潜孔钻头复合片球齿的抗冲击性能

利用CEAST 9340落锤式冲击试验机,通过高周期疲劳方式加载,测试冲击功、球表面积、WC-Co硬质合金球齿衬底厚度及聚晶金刚石层(PCD)层厚度对复合片球齿抗冲击性能的影响;利用ANSYS软件对PCD层厚度对球齿抗冲击性能的影响进行有限元分析;利用JSM-6360LV型扫描电子显微镜对样品断口形貌进行观察。研究结果表明:球齿的冲击破碎率随冲击功的增大而升高,随WC-Co硬质合金球齿衬底厚度增加及PCD层厚度减小而下降;在相同冲击功条件下,增大球齿球表面积则导致冲击破碎率下降;球齿抗冲击性能随WC-Co硬质合金球齿衬底厚度减小及PCD层厚度增加而下降。直径为14 mm和16 mm球齿部分可满足低风压抗冲击性要求但无法满足高风压抗冲击性能要求。     

高效耐用的潜孔钻具

为了提高凿岩效率和适应地下高阶段深孔采矿及高风压的需要,长沙矿山研究院、凡口铅锌矿、昆明冶金机械厂共同承担了国家“七五”下达的科研任务。在多年从事潜孔钻具研究的基础上,广泛吸收国外先进钻具的结构特点,紧密结合国内的需要,开展了CGW-150型高风压潜孔冲击器和钻头的研制。这项研究工作,从1986年开始,1987年完成设计,1989年初投入现场工业试验,先后在凡口铅锌矿的四个采场进行。第一阶段     

国内外凿岩用球齿合金的现状、前景与发展趋势

本文叙述了凿岩用球齿合金的选择原则,国内外凿岩用球齿合金的现状(包括牌号、齿型)、前景及发展趋势,指出了不同牌号、不同齿型合金所适用的地层,为合理选择凿岩用球齿合金提供了技术依据。     

G55SiMoVA钢在轴承领域的新应用

通过对G55SiMoVA轴承钢的质量特性、工艺控制技术和用户应用技术的系统研究,显示中碳G55SiMoVA轴承钢具有高强度、高冲击韧性、高耐磨性能和高疲劳寿命的特点,进而证实采用G55SiMoVA轴承钢可代替渗碳轴承钢,用于耐冲击重载荷的轴承制造领域。目前,G55SiMoVA轴承钢已在轧机轴承和石油钻具轴承领域得到广泛应用。     

井下钻具碳化钨强化材料进展

参考国内外有关文献及笔者所做的一些试验，系统地总经了７０年代以来井下钻具碳化钨化材料的进展情况，在钢齿牙轮钻头强化材料中，详细地分析了铸造碳化钨堆焊层产生龟裂，脱落和断齿的原因，用各种实验数据证明了ＹＭ合金、烧结碳化钨及贴面硬质合金和球粒硬质合金等新型强化材料用于井下各种钻具的效果。     

钙处理钻具用钢中CaS夹杂物分析

分析了钙处理油井钻具用钢37CrMnMo中夹杂物的特征,通过适当的钙处理,钢中主要形成细小的CaO-Al2O3-CaS复合夹杂物颗粒,夹杂物球化效果较好,但个别炉次中出现了大颗粒的不连续点状CaS夹杂。通过数据统计与热力学分析论述了钢中Al、Ca、O、S对CaS夹杂物的影响机理,并提出通过严格控制铝脱氧剂的加入量,可以有效控制夹杂物。     

论提高浅眼凿岩速度的途径

针对目前国内矿山浅眼凿岩设备存在的问题,提出提高浅眼凿岩速度的途径是:加大扭矩实现凿岩机的冲击扭切综合破岩;采用合适的高风压;研制并使用具有更高能量传递效率的钎头和钎杆连接方法;使用合理结构的柱齿钎头和缩小钎头直径等     

冲击回转钻进条件下硬质合金钻头柱齿磨损机理

减缓钻头硬质合金柱齿的磨损速度,对提高钻头工作效率、延长钻头使用寿命、降低钻进成本等具有重要意义.在利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对钻头柱齿详细观测的基础上,提出了风动潜孔锤钻头硬质合金柱齿新的劣化机理和磨损机理:劣化机理包括混合规模裂隙的形成、WC颗粒规模裂隙形成和WC颗粒的氧化和腐蚀;磨损机理包括WC颗粒的破碎和碎片释放、整体或部分WC颗粒的脱离、碳化物的摩擦化学磨损等.分析了边齿因回转线速度大.磨损也增大.WC颗粒的破碎和碎片释放量增大而磨耗严重的机理;因WC颗粒的整体脱离使柱齿产生较大面积的磨损.导致钻进效率的大幅度降低;给出了钻头柱齿必须及时加以修磨的合理使用方法.     

西北矿冶研究院钎具厂

<正>西星冶金炉钻具WEST STAR Metallurgical Furnace Drilling Tools西星冶金炉钻具是西北矿冶研究院钎具厂实行产品结构调整,开发应用新领域,在矿用凿岩钎具的基础上研制开发的新产品。目前已打入国际市场,市场应用前景广阔。"西星"牌冶金炉钻具系列钻头产品(包括钻头、钎杆、钎尾、套管等)针对钢铁企业出铁作业特点,采用独特的热处理固齿工艺制作而成,具有作业温度高(可达1 000℃左右)、多次复用不脱齿、钎尾不断柄、使用寿命长、开口次数多(平均开口次数可达24次)的特点。产品性价比合理,得到了同行的高度评     

球齿钎头热嵌固齿工艺的探讨

介绍了球齿钎头的结构和材质的选择以及热嵌固齿的工艺过程和技术要点。通过试验表明,热嵌固齿工艺消除了其它固齿工艺给硬质合金和钎体带来的有害因素,是当前较理想的固齿工艺;国产低钴粗晶粒合金应用于球齿钎头是适应的;24SiMnNi2CrMoA是热嵌固齿球齿钎头抗疲劳断裂性能极好的优质材料。     

高效低耗复合钎具的研究和应用

近几年来,中国地质大学(武汉)研制成功具有片状和球齿钎具综合优势的新一代复合钎头和复合整钎,开始批量投入市场使用。该系列钎具是在长期、大量凿岩实践经验的基础上,运用力学和仿生学原理,对传统钎具实现了扬长避短,其钻速、寿命和硬质合金片齿有效利用率,均显著优于相应凿岩条件下目前国内外普遍使用的片状和球齿钎具。     

Z-206组合抑制剂用于铜锌分离浮选试验研究

Z-206组合抑制剂在铜锌分离中对在矿床中被铜离子活化了的锌是一种去活剂,它络合铜离子,并在锌矿物表面形成亲水络合物.在该药剂作用下同时添加硫酸锌,使锌矿物在铜锌分离中得到很好地抑制,从而达到铜锌分离的目的.     

凿岩台车定向定位自动控制系统

在进口Simba H1354凿岩台车上加装的定向定位自动控制系统由旋转编码器、PLC和工业图形显示器构成,可以完成凿岩台车凿岩角度的设定并自动定向定位,大大提高了凿岩台车的工作效率。     

Quantifying the Effect of Rock Strength Criteria on Minimum Drilling Mud Weight Prediction Using Polyaxial Rock Strength Test Data

In engineering practice, a linear poroelasticity stress model in combination with a rock strength criterion is commonly used to determine a minimum mud weight for stable well drilling. Rock strength criterion therefore plays a key role in minimum mud weight prediction. There are a variety of rock strength criteria available in the literature. It is well known that all those criteria fall into two categories: intermediate principal stress dependent (σ2 dependent) criteria and intermediate principal stress independent (σ2 independent) criteria. To identify if a specific rock failure is σ2 dependent or σ2 independent, a polyaxial (true triaxial) rock strength test is essential. Similarly, to study the effect of rock strength criteria on wellbore stability and minimum drilling mud weight prediction, polyaxial rock strength test data are most useful. In this paper, we present a systematic approach to quantify the effect of three most commonly used rock strength criteria on minimum drilling mud weight prediction using polyaxial rock strength test data for Yuubari shale and Dunham dolomite.     

T100钻机在矿山的应用

主要从钻机的结构特点、性能参数、现场使用等方面详细阐述T100钻机在本单位大直径中深孔凿岩中的应用情况。实践表明,该机各项性能优良,行走机动灵活,工作安全可靠,是目前国内生产技术先进的深孔凿岩设备之一。     

WEAR MECHANISMS DUE TO DIFFERENT ROCK DRILLING CONDITIONS

Abstract

Depending on the type of rock and on the drilling procedure used in rock drilling, cemented carbide is exposed to greatly differing mechanical and thermal conditions. These influence the properties of the cemented carbide required. By means of metallographical examination of rock drill inserts used under different conditions, it has been possible to determine what type of wear mechanism is critical in each case. Two kinds of mechanisms in particular were found to have a great influence on performance. When a drill is run under conditions of high mechanical stress and high temperature, which is the condition present when drilling in highly abrasive rocks, a major factor influencing performance is the creep resistance of the cemented carbide. One way of improving this property appears to be to increase the grain size. Percussive drilling in low-abrasive rock, where the mechanical stress is moderate, gives rise to another wear mechanism. In this, high thermal stresses are induced which lead to the formation of cracks and sometimes to rupture. Thus for this kind of application good thermal-crack resistance is important. During percussive drilling in rocks, with intermediate abrasivity, both mechanisms are active, making the choice of cemented carbide for this application more difficult.     

Quantification of residual strain associated with reduction of hot tears by grain refinement in B206 aluminium alloy

Hot tearing continues to limit the industrial use of many aluminium casting alloys. The hot tearing susceptibility of an alloy is influenced by microstructure, solidification rate and the stress/strain conditions it experiences during solidification. In this study, a novel technique was used to quantify the residual strain associated with hot tearing in B206 aluminium alloy. Neutron diffraction strain mapping was carried out on three B206 castings with varying levels of titanium (i.e. unrefined, 0·02 and 0·05 wt-%). Titanium additions were effective in causing grain refinement of the alloy and eliminating hot tears. Neutron diffraction strain mapping was successfully used to demonstrate more uniform distribution of strain in the casting, resulting from grain refinement with consequent higher resistance to hot tearing.

La fissuration à chaud continue de limiter l’usage industriel de plusieurs alliages moulés d’aluminium. La susceptibilité à la fissuration à chaud d’un alliage est influencée par la microstructure, par la vitesse de solidification et par les conditions de contrainte et déformation dont celui-ci fait l’expérience lors de la solidification. Dans cette étude, on a utilisé une nouvelle technique pour quantifier la déformation résiduelle associée à la fissuration à chaud de l’alliage d’aluminium B206. On a effectué la cartographie de la déformation par la diffraction des neutrons de trois moulages de B206 ayant des niveaux variés de titane (i.e. non affiné, 0·02% et 0·05% en poids). Les additions de titane avaient un effet positif sur l’affinement de grain de l’alliage et sur l’élimination des criques de solidification. On a utilisé avec succès la cartographie de la déformation par la diffraction des neutrons pour démontrer la distribution plus uniforme de la déformation dans le moulage, résultant de l’affinement de grain avec pour conséquence une résistance plus élevée à la fissuration à chaud.     

我国凿岩钎具行业的发展

概述和分析了我国凿岩钎具生产的发展和目前国内轻型凿岩机用钎具、液压凿岩钻车用钎具、气动采矿钻车用接杆钎杆以及潜孔凿岩钻具等市场情况。指出凿岩速率快、能量传递性能好、使用周期长、操作方便,将是今后凿岩工程对钎具产品的基本要求。     

三山岛北部海域金矿区水文地质特征分析

通过开展水文地质测绘、水文地质钻探、钻孔综合水文测井及钻孔抽水试验,结合区域地质、水文和气象资料,基本查明了三山岛北部海域金矿区水文地质条件。区内主要含水岩层划分为第四系松散岩类孔隙含水层、花岗岩风化裂隙含水层和构造碎裂岩裂隙含水层,研究表明,矿坑充水直接因素为构造裂隙水,间接因素为风化裂隙水和第四系松散岩类孔隙水。采用比拟法、大井法和水平廊道法对矿坑涌水量进行了预测,除比拟法之外,其余2种方法是根据水文钻孔抽水试验结果计算的,抽水试验严格按照有关规范规程要求进行,试验数据可靠。矿坑涌水量预测结果显示:大井法和水平廊道法计算出的涌水量接近,而比拟法预测结果略微偏大,说明本次预测工作所采用方法和数据较为合理,间接证明渗透参数分析工作是合理的。     

WEAR OF HARD-METALS IN ROCK DRILLING: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract

The literature concerning the wear of tungsten carbide-cobalt alloys used as tool bits in rock drilling is surveyed. The possible mechanisms of rock breakage and of tool wear are briefly discussed. Wear takes place as a result of shock impact or impact-fatigue spalling, by abrasion-mainly from the quartz grains in the rock, and also by thermal fatigue. The mechanism that dominates in any given conditions depends on the method of drilling and on the strength and abrasiveness of the rock. For rotary-percussive drilling, impact-fatigue wear and abrasion operate simultaneously,though essentially independently.

Published data on the relations between the wear of WC-Co alloys in rock drilling and their structure and properties are critically discussed. It appears that the resistance to impact wear is a direct function of the bulk compressive or transverse rupture strength and is related to the WC grain size and the Co mean free path. It is directly proportional to the blow energy in percussion. The results indicate that abrasion of WC-Co alloys by quartz is more complicated than abrasion of ‘simpler’ metals by either hard or relatively soft abrasives. The wear in abrasion during running-in is quite high and becomes greater with larger WC grain size, while the steady-state wear rate becomes less. The abrasion-resistance increases with rise in hardness and with decrease in WC grain size and cobalt content, but not in a simple fashion. It is proposed that abrasive wear takes place both by microfracture at the point of abrasive/metal contact and by preferential removal of cobalt. The former factor dominates for hard, brittle alloys and when the abrasive grains have a high resistance to fracture. The latter dominates for softer, more cobalt-rich alloys and when the abrasives are friable.

The considerable need for further research on all aspects of the wear behaviour of these alloys is stressed.