填料塔中碱性水溶液对空气中微量CO2的净化

在填料吸收塔中研究了NaOH水溶液(0.30～0.97 kmol·m^-3)以及有机胺水溶液(MEA：0.10～0.50 kmol·m^-3；DEA：0.10～0.50 kmol·m^-3)吸收空气中微量CO₂的过程，并建立了该过程的数学模型，用NaOH水溶液吸收空气中微量CO₂的实验结果估算了填料的有效相界面积a_v，并根据有效相界面积以及有机胺水溶液吸收CO₂的实验结果预测了MEA、DEA水溶液吸收空气中微量CO₂的总反应速率常数(k_ov)_exp.由实验结果计算得到的总反应速率常数与数学模型能很好地吻合.     

填料塔中的NaOH水溶液脱除空气中微量CO2的传质动力学

在填料吸收塔中测定了25℃时NaOH水溶液吸收空气中微量CO2的体积传质总系数(KGαv)．并研究了进口气体中CO2的含量、气体流量、吸收液喷淋密度以及NaOH浓度对体积传质总系数的影响。进口气体中CO2的含量、气体流量、吸收液喷淋密度对KGαv的影响较小;NaOH浓度对KGαv的影响较大,随着NaOH浓度的增加,KGαv显著提高。     

室内空气中微量NO2的净化研究

分别在鼓泡反应器和填料吸收塔中研究了Na2SO3/MEA混合水溶液对室内空气中微量NO2的净化过程。在鼓泡反应器中,蒸馏水以及MEA水溶液对NO2的净化效率较低,Na2SO3水溶液对NO2的净化效率较高,且Na2SO3的浓度越高,净化效率越高;Na2SO3容易被空气中的O2氧化,当向溶液中加入少量的MEA时,能够很好地抑制Na2SO3与O2的氧化反应,混合溶液对NO2的净化效率基本不随时间的增加而改变。在填料吸收塔内,气体流量与Na2SO3的浓度是影响净化效率的主要因素,液体流量以及进口气体中NO2的含量对净化效率的影响较小。     

K2CO3反应器填料塔二乙醇胺促进CO2吸收工艺研究

研究了二乙醇胺(DEA)浓度对反应器填充柱中质量百分比30%的碳酸钾(K_2CO_3)水溶液反应吸收的影响。考察实验条件,温度40～80℃,DEA浓度为(1%～3%),流量为(0.5,0.75,1)L·min~(-1)。用滴定法测定液体样品中的CO_2负荷。研究结果表明,DEA在70℃,浓度为3%,流量为1L·min~(-1)条件下对CO_2的吸收效果最好,获得CO_2负荷的最佳效果为0.066mol·mol~(-1)K_2CO_3,CO_2去除率为28%。随着DEA浓度的增加,负载能力和CO_2去除率均增加。     

填料塔中碳酸钾/哌嗪混合吸收液脱除CO2的体积传质系数

The process of removing dilute CO2 from air by using me mixtures of K2CO3 and piperazine (PZ) was conducted in a random packed tower at 25℃. The results showed that PZ increased the absorption rate of CO2 into aqueous K2 CO3 much more effectively than MEA or DEA. The volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient (KGa) of dilute CO2 absorption into K2CO3/PZ was measured. The KGa value was evaluated over the ranges of main operating variables: the concentration of CO2 in inlet gas, gas flow rate, liquid loading, CO2 loading in liquid phase, and the concentrations of K2CO3 and PZ. The test showed that KGa could be remarkably improved by increasing liquid loading and the concentration of PZ, and decreasing the concentration of CO2 in inlet gas, as well as the gas flow rate and CO2 loading in liquid phase.     

填料塔中活化MDEA吸收CO2的模拟研究

根据近期国内外关于活化MDEA(N 甲基二乙醇胺)溶液吸收二氧化碳的基础研究,以及有关填料塔的研究结果,针对目前脱碳工业设计与改造的需求,对工业脱碳塔的吸收过程进行了深入研究。以化学工程的基本原理为基础建立了数学模型,对活化MDEA脱碳过程中吸收塔的塔高计算提出了新的模拟方法,建立了相应的模拟软件,通过与工业实际的对比,计算获得了较好的效果。     

板波纹填料塔中的液体分布

根据透明有机波纹填料片内染色液体流动分布的实验研究 ,提出了板波纹填料塔内液体流动模型 ,并对真实填料塔进行了实例计算 ,所得结果对于填料塔实际操作具有指导意义     

规整填料塔中氨水吸收CO2的体积总传质系数

目前,CO₂排放问题已经成为世界各国可持续发展面临的重要挑战。以化学溶剂吸收法工艺为基础的燃烧后脱碳是当前比较成熟的已进入工业规模实验的技术路线。而氨水作为一种新的吸收剂受到广泛关注。以气相体积传质系数（K_Ga_e）作为表征,对规整填料塔中氨水吸收CO₂的传质性能进行了研究,探索了气速、CO₂分压、液速和氨水浓度对K_Ga_e的影响。实验结果表明,在本文的工况条件下,K_Ga_e随液速和氨水浓度的增大而增大,随CO₂分压的增大有所减小,气速对K_Ga_e的影响不大。实验结果对今后填料塔的设计工作的经济性和合理性有一定指导作用。     

填料塔中钠碱溶液脱除烟气中SO_2研究

在内径为400 mm的填料塔内,以Na2SO3为吸收剂进行了烟气脱硫模拟实验研究,重点考察了吸收液pH值、液气比(VL/Vg)、空塔气速、烟气中SO2初始浓度、吸收液温度及吸收剂初始浓度等对脱硫率的影响,确定出各影响因素与脱硫率间的关系及实验室规模下本工艺适宜的操作条件。结果表明,在吸收液pH=6—7、液气比1—2 L/m3、空塔气速1—1.5 m/s、吸收液温度50℃以下、吸收剂Na2SO3初始浓度0.3—0.5 mol/L、进口SO2质量浓度约为4 300 mg/m3时,脱硫率均可大于80%。实验结果可为实际脱硫装置设计及运行提供必要的基础数据。     

MODELING OF COPPER ION REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING MODIFIED SILICA BEADS

Silica beads, containing 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenoneoximc (LIX84) were prepared in order to examine the removal of copper ions from aqueous waste solutions. The process for copper ion removal using the modified silica beads was mathematically modeled using both a non-equilibrium model and an equilibrium model. The external mass transfer coefficient and effective diffusivity inside the bead pore were estimated by matching the experimental data and predicted values from the model, and the results were compared. The results of the two models were similar and in good agreement because of the relatively faster reaction rate than mass transfer rate. Sensitivity analyses showed that the external mass transfer has more influence on the copper ion removal system because of hydrophobic effects.     

MODELING OF COPPER ION REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING MODIFIED SILICA BEADS

Silica beads, containing 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenoneoximc (LIX84) were prepared in order to examine the removal of copper ions from aqueous waste solutions. The process for copper ion removal using the modified silica beads was mathematically modeled using both a non-equilibrium model and an equilibrium model. The external mass transfer coefficient and effective diffusivity inside the bead pore were estimated by matching the experimental data and predicted values from the model, and the results were compared. The results of the two models were similar and in good agreement because of the relatively faster reaction rate than mass transfer rate. Sensitivity analyses showed that the external mass transfer has more influence on the copper ion removal system because of hydrophobic effects.     

REMOVAL OF VOCs FROM THE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY PERVAPORATION USING A FILLING-TYPE MEMBRANE

The membranes were prepared by the incorporation of highly hydrophobic silicalite and carbon molecular sieves (CMS) from different precursors into the PDMS casting solutions. The pervaporative removal of VOCs, such as benzene, from aqueous solutions was carried out using the separation factor and permeation flux as the evaluating parameters. The effects of the CMS types and structures, feed concentrations on the pervaporation performance were preliminarily investigated.     

HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING TiO2, MgO,AND Al2O3 NANOPARTICLES

This study investigated the removal of Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Pb²⁺ from aqueous solutions using nanoparticle sorbents (TiO₂, MgO, and Al₂O₃) with a range of experimental approaches. The maximum uptake values (sum of four metals) with multiple component solutions were 594.9, 114.6, and 49.4 mg g^?1, for MgO, Al₂O₃, and TiO₂, respectively. The sorption equilibrium isotherms were described using the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The best interpretation for experiment data was given by the Freundlich model for Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ni²⁺ in single- and multiple-component solutions. A first-order kinetic model adequately described the experimental data using MgO, Al₂O₃, and TiO₂. SEM-EDX both before and after metal sorption and soil solution saturation indices (SI) in MgO nanoparticles indicated that the main sorption mechanism for heavy metals was attributable to adsorption and precipitation, whereas heavy metal sorption by TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ adsorbents was due to adsorption. These nanoparticles may potentially be used as efficient sorbents for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. MgO nanoparticles were the most promising sorbents because of their high metal uptake.     

选择性氧化脱除甲醇重整氢源中CO的研究

微量CO会使质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的PtRu/C电极中毒,从而降低燃料电池的性能。本文研究了堇青石蜂窝陶瓷基体涂覆Al_2O_3载体担载Pt、Pd、Ru、Rh等活性组分选择性氧化脱除甲醇重整气中CO的性能,同时研究了Cu、Fe、Sn、Co、La、Ce、Zr等助剂对催化剂性能的影响。结果显示Pt/Al_2O_3整体催化剂能够有效地脱除重整气中的CO,助剂Cu、Fe、Sn、Co的加入使得反应的温度区间向低温移动,其中Co的加入明显提高了CO的转化率和选择性。     

离子交换纤维法去除碱性废水中硫氰酸根的研究

研究了离子交换纤维去除碱性废水中SCN-的可能性,考察了纤维用量、反应时间、初始pH、温度等因素对废水中SCN-去除率的影响,并研究了SCN-的交换等温线。结果表明,强碱性离子交换纤维可有效实现对碱性废水中SCN-的去除,其最佳条件是:反应时间为5 min,反应初始pH为8～11,温度为30℃,在此条件下,SCN-的去除率可达99.5%左右。离子交换纤维去除碱性废水中SCN-的过程受温度影响较大,且满足Boyd液膜扩散公式和Freundlish等温式。     

脱碳系统二氧化碳中氢气含量高的原因及解决措施

探讨KBR1500t／d合成氨装置脱碳系统送往尿素装置的二氧化碳中氢气含量高的原因,从优化工艺条件、提高操作水平及加强工艺管理几方面采取措施,保证装置平稳运行。