Zn1-xCoxO纳米稀磁半导体的光催化性能

通过水热法合成了不同掺杂比例的一维Zn1-xCoxO(x=0,0.03,0.06和0.09)纳米棒,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、紫外可见光吸收光谱(UV-vis)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等研究了样品的晶体结构、形貌、磁性能、光吸收性能和光催化性能。结果表明:不同掺杂比例的Zn1-xCoxO均为结晶良好的六方纤锌矿结构,Co2+以替代Zn2+的形式进入到ZnO晶格中。样品形貌为一维纳米棒状结构,分散性良好。Co掺杂ZnO使得样品的能带隙减小,可见光吸收增加。掺杂样品在室温下具有明显的铁磁性,掺杂样品能增强降解有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化活性。     

Cu-Co共掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体的水热法制备与性能

采用水热法了制备不同掺杂比例的Zn0.95Cu0.05-xCoxO(x=0,0.025,0.05)稀磁半导体材料。X射线衍射(XRD)表明所有样品具有结晶良好的纤锌矿结构,随着Co掺杂量的增加点阵常数有所增大。高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)发现所有样品形貌为纳米棒状结构,分散性良好。X射线能量色散分析仪(EDS)测试结果说明样品中Cu2+、Co2+是以替代的形式进入ZnO晶格中。光致发光光谱(PL)研究发现在所有样品中都存在较强的紫外发光峰、蓝光发光峰和绿光发光峰,而且峰位发生蓝移。振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究结果表明掺杂样品在室温条件下存在具有铁磁性。     

电弧放电方法制备Co掺杂AlN纳米棒

AlN是一种性能优良的半导体材料,理论预测其可能具有过渡金属掺杂的室温铁磁性,因而受到广泛的重视.采用电弧放电方法,通过电弧熔炼Al、Co块体获得合金,然后使合金在放电过程中与通入的氮气直接反应,首次获得了Co掺杂AlN纳米棒.纳米棒的长度约为几个微米,直径在40～120 nm之间,并在磁性能测试中观察到了室温铁磁性.对不同区域产物的物相,化学组成和显微结构进行了分析表征.     

Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)共掺杂锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米带的制备和表征

通过使用离子交换法和水热法,简单制备了一系列不同含量的Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)共掺杂锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米带.使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶红外(FTIR)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等各种测试技术对这些样品进行了表征.结果表明,Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)皆掺入TiO_2晶格中,没有发现任何钴或镍金属簇或金属纳米粒子存在,也未发现有它们的氧化物第二相存在.磁性测试结果证实,所有掺杂样品皆有室温铁磁性,但所表现的磁性行为很复杂,同时具有铁磁性和顺磁性.     

Co掺杂Fe_2O_3-SBA-15磁性材料的制备及性能

利用溶胶凝胶-水热法以及浸渍法制备了Fe及Co掺杂的SBA-15介孔纳米磁性材料,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对制备的各种纳米磁性材料进行结构以及性能的测试、表征。实验结果显示掺杂的Fe以Fe2O3纳米颗粒存在于介孔分子筛的孔壁内,而掺杂的Co则以Co3O4纳米颗粒的形式存在于SBA-15介孔材料的孔道中,进而得到了具有复合结构的Co3O4/Fe2O3-SBA-15纳米磁性材料。进一步研究发现掺杂后的SBA-15介孔材料呈现铁磁性,而且随着Co3O4及Fe2O3纳米磁性材料含量的增加,依靠纳米磁性材料之间的交换耦合作用,SBA-15介孔材料的磁性能逐渐增强。     

尖晶石型Zn_(1-x)Co_xFe_2O_4纳米颗粒的制备与性能

以CTAB为表面活性剂,采用水热法成功制备不同掺杂比例的尖晶石型Zn_(1-x)Co_xFe_2O_4(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6)纳米颗粒,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线能量色散分析(EDS)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试手段对样品的化学成分、形貌、晶体结构、粒度、光学性能和磁学性能进行表征。结果表明:不同掺杂比例的Zn_(1-x)Co_xFe_2O_4纳米颗粒均为结晶良好的立方尖晶石型结构,Co~(2+)以替代Zn~(2+)的形式掺杂进入到ZnFe_2O_4晶格中;随着Co掺杂量的增加,晶粒尺寸呈增大趋势,晶格常数发生膨胀。样品形貌为不规则的椭球形颗粒状,粒度比较均匀。纯ZnFe_2O_4纳米晶在室温下呈现超顺磁性,掺杂样品在室温下都具有明显的铁磁性。     

垂直生长于锌基底的Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒阵列显著室温铁磁性能

通过简单的水热合成法在锌片基底上一步制备了Co掺杂的ZnO纳米棒阵列。纳米棒在基底上均匀分布,取向一致,垂直于基底大面积生长。样品结构均为六方纤锌矿结构,具有高结晶质量,不含其它杂相。随着Co掺杂浓度的增加,紫外发射峰强度逐渐下降,近带隙发射峰的半峰宽也较纯ZnO变宽。拉曼光谱显示Co的掺杂使纳米棒出现了氧空位和锌填隙本征缺陷。随着Co浓度的增加这些缺陷也随之增加。掺杂纳米棒阵列的磁滞回线表明样品具有明显的铁磁特征,并有较大的矫顽力Hc~660 Oe。这种ZnO基稀磁半导体纳米棒阵列是一种在自旋电子器件中具有应用潜力的纳米材料。     

水热法制备F/Mn共掺杂SnO_2纳米粒子的合成与表征（英文）

采用水热法制备了具有金红石结构的F-Mn共掺杂SnO_2纳米粒子,研究了碱源、pH值、掺杂剂、表面活性剂、煅烧温度对F/Mn共掺杂SnO_2纳米粒子晶相、微观形貌、分散性和光学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计对F-Mn共掺杂SnO_2纳米粒子进行了表征。结果表明,该方法可以获得较高的结晶度、较小的粒径和分散良好的F-Mn共掺杂SnO_2纳米粒子。F-Mn共掺杂SnO_2涂层具有较好采光的同时有较好的近红外屏蔽性能,其中可见光透过率约为90%,近红外阻隔率约为93%。     

垂直生长于锌基底的Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒阵列显著室温铁磁性能（英文）

通过简单的水热合成法在锌片基底上一步制备了Co掺杂的ZnO纳米棒阵列。纳米棒在基底上均匀分布,取向一致,垂直于基底大面积生长。样品结构均为六方纤锌矿结构,具有高结晶质量,不含其它杂相。随着Co掺杂浓度的增加,紫外发射峰强度逐渐下降,近带隙发射峰的半峰宽也较纯ZnO变宽。拉曼光谱显示Co的掺杂使纳米棒出现了氧空位和锌填隙本征缺陷。随着Co浓度的增加这些缺陷也随之增加。掺杂纳米棒阵列的磁滞回线表明样品具有明显的铁磁特征,并有较大的矫顽力H c=52.8 k A/m。这种ZnO基稀磁半导体纳米棒阵列是一种在自旋电子器件中具有应用潜力的纳米材料。     

P型Sr0．5Co4-xFexSb12化合物的制备及高温热电性能

采用熔融法结合放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术合成了P型填充方钴矿化合物Sr0．5Co4-xFexSb12，并研究了Fe掺杂对该化合物高温热电性能的影响。采用X．射线衍射（XRD）及电子探针（EPMA）表征了化合物的物相及化学成分，在300～850K温度范围内测试了化合物的电导率、赛贝克系数和热导率，采用Vande Pauw方法测试了化合物的室温载流子浓度。实验结果表明，化合物的主要相组成为Sr0．5Co4-xFexSb12方钴矿相，同时含有少量FeSb2和CoSb2杂质相。化合物的赛贝克系数均为正值，表明为空穴导电。随着Fe掺杂量的增加，化合物的载流子浓度及电导率增加，赛贝克系数降低，晶格热导率降低，最小室温晶格热导率为1．97 Wm^-1K^-2。对于化合物Sr0．5Co2.32Fe1.68Sb12在850K时获得的最大热电性能指数ZT约为0．60。     

Fabrication of Co-doped ZnO nanorods for spintronic devices

Herein, single-crystalline Zn_1?xCo_xO (0.0≤x≤0.10) nanorods were prepared using a facile microwave irradiation method. Structural analyses by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed the incorporation of Co²⁺ in the lattice position of Zn²⁺ ions into the ZnO matrix. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and TEM micrographs revealed that the length and diameter of the undoped ZnO nanorods were about ～2 μm and ～200 nm, respectively. For Co-doped ZnO, the length and diameter were found to increase with an increase of Co doping. The selected area electron diffraction pattern indicated that the Zn_1?xCo_xO (0.0≤x≤0.10) nanorods had a single phase nature with the preferential growth direction along the [0 0 1] plane. Raman scattering spectra confirmed the shift of the E ₂ ^high mode toward a lower wave number, suggested successful doping of Co ions at Zn site into the ZnO. Magnetic studies showed that Co doped ZnO nanorods exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism and the magnetization value increased with an increase in Co doping. The synthesis method presented here is a simple approach to prepare ZnO based diluted magnetic semiconductors nanostructures for practical application to spintronic devices.     

退火处理对氧化锌纳米棒形貌及气敏性能的影响（英文）

研究水热合成氧化锌纳米棒的高温热稳定性。采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对氧化锌纳米棒的结构与形貌进行表征。采用热重分析研究氧化锌纳米棒在热处理过程中的失重情况。结果表明:在退火温度低于400°C时,氧化锌纳米棒具有较好的热稳定性。当退火温度超过600°C时,氧化锌纳米棒的长径比明显降低并且纳米棒的团聚趋势加剧。退火处理对氧化锌纳米棒的气敏性能具有显著影响。与未经退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒相比,经历400°C退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒对浓度为25×10-6的H2灵敏度可以从2.22提高至3.56。经历400°C热退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒对H2表现出最优的气敏性能。     

Synthesis,growth mechanism and magnetic properties of SiO2-coated Co nanocapsules

The growth mechanism and magnetic properties of SiO₂-coated Co nanocapsules synthesized by the arc-discharge method were investigated. Most of the as-prepared products were nanocapsules with a core/shell structure consisting of a Co core and a SiO₂ shell, while some of them displayed a rod-like configuration. The formation of the SiO₂ nanorods was governed by an extended vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism and Co nanoparticles acted as a catalyst for the growth of the nanorods. The Co/SiO₂ nanocapsules were annealed at 300, 400 and 500 °C, respectively, for 30 min in air, in order to observe their oxidation behavior. The crystalline grains of the Co/SiO₂ nanocapsules clearly grew during annealing. After annealing at 500 °C, the ferrimagnetic Co₃O₄ phase appeared. The grain size effect, oxidation behavior and magnetic properties are discussed in detail for the nanocapsules.     

Low-temperature growth and optical properties of ZnO nanorods

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were grown on ITO conducting glass by the chemical solution deposition method (CBD) in an aqueous solution that contained zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O) and methenamine (C₆H₁₂N₄). The size of ZnO nanorods increased with molar concentration of zinc nitrate, and the nanorods with different aspect ratios also formed through tuning the reaction time when the molar concentration was 0.1 M. The length of nanorods increased significantly with the reaction time, but the thickness of the film deposited on the substrate only slightly increased. From the X-ray measurement results, it can be seen that the growth orientation of the as-prepared ZnO nanorods was [0 0 2]. Photoluminescence measurements were also carried out, the result showed a blue shift in violet emission with the reduction in crystal size.     

Sonochemical synthesis and gas sensing properties of well-aligned ZnO nanorods

A simple method of using ultrasound radiation is presented here as a means of fabricating the well-aligned one-dimensional nanostructure of zinc oxide nanorods. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize ZnO nanorods prepared under different concentrations of precursors. The morphologies of the ZnO nanorods can be controlled by varying the concentration of the solution. An investigation of the gas sensing property of the materials confirms that the properties of the sensors are influenced by the morphologies of the nanorods. The results indicate that the ZnO nanorods have great potential as gas sensors.     

Mg-Ta2O5纳米棒涂层的制备、表征及其体外生物活性

采用两步水热处理的方法对钽进行表面改性,在其表面获得具有较小棒间距的掺镁氧化钽纳米棒阵列。通过改变镁元素的掺杂量,观察纳米棒形貌及微观结构的变化。在水热过程中,最佳的乙酸镁溶液浓度为0.05 mol/L,Mg在氧化钽纳米棒膜层中的含量达到4.25at%,以Mg~(2+)形式掺杂入Ta_2O_5纳米棒。使用AFM测量Ta、Ta_2O_5纳米棒和Mg-Ta_2O_5纳米棒样品的粗糙度,发现相比于纯钽片,Ta_2O_5纳米棒涂层和Mg-Ta_2O_5纳米棒涂层的粗糙度有所增加。ICP结果表明,生理盐水中镁离子的析出速率呈现先大幅度增加后变缓的趋势。在体外生物活性测试中,Ta_2O_5纳米棒涂层直到12 d后依然不能诱导出磷灰石;而Mg-Ta_2O_5纳米棒涂层表面不到8 d已经出现沉积磷灰石,Mg-Ta_2O_5纳米棒涂层有效地改善了钽基体表面的生物活性。     

Mechanism of polypyrrole and silver nanorod formation in lauric acid–cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide coacervate gel template: Physical and conductivity properties

Polypyrrole (PPy) and silver (Ag) nanorods are synthesized in cetyl trimethylammonium bromide–lauric acid (CTAB–LA) complex coacervate gel template. When PPy–CTAB–LA system is polymerized with AgNO₃, Ag nanorods are produced while use of ammonium persulphate (APS) as initiator yields PPy nanorods. Ag-nanorods are produced from the initial stage while PPy nanorods take a longer time. The average diameter of Ag nanorods varies from 60 to 145 nm by increasing AgNO₃ concentration from 0.27 M to 1.08 M and that of PPy varies from 145 nm to 345 nm by changing pyrrole concentration from 1 × 10^?4 to 2 × 10^?4 M, respectively. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra indicate stabilization of Ag nanorods through complexation of PPy with adsorbed Ag⁺ ions. PPy nanoparticles are stabilized by adsorbed sulphate ions and lauric acid, both are acting as dopant to it. FFT pattern and EDX spectra clearly indicate the presence of Ag nanocrystals and PPy on the surface of Ag nanorods, respectively. The mechanism of nanorod formation is attributed from UV–Vis spectra showing a red shift of surface plasmon band of Ag and π–π* transition band of PPy with time. The highest dc conductivity of PPy–Ag composite is found to be 414.2 S/cm, 7 orders higher than that of PPy nanorods (9.3 × 10^?4 S/cm). PPy–Ag systems show Ohmic behavior while PPy nanorods exhibit semi-conducting behavior. The preferential formation of Ag nanorod in AgNO₃ initiated polymerization is attributed to the higher cohesive force of Ag than that of PPy. With two times higher LA and CTAB concentration in the gel the Ag nanorod diameter decreases only 12% while that of PPy nanorod decreases by 50%. Possible reasons are discussed from the hard and soft nature of the two nanorods and from the elasticity of the gel template.     

二氧化钛纳米粉体的可控水热合成研究

采用TiCl_4为原料,用水热法合成了二氧化钛纳米粉体,讨论了水热反应条件对二氧化钛粉体结构和微观形貌的影响.结果表明:在0.5～1.0 mol/L TiCl_4, 130～190 ℃, 3～9 h的水热条件下,合成的TiO_2纳米粉体属于金红石相;TiO_2的形貌和尺寸与原料浓度、反应时间和反应温度密切相关,随着原料浓度的增加、反应温度的升高以及反应时间的延长,TiO_2形貌由球形纳米粒子向纳米棒转变,其尺寸也随之增大.     

Solvothermally synthesized tungsten oxide nanowires/nanorods for NO2 gas sensor applications

One-dimensional nanorods or nanowires of W₁₈O₄₉ were synthesized by solvothermal method at 200 °C with tungsten hexachloride (WCl₆) as precursor and cyclohexanol or 1-propanol as reaction solvent. Their morphology and structure properties were systematically characterized. The NO₂-sensing properties of the sensors based on nanowires and nanorods were investigated at 100 °C up to 250 °C over NO₂ concentration ranging from 1 ppm to 20 ppm. The results indicate that both nanowires and nanorods exhibit reversible response to different concentrations of NO₂, and the highest gas response is achieved at 150 °C. In comparison with nanorods, nanowires showed a much quicker response characteristic and a relative higher response value to the same concentration of NO₂ gas due to the smaller diameter and larger specific surface area.