太阳能海水淡化技术

太阳能海水淡化技术无污染、低能耗、生产规模可有机组合,是有效解决淡水危机的新途径.介绍了现有的海水淡化技术,分析了太阳能海水淡化,尤其是中高温槽式太阳能闪蒸法海水淡化系统.     

海水淡化技术进展及能源综合利用

海水淡化技术是将海水中的盐和水分离的技术。介绍国内外海水淡化技术发展历程,指明未来海水淡化技术发展方向,并结合我国能源现状建议采用水电联产低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统。该系统利用电厂的低品热源作为海水淡化过程的热源,实现能源的综合利用,降低制水成本,是适应我国国情、解决沿海地区淡水资源短缺的有效途径。     

波浪能海水淡化的应用研究

简要介绍了"十五"期间在广东省汕尾市研建的波浪能海水淡化系统的组成和工作原理.为了验证波浪能海水淡化装置运行的实用性和可靠性,在国内外波浪能海水淡化研究的基础上,对汕尾波浪能海水淡化装置进行了不同操作压力情况下的试验研究.研究结果表明,随着高压海水压力的升高,产出淡水量会明显增加,淡水质量提高,装置产出淡水的能耗较低.     

核能海水淡化

能源与水源是现代社会发展必不可少的两种重要资源。海水淡化技术已是解决全球淡水资源危机的重要途径。核能与海水淡化结合可以满足能源和淡水的持续增长的需求,是海水淡化降低成本、走向大型化的趋势,必将会成为越来越有前途和广阔市场的技术。     

直接减压式太阳能海水淡化装置

本文介绍已获国家专利（申请号：９８２１４８９９．２）的太阳能海水淡化设备。设备利用高效太阳能集热技术加热海水，利用真空减压技术收集水蒸汽制备淡水，该设备是一种适于为缺乏淡水的海边和岛屿生活的人们提供淡水的处理设备。     

TVC-MED海水淡化技术在电厂中的应用

正随着水资源短缺问题的日趋严重,海水淡化将成为我国解决沿海地区淡水资源短缺问题的重要措施。我国沿海地区有丰富的海水资源,用海水淡化技术提纯淡水,以满足电厂用     

新型平板太阳能集热器海水淡化系统研究

海水淡化是利用海水脱盐生产淡水的技术和过程。多效蒸馏海水淡化原理是高温蒸汽或热水与海水进行热交换,海水被加热,蒸发出的水蒸气冷凝得到淡水,但其结垢和腐蚀问题比较严重。低温多效蒸馏是多效蒸馏技术的一种改进技术,操作温度较低,避免和减轻了海水对设备造成的腐蚀与结垢问题,     

热法太阳能海水淡化技术研究进展

海水淡化技术的应用是解决淡水资源短缺问题的有效措施,以化石燃料为海水淡化的驱动力会加快能源短缺、导致环境污染等问题,相比之下,利用太阳能加热海水进行淡化对环境友好,既缓解了淡水资源匮乏的问题,又符合可持续发展的要求.另外,在加热海水的过程中,可以回收利用冷凝潜热,提高海水淡化系统的单位产水量.因此,整理了太阳能与传统热...     

水蒸气吸附/解吸海水淡化技术特点及优势

针对现有反渗透、多级闪蒸、多效蒸馏等传统海水淡化技术存在的热源温度要求高、产水率低、能耗和电耗高等问题,介绍了一种新型的海水淡化工艺和技术——水蒸气吸附/解吸海水淡化技术。该技术具有能量利用率高,所产淡水水质高,对驱动热源的适应性广,可利用太阳能、地热等可再生能源等优点,有利于技术推广和成果转化,是一种海水淡化领域的前沿技术,具有良好的节能效果、社会效益和海洋生态效益。     

两种新型海水淡化器的设计

海水淡化作为当今世界竞相研究的高新技术,是解决淡水紧缺的一条有效途径.本文在已有淡化技术的基础上,大胆创新,提出了电磁混合场海水淡化器和汽缸式闪急蒸馏海水淡化器两种新的设计.     

低温多效海水淡化工程材料的选用

通过对众和海水淡化工程有限公司参与设计并制造的三台低温多效海水淡化设备的研究,介绍了低温多效海水淡化工程用材料的选取,探讨了常用在低温多效海水淡化工程上的一些材料及其性能。在此基础上提出了对低温多效海水淡化工程材料选取的一些建议。     

Integration of thermal energy and seawater desalination

Energy and freshwater shortage are the bottlenecks restricting China's economic development. The integration of energy utilization system and seawater desalination is considered as an innovative technology enabling efficient simultaneous use of middle or low temperature thermal energy and supply freshwater. Three feasible approaches to integrate seawater desalination with energy utilization system are presented in this paper, including combinations of the desalination process with a Combined Cooling Heating & Power system (CCHP), a power plant, or a solar thermal utilization system. In addition, the feasibility and advantages of a seawater desalination system combined with a power plant are described. The findings indicate that combining seawater desalination with industrial processes is a feasible and promising way to solve the problems of the lack of freshwater and low efficient use of low temperature thermal energy in coastland areas.     

Alleviating freshwater shortages with combined desert-based large-scale renewable energy and coastal desalination plants supported by Global Energy Interconnection

Under the background of sustainable energy transition and environmental protection, Global Energy Interconnection (GEI), which features an innovative combination of clean energy (e.g., solar power) and ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission technologies, provides a means to realize global climate governance. China is a large country with unevenly distributed water resources, energy production, and energy consumption, and the large areas of desert in northern and western China have the potential for installing large-scale solar power plants. This study analyzed the potential of using large-scale solar power from deserts to coastal seawater desalination plants, which could alleviate the freshwater crisis and control desertification in China. First, the measurement data from NASA were used to estimate the potential exploitable amount of solar energy in desert areas. A macro idea was proposed for the transmission of electrical power from inland integrated energy bases to coastal seawater desalination and pumping of freshwater to western China to combat desertification and alleviate the freshwater crisis. Based on this, the electricity demands for desalination and water redistribution were estimated. As a huge interruptible load, desalination and pumping systems could be used to suppress power fluctuations of the integrated energy bases. Finally, the fundamental support roles of UHV grids in large-scale renewable energy allocation and utilization were discussed. This analysis offers a theoretical framework to help realize efficient renewable energy generation and consumption and alleviate freshwater shortage.     

A prototype flash cooling desalination system using cooling water effluents

This paper presents a flash cooling desalination system to reduce thermal pollution and also to produce freshwater using the heat rejected by the process plant into the environment. The prototype plant was erected in an existing coal‐based thermal power plant at North Chennai, India. It consists of an air‐tight barometric sealed flash cooler, positioned at a level at least 10.13 m above the ground level, for the feed seawater to flow under the effect of gravity and to maintain a low pressure. The prototype plant was tested by using a small fraction of the available flows without using any mechanical energy such as motive steam from the power plant. A freshwater production rate of 0.49% of the feed seawater is obtained from the available thermal gradient of 8.5 °C from the condenser reject heat of the power plant, and then the waste water is discharged at near intake concentration of salinity into the sea. The temperature of hot feed seawater is also reduced by 3 °C. The results are used to provide an outline technical specification for larger capacity desalination plant to meet the growing need for freshwater. This is an environment friendly desalination process and consumes no chemicals as it operates at near ambient temperature. This can be effectively utilized for the generation of freshwater, besides protecting the marine ecosystem along the shore, and reducing the load on the cooling tower or eliminating the need for it completely. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海水淡化技术的研究进展

淡水资源的紧缺已成为一个世界性问题。我国水资源匮乏,海水淡化包括西北地区的苦咸水淡化,将成为解决我国沿海地区和岛屿、华北和西北部分干旱地区等缺水问题的重要手段。海水淡化技术在国外已得到广泛应用,在我国也日趋重视。分析了海水淡化不同技术的原理、特点及其应用情况,指出与热力发电厂余热利用相结合的多效蒸馏法、多级闪蒸法将体现其明显的经济性,而且可在掌握系统技术的基础上,开发相应的成套设备。     

GIS-based assessment of combined CSP electric power and seawater desalination plant for Duqum—Oman

This paper investigates the potential of implementing combined electric power and seawater desalination plant using concentrated solar power technologies for Wilayat Duqum in Oman. Duqum is going through a considerable urban, touristic and industrial expansion and development. GIS solar radiation tools are used to select the most appropriate site for the plant location. There are basically two different options to combine concentrated solar electric power with seawater desalination. The first option is to combine a CSP plant with a thermal desalination unit, exploiting the exhaust heat of the steam cycle to drive a thermal desalination unit. The second option is to exploit only the electricity output of the CSP plant with a reverse osmosis desalination unit. The paper deals with both options and shows where each of the concepts has advantages considering local conditions: the quality of the input water, the demand of freshwater and/or potable water, social and economic aspects, the environment and others.     

A novel integrated solar desalination system with multi-stage evaporation/heat recovery processes

A novel small-sized integrated solar desalination system with multi-stage evaporation/heat recovery processes is designed and tested in this study. The system consists of four linked collecting units and operates under barotropic and atmospheric pressure. Each of the four units contains a seawater tank and at least one solar collecting/desalination panel mainly comprising a simplified CPC (Compound Parabolic Concentrator) and an all-glass evacuated tube collector. In the last three units, heat exchangers made of copper tubes are inserted concentrically into the all-glass evacuated tubes to recover heat. In each unit, an independent desalination process including solar collecting, heat recovery (no heat recovered in the first unit) and seawater evaporation can be carried out completely. The experimental results show that the freshwater field of the designed system can reach as high as 1.25 kg/(h m²) in the autumn and the system total efficiency is close to 0.9. Both experimental results provide a striking demonstration that the designed solar desalination system has outstanding performance in solar collecting, heat recovery and seawater evaporation.     

一种新型太阳能、风能联合海水淡化装置

淡水资源短缺已成为一个世界性问题,我国也不例外.为了加大淡水供应,一条现实的途径就是充分利用我国丰富的海水资源,以及西北内陆地区的苦咸水(统称海水)进行淡化.提出了一种海水淡化装置,该装置利用温室效应原理和风能致热原理,可充分利用太阳能与风能进行海水淡化.与现有海水淡化装置相比该装置具有利用清洁能源、对环境无污染、适应性强、性价比高等特点.理论计算结果表明,该装置每小时产水量约为普通盘式太阳能海水淡化装置在晴天工作时的2倍.