Nanjiang Iron and Steel Corp.Ltd.was studied.The investigation method,process and result for use of power supply of high impedance EAF was proposed,and the optimized power-supply curve to EAF steelmaking practice was given,and electrical operation was improved,the electric energy consumption can be reduced by 25kW.h/t,and power supply time can also be reduced 3 min.     

Theory and practice of the optimizing of charging structure in EAF steelmaking

The viewpoint about harmful residual element control, the charging structure and its influence on production index due to the diversification of raw material in EAF steelmaking was expatiated. The residual element control model, the concept of the proportion of iron and steel and the charging structure triangle were putted forward. Based on theoretical calculation and statistical analysis, the influence of charging structure on production index was discussed, and it was found that the utilizing efficiency of energy will reduce as the proportion of iron and steel in EAF steelmaking increases.     

微波加热法制备CaNiO3光催化材料的研究

提出一种新的制备CaNiO3光催化材料的方法,微波加热法．实验确定其最佳制备条件为：微波功率560W,微波加热时间30min,煅烧温度700℃和煅烧时间5h;对在该条件下制备的催化剂进行了XRD表征．在可见光条件下,以模拟染料酸性大红废水为目标物,对催化材料的光催化性能进行了研究,结果表明微波加热法制备的光催化材料具有较高的光催化降解性能,染料降解率最高可达98％．     

微波辐射磷钼酸铈盐催化柴油氧化脱硫研究

研究微波辐射下磷钼酸铈盐催化模型油和直馏柴油的氧化脱硫反应,考察不同萃取条件对柴油的脱硫率和收率的影响。结果表明,相同反应条件下,相对于普通加热,微波辐射加热时二苯并噻吩（DBT）、苯并噻吩（BT）的脱除率分别提高了4.2倍和3.8倍;在70℃和400 W微波功率下加热2 h,DBT、BT的脱除率分别为95.6%和74.8%;对m（催化剂）/m（柴油）为7.1 mg/g、H2O2初始浓度为0.44 mol/L的柴油,经70℃和4 0 0 W微波功率加热2 h,再在V（萃取剂）/V（柴油）为1/4的条件下用DMF萃取1次,柴油脱硫率为69.6%,收率为97.5%;萃取次数增加,柴油脱硫率提高,但收率明显下降。