环轧模拟中单元畸变的处理

针对环轧成形模拟所采用的动力显式算法由于沙漏而造成单元畸变的问题,研究了沙漏控制方法,分析了矩形截面环件轧制的成形过程.环轧初始阶段,环件变形量小,沙漏能很小;随变形量增大,控制沙漏所需沙漏能持续增长.采用人工阻尼法需要的沙漏能可达内能的20％,而采用人工刚度法所需沙漏能明显减小,只占内能的5％左右,能减小沙漏能对内能...     

冷辗扩过程实时测控技术的发展状况

冷辗扩是一种生产高精度、高性能无缝环的技术,其过程具有很强的非线性.实时测量和在线控制是保证冷辗扩过程平稳,提高环件质量的手段,是冷辗扩技术的关键之一.介绍了冷辗扩机的工作原理,包括测控系统的组成与控制原理.详细叙述了冷辗环机的计算机控制系统、进给伺服系统、测量反馈系统、过程参数及控制规律的特征.比较了国内外冷辗环机的性能,指出冷辗扩工艺动力学模型、计算机工艺规划、冷辗扩机的自适应能力、伺服系统、圆度辊控制、过程监控是目前研究的重点.     

沟球环件冷辗扩过程中截面变化规律

在沟球环件冷辗扩过程中,环件外径的增长预测和导向辊的位置确定是确保平稳辗扩的条件之一,而这两者的决定因素在于辗扩过程中截面形状变化。采用商业软件ABAQUS/Explicit对冷辗扩过程进行三维建模,预测沟球截面环件的直径增长和截面形状变化过程。在D56G90型冷辗环机上进行实验,测量了不同阶段的环件直径和沟球截面形状。将实验测量结果分别与解析计算结果和有限元计算结果进行比较,得出三者之间的差别,从而发现误差。利用解析结果和实验结果来修正三维有限元模型,以便更加精确地利用有限元模型来预测环件直径的增长规律和截面变化规律。模拟结果可以用于指导环件冷辗扩的工艺制定和生产,以期提高环件的质量。     

冷辗扩机圆度辊随动约束力与随动位置分析

为保证环件圆度、提高环件精度,必须对冷辗扩机圆度辊进行力和位置的实时控制与调节,这是冷辗扩工艺控制中的一个难点。根据冷辗扩原理,分析了冷辗扩过程中圆度辊的随动约束力和随动位置与轧制力及环件瞬时外圆半径的关系,得到了一个数学模型,为圆度辊机构的设计和控制提供了理论依据。     

环件冷辗扩组织和淬回火后力学性能的研究

通过对环件冷辗扩变形前后组织的对比实验和热处理后显微硬度的测定,探讨了冷辗扩变形对环件微观组织及淬回火后力学性能的影响,发现冷辗扩加工过程使环件组织中的碳化物颗粒更加细小、均匀,从而对环件热处理后综合力学性能的提高有一定的帮助.通过分析认为冷碾过程主要影响了淬回火过程中碳化物的溶解速度,造成变形与未变形组织中马氏体含量的差异,而显微硬度的变化趋势正好反映了这种差异.     

环形毛坯冷辗扩微元体变形及受力分析

针对环件冷辗扩的现状和特点,研究了多芯辊辗扩的成形原理.对环件多芯辊辗扩进行了运动学及力学分析,对环形毛坯冷辗扩微元体进行了变形分析,对多芯辊辗扩环形毛坯厚度方向的变形规律及芯辊的移动值应满足的切向应变与径向应变的关系进行了分析,推导出了最小瞬时压下量等所需工艺参数的数学表达式.研究结果可作为设计环件多芯辊辗扩工艺的理论依据.     

环件冷辗扩中残余应力的有限元研究

环件冷辗扩中的残余应力对零件的精度会产生很大的影响.应用商业软件ABAQUS/Explicit,以深沟球轴承外套罔6308冷辗扩为例,建立起沟球截面环件冷辗扩的有限元计算模型.将在ABAQUS/Explicit中计算完毕的结果导人到ABAQUS/Standard中,编写了残余应力的求解程序.通过对比环件冷辗扩中6个不同阶段的残余应力计算结果,发现深沟球截面环件的残余应力随着变形量的增加而增大,整圆阶段有利于残余应力的下降,环件内部残余应力分布是不均匀的,而且数值在110～200MPa之间.     

环件冷辗扩技术现状和发展

简要地介绍了环件冷辗扩原理、冷辗扩工艺、冷辗设备、加工过程控制参数、模具寿命及有限元模拟技术的现状和发展,并指出了环件冷辗扩还缺乏精确而系统性的研究,弹塑性有限元研究才刚刚起步,通过模拟来优化加工过程参数在国际上也几乎没有公开发表的文献。因此,应该从理论、有限元模拟、材料、设备、热处理、模具等多学科联合攻关研究,才能使我国的环件冷辗扩技术跃上一个新的台阶。     

环件冷辗扩技术现状和发展

介绍了环件冷辗扩原理、冷辗扩工艺、冷辗设备、加工过程控制参数、模具寿命及有限元模拟技术的现状和发展。文中指出了环件冷辗扩还缺乏精确而系统性的研究,弹塑性有限元研究才刚刚起步,而在我国还是一个空白。同时,通过模拟来优化加工过程参数在国际上也几乎没有公开发表的文献。因此,应该从理论、有限元模拟、材料、设备、热处理、模具等多学科联合攻关研究,才能使我国的环件冷辗扩技术跃上一个新的台阶。     

环件铸辗复合成形工艺中毛坯尺寸的确定方法

毛坯尺寸设计作为大型环件径轴向辗扩工艺中的重要环节,直接影响着辗扩过程的稳定实现及工件的成形质量.本文对环件铸辗复合成形新工艺中毛坯尺寸的确定进行了研究,获得了辗扩比、毛坯内径分别与环件锻件内径的关系;结果表明：通过给定任一环件尺寸,该方法能快速而准确地获得辗扩比的值和毛坯内径的值,具有设计效率高、准确可靠的优点,在适用于大型特大型环件的生产方面优势明显;同时,本文的设计方法为环件铸辗复合成形新工艺中辗扩过程的稳定实现及辗扩工艺参数的优化设计提供了科学合理的依据.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.