河西走廊东部近50年高、低温气候特征分析

[目的]分析河西走廊东部近50年高、低温气候特征.[方法]利用河西走廊东部5个气象站 1960～2009 年高(日最高气温≥35℃)、低温(日最低气温≤-20℃)资料,运用统计学方法详细分析了高、低气温的时空分布、强度、持续性和环流形势等气候特征.[结果]河西走廊东部高温天气主要发生在东北部沙漠边缘;低温天气主要发生在海拔较高的山区和北部沙漠边缘.随着气候变暖,高温日数呈弱增加趋势,强度增强;低温日数呈明显减少趋势,强度减弱.高温天气主要出现在7、8月;低温主要出现在1、2、12月.高、低温天气具有持续性特征,强高、低温大多出现在高、低温持续时段内.高温天气出现在副热带高压控制及影响的区域内;低温天气出现在强冷空气堆积和入侵的区域内.[结论]该研究为高、低温的准确预报和预警提供了一定的理论基础.     

基于连阴雨灾害指数的陕西省苹果生长风险分析

利用陕西省苹果产区近40 a 8月中旬至10月中旬逐日降雨量资料,提出了以连阴雨灾害指数L<,u>(L<,u>=N<,r≥3>/N<,R=0>)(N<,r≥3>为8月中旬至10月中旬雨日连续3 d以上的日数,N<,R=0>为8月中旬至10月中旬无降水日数)量化进行风险分析的方法.用此方法计算了苹果产区各地连阴雨气象灾害指数,分轻度、中度、重度3级对果区各地连阴雨气象灾害指数进行了分级、评价.结果表明,有13个县连阴雨气象灾害指数为轻度,有27个县连阴雨气象灾害指数为中度,有8个县连阴雨气象灾害指数为重度.此计算结果与陕西果区实际连阴雨影响基本一致,表明灾害指数方法是一种较好的风险分析方法.     

近58年沈阳地区积温变化趋势及其对农业生产的影响

[目的]研究沈阳地区近58年积温变化趋势及其对农业生产的影响.[方法]利用沈阳地面气温资料,应用气候统计学方法,分析了近58年沈阳≥0℃、≥10℃积温变化趋势,并探讨了积温变化对农业生产的影响.[结果]近58年来,沈阳地区气温≥10℃初日提前约10 d,终日推后不明显,持续日数延长13 d,≥0℃积温增加343℃;≥10℃初日提前约9 d,终日推后8 d,持续日数延长16 d,≥10℃积温增加370℃;后20年平均值与前20年相比,≥0℃、≥10℃持续日数均延长9 d,≥0℃、≥10℃积温分别平均增加196、202℃.另外,沈阳地区热量的增加对当地农业生产有一定影响.[结论]该研究可为当地掌握热量资源变化特征及调整农业布局提供理论依据.     

不同留叶数和去除脚叶数对烤烟KRK26烟叶产质量的影响

[目的]探明不同留叶数和去除脚叶数对烤烟新品种KRK26烟叶产质量的影响.[方法]以3种留叶数和3种去除脚叶数为变量,采用多因子裂区设计处理,研究KRK26植物学性状、农艺性状、抗逆性及外观质量、烘烤特性和经济性状等的变化.[结果]随留叶数增加,大田生育期延长,烟株的株高和节距呈增大趋势,但茎围和最大叶面积呈递减趋势;留叶数增加,赤星病减少,留叶24片不易发生赤星病;原烟成熟度、烟叶颜色、光泽、油分、叶片结构与烟叶留叶数无关;烟叶产量、产值、上等烟比例随留叶数和去除底脚叶数的增加呈递减趋势;杂色烟比例随留叶数增加而降低,桔黄色烟叶和中等烟比例以KRK26留叶20片除底叶4片最高.[结论]在中等肥力条件下,新品种KRK26的适宜留叶数为22片,去除脚叶2片,在此条件下,烟叶产量和产值最高,外观质量最好.     

辽宁西部朝阳农村气温和热量资源变化分析

[目的]研究辽西朝阳农村的气温和热量资源变化特征.[方法]选取1966～2010年辽西朝阳农村气象站资料,应用序列相关和气候倾向率等统计方法,对朝阳农村的气温和热量资源变化特征进行分析,掌握该农村的气候现状.[结果]1966～2010年辽西朝阳农村日平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温的年均值呈波动变化,其中日最高气温年均值趋势升高增温幅度最大(0.328℃/10a),且显著水平最高,是气温升高的主体;日平均气温增幅(0.151℃/10a)和显著水平次之;日最低气温呈下降趋势,且显著水平不明显.在冬、夏半年时间尺度里,日最高气温平均值趋势升高明显,气候倾向率分别为0.417和0.250℃/10a,以冬半年升高最突出;日平均气温趋势性显著水平较低,日平均最低气温趋势性不显著.辽西朝阳农村≥10℃积温呈波动增加趋势明显,气候倾向率为42.590(℃·d)/10a,近45年趋势增加192(℃·d).[结论]该研究为调整农业结构和品种布局等农业措施提供气候依据.     

湘烟3号烘烤过程中温湿度研究

[目的]摸索湘烟3号的一般性烘烤工艺及烘烤过程中的诊断指标,为制订湘烟3号的烘烤方法提供依据.[方法]在烤烟3段式烘烤工艺的基础上,调整变黄期和定色期湿球温度和烟叶变黄程度指标,设4个处理,在3地从烘烤成本、经济性状、外观质量和化学成分4个方面,分别考察上、中、下部烟叶的烘烤工艺.[结果]湘烟3号在烘烤过程中,干球温度38℃、湿球温度36℃时,下部烟叶的诊断指标为烟叶变黄7成,叶片变软,主脉1/2变软,中、上部烟叶的诊断指标为烟叶变黄9成,叶片变软,主脉1/3变软;变黄后期中、下部烟叶湿球温度应控制在38℃,上部烟叶的湿球温度应稳定在39℃.[结论]初步研究了湘烟3号变黄期的温、湿度及烟叶变化状况,至于其田间成熟规律和基本表象、烟叶的变黄和失水速度及其协调性等方面有待进一步探索.     

宣城市2010年气候影响评价

利用宣城市2010年气象资料,分析了气候特征及其影响.结果表明,2010年全市平均年降水量正常略偏多,除绩溪、宁国较常年偏少外,其余各县偏多;入梅、出梅期偏迟,梅雨日数和全市平均梅雨量较常年偏多.全市年平均气温比常年偏高,高温日数多于常年.主要气象灾害是7月3～23日降水强度大、持续时间长的全市梅雨型暴雨洪涝灾害以及3月上旬末和12月15～16日低温雨雪冰冻灾害,其对工农业生产造成严重影响.农业方面病虫害迁入量小,较常年偏轻;受气象灾害影响,油菜、茶叶、棉花减产,但水稻产量增加,气候上属正常年景.     

济铁顶燃式热风炉投产

济南铁厂1号高炉(100m~3)大修后配备的三座顶燃式热风炉,于1985年5月13日投产。经过几个月的生产运行,性能良好,平均风温1212℃,最高达到1260℃。实现了小高炉风温1200℃以上的先进水平。为适应高风温所来取的技术措施是: (1)热风炉蓄热室采用三段式五孔格子砖;高温段包括拱顶和该段大墙便用硅砖,中温段为三级高铝砖,低温段为粘土砖;高温区采用轻质粘土砖和耐火纤维毡双层保温;球顶金属结构用耐热合金粉喷涂。(2)采用旋流板短焰燃烧器。使煤气在拱顶有限空间内达到完全燃烧。燃烧器材质为炭化硅整体结构,以提高在高温环境下     

利用中值检测方法研究近45年山东极端冷暖天气气候事件

利用山东省90个气象观测站逐日气温资料,采用中值和Hampel提出的一种新的极端事件检测方法,检测并分析了山东极端冷暖天气气候事件的变化特征.结果表明,极端高温日数无显著变化,极端暖日数趋于上升;极端冷事件显著减少,具有明显的年代变化特征,20世纪60年代为极端冷(暖)事件的高发期,70～80年代中期均有所减少;90年代中期以后为极端暖事件高发期,而极端冷事件急剧减少.在空间分布上,山东省大部分地区极端冷事件趋于减少,而极端暖事件发生频率的变化则呈现出东部沿海地区增加、鲁西南和鲁西北减少的径向分布特征.在20世纪80年代中期全球明显变暖背景下,山东省极端暖事件的线性变化正趋势范围明显变大,大部分地区的极端低温日数的变化趋于平缓,极端冷日数仍以迅速减少为主要趋势.     

丹东地区春播期低温冷害及影响

[目的]分析丹东地区春播期低温冷害的气候特征及演变规律.[方法]利用丹东地区4个测站1961～2010年4月下旬至5月上旬日平均气温资料以及亚洲极涡面积和太阳黑子等特征量,对春播期低温冷害的成因背景进行分析.[结果]丹东地区4月下旬发生低温冷害的频率高于5月上旬,1980、1988和2010年出现了严重的低温冷害.[结论]线性倾向趋势分析表明,1961～2010年丹东地区低温日数呈增加趋势.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.