微污染水源水质生物处理技术的发展

概述了微污染水源水生物预处理及深度处理工艺,具体介绍了臭氧+生物活性炭工艺、生物预处理工艺、淹没式中空纤维微滤膜等工艺和相关组合工艺。     

悦可沁·澳洲纳世凯尔携手中国绽放华彩之旅

近期,悦可沁·澳洲纳世凯尔携手,将来自澳大利亚纳世凯尔（Nature’s Care）的有机保健食品和化妆品引入。     

印刷VOCs散发传质分析

分析介绍了典型的干、湿建筑材料有机废气散发模型,将其分析和问题简化思路引申到印刷生产有机废气扩散机理研究上。从印品干燥前、干燥过程中、干燥完成后指出了需要控制的相关因素,为从源头上减少有机废气散发以及综合治理印刷有机废气污染提供理论参考和依据。     

《微纳电子技术》征稿启事

《微纳电子技术》(ISSN 1671-4776、CN13-1314/TN、CODEN WJEIAB)是由中国电子科技集团公司主管、中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所主办的中文核心期刊。《微纳电子技术》的前身是《半导体情报》,创刊于1964年。2002年为了顺应国内外纳米科技发展的趋势,《半导体情报》完成了其历史使命,更名为《微纳电子技术》。《微纳电子技术》既考虑了微米科技的巨大潜力与作用,又着眼于纳米科技发展的前景,把"纳"看作是"微"的逻辑发展方向,又把"微"与"纳"科技有机辨证地结合,以崭新的形式和内容呈现给大家。     

基于6,13-二氯并五苯微纳米带的高性能有机光控晶体管

有机光控晶体管因其低成本、易加工等特点而受到广泛的关注。通过溶剂氛围滴膜法制备了基于6,13-二氯并五苯的微纳米带。采用氯苯做溶剂时,得到了形貌规则、晶形良好的微纳米带,而采用邻二氯苯做溶剂时,获得了大面积有序、定向生长的微纳米带。随后构筑了基于上述微纳结构的单根和多根微纳米带有机光控晶体管,器件显示了高的光敏特性。在很低强度的入射光(1.55mW/cm2)照射下,其光敏系数达1 300,表明6,13-二氯并五苯在有机微纳光控晶体管方面具有很好的应用前景。     

纳机械谐振器的非线性特性分析

纳机械谐振器有几百兆甚至更高的工作频率,本文利用达芬方程作为纳机械谐振器的动力学方程,用数值方法求解了电磁驱动纳机械谐振器的动态特性,计算表明谐振器有明显的非线性特性,与国外已有的实验结果相符合,该分析方法可以为纳机械混频器设计提供参考。     

基于FIB技术的微纳单元的研制

利用碳纳米管表面气相生长技术和聚焦离子束(FIB)加工等微纳加工技术,开展了微纳单元的工艺方法研究,探索了基于碳纳米管的微纳结构单元的实验制备工艺.结构表征和电学特性测试结果表明,这种制备工艺可以加工出具有欧姆接触或肖特基接触的微纳单元,为基于碳纳米管的微纳单元的制作提供了一定的思路.     

微纳光栅结构提高OLED器件性能的研究

有机发光二极管(organic light emitting diode, OLED)具有重量轻、功耗低、 响应时间快及具有柔性等特点,在平板显示 及固态照明等方面均显现出巨大的优势。为进一步提高OLED器件性能,本文利用ExpertOLED 仿真软 件对具有不同光栅结构的实际OLED器件进行仿真模拟,分析不同结构的微纳光栅对双金属电 极OLED 器件电致发光((electroluminescent,EL)光谱、发光视角及器件内部电场强度分布的影响。通过优化,得到增强 器件发光强度 和拓宽发光视角的微纳光栅结构。在不同的光栅周期下,改变光栅高度对器件的发光性能有 不同的影响。 调节发光层中分子偶极取向,优化器件内部电场强度分布,可进一步对器件的发光性能进行 优化,从而为实验上利用周期性微纳光栅结构提高OLED器件性能提供了具有价值的参考。     

用于有机发光器件和有机激光的纳米压印结构（英文）

在过去30年中,有机电致发光器件(Organic light-emitting devices,OLEDs)在显示和照明面板领域得到了快速的发展和应用。然而,固有的低光取出效率使OLEDs常需要集成光取出微纳结构。另一方面,有机半导体激光器(Organic semiconductor lasers,OSLs)由于具有发射光谱宽、制备简单、成本低和易于集成的优点也引起了广泛关注。同OLEDs需要集成微纳结构一样,在OSLs中也需要制备微纳结构用作谐振腔从而产生光增益来实现激射。在不同的微纳结构制备工艺中,纳米压印技术(Nanoimprint lithography,NIL)作为一种高分辨率、高产率和低成本的图案化技术,被认为是最有前景的技术之一。NIL不仅可以打破衍射极限和光散射的限制,而且可以保证有机光电材料的光学和电学性能不受损害。本文回顾了利用NIL在OLEDs制备结构化电极、结构化功能层和结构化封装层以及在OSLs中制备结构化染料掺杂聚合物以及结构化发光材料的方案。     

超快激光仿生复眼加工研究进展

作为一种典型的微纳光学元件,仿生复眼微视觉系统有机结合了光子学与微纳米技术的前沿科学成果,在机器人视觉导航、无人驾驶、微型飞行器系统等前沿领域具有广阔的应用前景。超快激光加工作为一种先进的制造技术,具有真三维加工、适用多种材料、微纳加工精度等优异特征,已成为制造多级结构仿生复眼视觉系统的理想工具。本文介绍了自然界昆虫复眼的结构特点,阐述和分析了各类型仿生复眼的超快激光加工研究进展,包括平面微透镜阵列、超疏水复眼透镜和大视场复眼透镜,最后分析了超快激光加工技术制备复眼透镜存在的问题和发展趋势,为仿生复眼视觉系统的进一步研究与开发提供有效参考。     

Synthetic Surfaces with Robust and Tunable Underwater Superoleophobicity

Surfaces with extreme wetting properties are useful for the collection, manipulation, transport, and avoidance of aqueous and organic fluids of commercial and strategic importance. Two major obstacles to the deployment of synthetic non‐wetting materials in practical scenarios are their lack of mechanical durability and their susceptibility to fouling in contaminated or chemically complex media. Here, crosslinked and nanoporous polymer multilayers are reported that overcome these limitations and exhibit robust and tunable “underwater superoleophobicity”, or the ability to almost completely prevent contact with oils and other organic fluids when submerged in water. These entirely organic coatings mimic key chemical and structural features found on the scales of fish and other natural anti‐oil‐fouling surfaces, and are remarkably tolerant to physical, chemical, and environmental insults commonly encountered in natural and synthetic aqueous environments. This approach also permits facile manipulation and patterning of surface chemistry and, thus, tunable spatial control over other important aspects of interfacial behavior, such as underwater oil adhesiveness, that extend and expand the potential utility of synthetic anti‐oil‐fouling surfaces in aqueous, aquatic, and marine environments.     

流沙湾养殖珍珠微观结构研究

用扫描电子显微镜（ SEM）观察紧贴流沙湾珍珠珠核表面的有机质层、棱柱层、珍珠质层结构。结果表明,有机质层呈不规则球状、纤维丝状并伴有疏松多孔结构。有机质层中观察到碳酸钙晶体存在;棱柱层和珍珠质层之间观察到厚度约为1?73μm的“拟过渡层”。用红外光谱分析紧贴珍珠珠核表面的有机质层成分,结果表明有机质中有蛋白质和文石晶体存在。对珍珠剖面用5％的乙二胺四乙酸（ ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA）溶液腐蚀,利用SEM观察去钙化后的文石片层,结果表明,层与层之间的有机质呈裸露处理纤维状或多孔状的网络结构形态,文石晶体通过有机质孔隙生长,结果进一步支持了矿物桥说;对比EDTA腐蚀后的棱柱层和文石层,观察到两层存在的有机质有差异。     

流沙湾海水养殖珍珠微观结构及形成机制研究

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM),研究流沙湾海水珍珠珍珠质层和棱柱层的微尺度生长结构,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对珍珠质层及棱柱层的成分组成进行分析.结果表明:构成海水珍珠珍珠层的珍珠质层,棱柱层和过渡层的微结构和组成是有所不同的,珍珠质层主要为文石型碳酸钙,纳米文石微晶颗粒与有机质颗粒交织形成文石板片,棱柱层中存在方解石和文石两种晶型的碳酸钙,过渡层是由有机质和少量的碳酸钙共同组成;通过对珍珠层结构和成分的研究,初步推断出其生长模式分三个阶段:(1)珠母贝从海水环境中富集钙离子,并分泌有机质诱导碳酸钙成核结晶,二者共同生长形成棱柱层;(2)棱柱层生长到一定阶段,晶体生长的同时珠母贝分泌的有机质发生变化形成一层有机质过渡层,调控碳酸钙的生长;(3)在有机质层上初始成核的纳米文石微晶颗粒与有机质颗粒交织堆砌生长,形成文石板片,文石板片层层堆叠形成结构致密排列有序的珍珠质层.     

几种不同类型土壤的VIS-NIR光谱特性及有机质响应波段研究

利用高光谱遥感技术估测土壤有机质含量是精准农业发展的必然要求.本研究测量并分析了7组不同地区不同类型共791个土壤样品在350～2500 nm的光谱反射率及一阶微分曲线,并对土壤有机质含量和光谱反射率进行相关性分析,同时对前人研究中有关有机质的光谱响应波段进行了总结.结果发现,600～800 nm波段可以作为研究区域内不同类型土壤共同的有机质光谱响应波段,这对进一步建立不同土壤类型相对统一的有机质预测模型具有一定意义.研究还发现,有机质含量高于2%并不是高光谱预测土壤有机质含量必要的前提条件.     

On the switching mechanism in Rose Bengal-based memory devices

Impedance switching has been observed in many organic devices, but the mechanism is still a matter of debate. Reliable switch devices consisting of an organic layer of Rose Bengal derivatives sandwiched in between indium tin oxide and aluminum electrodes were fabricated. Modifying the chemical nature of the organic layers and visualizing the temperature distribution in the organic memory rule out several mechanisms. It is shown that the memory effect originates from filamentary switching.     

Visible‐Light‐Activated Photocatalytic Films toward Self‐Cleaning Membranes

Membranes are among the most promising means of delivering increased supplies of fit‐for‐purpose water, but membrane fouling remains a critical issue restricting their widespread application. Coupling photocatalysis with membrane separation has been proposed as a potentially effective approach to reduce membrane fouling. However, commonly used materials in photocatalysis limit use of low‐cost sources such as sunlight due to their large bandgaps. There are few examples of in situ photocatalytic self‐cleaning of membranes, with removal from the filtration system and ex situ illumination being more common. In this work, a visible‐light‐activated photocatalytic film prepared by nitrogen doping into the lattice of TiO₂ is deposited on commercial ceramic membranes via atomic layer deposition. The synergy between membrane separation and redox reactions between organic pollutants and reactive oxygen species produced by the visible‐light‐activated layer offers a possibility for stable and sustainable membrane operation under in situ solar irradiation.     

Engineering a Robust,Versatile Amphiphilic Membrane Surface Through Forced Surface Segregation for Ultralow Flux‐Decline

Unlike biofoulants/pollutants, oil foulants/pollutants are prone to coalesce, spread and migrate to form continuous fouling layer covering on the surfaces. Therefore, such kind of fouling can not be simply alleviated by hydrophilic modification with currently extensively used antifouling materials such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based or zwitterionic polymers etc. In the present study, an amphiphilic porous membrane surface, comprising hydrophilic fouling resistant domains and hydrophobic fouling release microdomains, is explored via a "forced surface segregation" approach. The resultant membranes exhibit both superior oil‐fouling and bio‐fouling resistant property: membrane fouling is exquisitely suppressed and the permeation flux‐decline is decreased to an ultralow level. It can be envisaged that the present study may open a novel avenue to the design and construction of robust, versatile antifouling surfaces.     

基于省域尺度的农田土壤重金属高光谱预测

利用浙江省36个县市的643个农田耕层土样的可见-近红外反射率数据以及重金属与有机质含量数据,分析了Ni、Cu、As、Hg、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb含量与有机质含量的相关性,对比了不同重金属元素与有机质敏感波段的位置,并建立了各重金属元素含量的偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型.研究结果表明,Ni、Cr与有机质的相关性最优,As最差,相关系数分别为0.54、0.59、0.20,各重金属元素与有机质的相关系数与它在前三个主成份载荷图中与有机质的距离成反比;不同的重金属元素与有机质高光谱敏感波段的重叠度、回归系数的正负一致性具有明显差异,与有机质相关性越高的元素,其重叠度也越高、正负一致性也越好;在所有8种重金属元素的PLSR预测模型中,Ni、Cr的建模与预测效果较好,RPD值分别为1.94、1.80,模型具有一般的定量预测能力,其余6种重金属元素预测模型的RPD值均在1.00和1.40之间,模型只具备区别高值和低值的预测能力.该研究结果为大尺度区域土壤重金属污染的高光谱遥感监测提供了一定的理论依据与参考.     

重金属含量的高光谱建模反演:考古土壤中的应用

基于反射高光谱快速、无损的检测优势,以不同历史时期考古土壤作为光谱信息来源,应用相关分析和多元变量统计方法,构建了历史时期土壤重金属含量的高光谱反演模型.结果表明,Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Pb含量与原始光谱在400～550nm和1000～2500nm存在显著相关,微分转换有助于提取土壤中重金属元素信息.一阶微分光谱的多...     

Advanced Antiscaling Interfacial Materials toward Highly Efficient Heat Energy Transfer

The energy problem has been a matter of some concern worldwide over the past 20 years. On the opposite side of energy production, energy loss is another crucial problem of current energy due to the low efficiency of heat transfer from scale deposition. However, less attention has been paid on the further development of advanced antiscaling interfacial materials, which may provide promising ways to save energy by reducing scale fouling. Herein, the development of antiscaling strategies is summarized from the basic theories and fabrication methods to antiscaling interfacial materials with potential applications. First, the mechanism of scale formation and the corresponding effect on thermal conductivity are introduced. Second, the typical fabrication approaches of antiscaling interfacial materials are briefly described. Finally, the performance, potential applications, future challenges, and opportunities of the advanced antiscaling interfacial materials are comprehensively discussed.