Optimization of glass batch preparation

An optimum cyclogram for dosing small additives in glass batch preparation is considered, taking into account indirect control of mixing quality based on the mixer motor power. A scheme of preparation and introduction of a premix of selenium and cobalt oxide with a filler is described. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 2, pp. 3–4, February, 2000.     

γ-丁内酯制备N-甲基吡咯烷酮的研究

以γ-丁内酯和甲胺水溶液为原料合成了N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),利用气相色谱仪和全自动电位滴定仪对原料和产物进行了分析,考察了间歇反应的反应温度、反应时间、不同原料的配比等因素对NMP收率的影响,并搭建了连续化装置,在间歇反应条件的基础上进行了连续化实验,进一步优化了反应条件,为中试研究过程提供了基础数据。     

Utilization of some Egyptian Raw Materials in Ceramic Tiles

Silicon - A ceramic tile batch from Egyptian raw materials includes kaolin, quartz and feldspar in addition to few additive of bentonite is designed. The phase and chemical composition of the raw...     

陶瓷原料分类的人工神经网络模型

抽取陶瓷原料特征参数,建立3层BP人工神经网络模型,据此对陶瓷原料进行模式识别和分类.研究结果表明:经该模型计算所得的分类结果和实际情况相吻合.该方法有助于在配方过程中遴选陶瓷原料,值得推广.     

现代玻璃配方核算及其实现方法

配方核算既是配方设计的输出,也是对设计输出验证。现代玻璃配方核算已不再局限于原料用量的核算,那些影响配合料制备品质、熔制品质的要素已然成为配方核算的核心任务。本文从料单核算和配合料性质核算两个方面介绍现代玻璃配方核算的特点及其实现方法。     

Effect of aluminum-containing raw materials on the melting of borosilicate glass for fiber

Aluminum-containing raw materials for the synthesis of aluminum-borosilicate glasses for E-glass fiber should be rationally chosen to comprehensively assess their effect on the glass melting processes. The characteristic properties of the chemical, phase, and granulometric composition of the raw materials such as metallurgical alumina, non-metallurgical alumina, disthene, and kaolin were under study. It was revealed that the type of aluminum-containing raw materials significantly influenced the rate of glass formation processes and heat consumption required for these processes. The efficiency of aluminum-containing raw materials is influenced by the following factors: the phase composition, which determines the sequence and rate of phase transformations, as well as the heat-absorbing ability of the furnace batch and glass melt. The most energy-efficient material is non-metallurgical alumina of the White Alumina brand. Using it facilitates saving energy resources for glass formation processes from 2.64% to 16.30% as compared with other types of aluminum-containing raw materials. The use of kaolin proves to be the least efficient due to the additional energy consumption for the process of destruction of the crystal structure of kaolinite, the reduced thermal conductivity of the batch, and the thermal transparency of the borosilicate glass melt.     

元配料之概念

在以原料作为配料计算的基础之上 ,提出了“元配料”的概念 ,并指出了在坯釉料配方计算、配合料制备、建立预报性能的数学模型以及寻优等方面应用的可能性。元配料概念的提出及其应用将可简化以上工作 ,使之更加迅捷有效 ,并更容易实现程式化电算 ,从而成为陶瓷工艺人员的有用工具 ;而且 ,还可望简化生产组织和提高管理水平 ,并对构建我国的陶瓷原料加工工业 ,早日实现坯料商品化起到一定的促进和推动作用。     

输液瓶配合料增加碎玻璃用量的尝试

输液瓶配合料增加碎玻璃用量的尝试董孝兴（南通玻璃一厂２２６００１）ＡＴｒｉａｌｏｆＩｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇＣｕｌｌｅｔｉｎＢａｔｃｈｆｏｒＬｉｑｕｉｄＴｒａｎｓｆｕｓｉｏｎＢｏｔｔｌｅｓ￥ＤｏｎｇＸｉａｏｘｉｎｇ（ＮａｎｔｏｎｇＮｏ．１ＧｌａｓｓＦａｃｔ...     

金华瓷的研制

叙述了利用当地原料──硝河土研制高档日用瓷的过程，并列出了坯料配方和釉料配方。     

改进称量秤斗,提高配合料质量,降低生产成本

在原料车间配料称量平台的纯碱秤和白云石秤的秤斗上表面增设呼吸罩,取消秤斗表面原有的除尘风罩,能够大大地减少原料消耗,提高配合料质量,降低生产成本.实践证明,此方法具有应用和推广价值.     

Profitability as a criterion of batch process control design

Batch processes have in some cases many advantages in comparison with continuous processes even though continuous processes are becoming common.

The main disadvantages of batch processes are the discontinuous usage of raw materials and energy as well as the discontinuous production thus causing difficulties in power plant and other continuous processes connected with the batch process in question. If there are several parallel process units, difficulties can arise with parallel process unit sequencing and product quality equalization. However, with the aid of computer control these and other disadvantages are eliminated or minimized so that total automation of batch processes is possible.

In this paper the basic principles of batch process control design are considered, with particular emphasis on the economic justification criterion. As an example, a computer control design of sulphate batch digesters is considered. This approach is based on more than 20 implementations of batch process automation.     

Removal of aqueous phenol and 2‐chlorophenol with purified soybean peroxidase and raw soybean hulls

In this study, the removal of phenol and 2‐chlorophenol using soybean seed‐hulls in the presence of hydrogen peroxide is demonstrated. The performance of a stirred membrane reactor containing soluble purified SBP was compared with a batch stirred reactor containing raw soybean seed‐hulls. The purified enzyme reactor proved to be ineffective while excellent results were obtained with the crude seed‐hulls for the removal of phenol and 2‐chlorophenol. Four sequential batch reactors containing raw seed‐hulls achieved greater than 96% removal of phenol with a retention time of 20 min in each reactor. A single batch reactor containing raw seed‐hulls was effective in removing greater than 98.5% of 2‐chlorophenol (initially at 1000 ppm) in less than 15 min. The performance of these reactors is comparable to existing HRP‐based technology. The stability of the soybean peroxidase (SBP) enzyme was also examined in the presence of detergents (SDS, Tween 20 and Triton X‐100). Low concentrations of the detergents significantly increased the enzyme activity and higher concentrations of detergents (up to 20% w/v) did not inactivate the SBP enzyme. These results demonstrate that SBP has good potential for the treatment of phenol contaminated solutions. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of raw starch in a membrane reactor

A kinetic model for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of raw starch is proposed. The model includes the effect of ethanol on an active site for saccharification and the decay of a raw starch affinity site. The kinetic parameters were determined by using the experimental results of a batch saccharification and a long-term repeated-batch SSF of raw sweet potato starch. From analysis of the experimental results it is concluded that two subsites took part in ethanol inhibition, and that the inactivation of the raw starch affinity site was induced by adsorption of glucoamylase onto raw starch. The proposed kinetic model successfully predicted the progress of continuous SSF in a membrane reactor.     

Production of Bacillus thuringiensis‐based biopesticides in batch and fed batch cultures using wastewater sludge as a raw material

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki was grown in batch and fed batch cultures using wastewater sludge as a raw material. A simple fed batch strategy based on dissolved oxygen measurement during the fermentation cycle was developed in this work. It was established that while shifting the process strategy from batch to fed batch, the maximum spore concentration was increased from 5.62 × 10⁸ to 8.6 × 10⁸ colony forming units per cm³ and resulted in an increase of entomocidal activity from 13 × 10⁹ to 18 × 10⁹ spruce budworm potency units per dm³. Higher entomotoxicity was recorded at low spore concentration using wastewater sludge as a raw material whereas low entomotoxicity was reported at high spore concentration in synthetic medium. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

混合料质量检验与控制的几点看法

介绍了混合料的质量检测与控制的几个环节,提出设计智能的配料控制系统,解决当前配料自动化控制中存在的问题,实现混合料质量的进一步提高。最后强调了制定标准、加强细节管理的重要性。     

优化原料与配合料控制实现节能降耗

简要介绍了玻璃原料及配合料控制方面的节能情况及发展动向.     

废溶剂油中二甲苯/醋酸丁酯分离研究

研究了以均相间歇精馏和非均相共沸间歇精馏从工业废溶剂油中分离二甲苯和醋酸丁酯。对预处理后的原料进行了间歇精馏工艺实验研究,考察了分离温度、时间、回流比、共沸剂与废溶剂油的体积比等操作参数对分离过程的影响,结果表明,均相精馏分离温度从114.6~126.5℃。均相精馏中醋酸丁酯的收率和纯度为75%和80%,二甲苯收率和纯度为75%和90%。非均相共沸精馏分离温度从88~91.2℃,非均相共沸精馏中醋酸丁酯的收率和纯度为93%和60%,二甲苯收率和纯度为85%和95%。     

配合料制粒技术在玻璃生产熔化工艺中的应用

主要介绍配合料制粒技术在浮法玻璃生产中的试验应用,通过在试验中发现问题并探索解决方案,逐步将配合料制粒技术加以完善,以实现产业化推广,达到节能降耗、提升产品品质的目的,同时为玻璃生产中原料制备技术的创新提供一种思路。     

日用玻璃原料与燃料对CO2减排影响的研究

从玻璃原料和燃料两方面论述了日用玻璃生产中CO2的来源和减排措施.宜在原料方面采取控制日用玻璃配合料气体率、添加活性原料、加大碎玻璃掺入量;燃料优选焦炉煤气和天然气,限制发生炉煤气的使用,建议推广使用富氧燃烧技术等有效措施,有利于大幅降低CO2排放,同时分析了CO2减排效果.     

提高配合料质量的技术措施

通过我厂在提高配合料质量方面取得的一些成效,系统地阐述了提高配合料质量,在原料组成、原料粒度、原料称量、原料混合等方面采取地切实可行的技术措施及实际控制指标.