燃油喷射参数对柴油机燃烧排放的影响

为了研究不同喷射规律和喷油提前角对柴油机燃烧排放性能的影响,采用三维流体数值分析软件AVL FIRE建立了某型柴油机的燃烧计算模型。结果表明:相较于方波喷油规律,原机喷油规律最高燃烧温度、最高燃烧压力和NO排放均较低,但Soot排放较高;随着喷油提前角的增大,滞燃期延长,缸内最高燃烧压力和最高温度也随之升高,燃烧初期缸内压力升高较高,适当延后喷油时刻可以降低NO排放。     

喷油提前角对柴油机性能影响的实证研究

利用三维仿真软件AVL-FIRE对柴油机燃烧过程进行数值仿真。通过研究喷油正时对缸内混合气形成、压力、温度以及NO和Soot排放的影响,获得喷油正时对柴油机燃烧及排放特性的影响规律。结果表明:喷油提前角对缸内混合气的形成及燃烧有着显著影响,进而影响柴油机的动力性和排放性能;通过实验与仿真对比,可快速有效地实现喷油提前角的优化。     

煤基双燃料发动机的燃烧特性研究

为探索预混合气引燃柴油机的燃烧过程,在CY25型单缸柴油机上进行了聚甲氧基二甲醚引燃甲醇均质混合气的燃烧试验,对比分析了不同甲醇占能比和聚甲氧基二甲醚喷油时刻对发动机燃烧特性的影响。试验结果表明:随着甲醇占能比的增加,缸压峰值降低,最大降幅18.2%。缸内温度降低,有效热效率降低;随着聚甲氧基二甲醚喷油时刻由上止点前20°CA提前至24°CA,缸内最高温度增加,最大增幅21.4%,最高缸内压力和最大压力升高率均增加,最高缸内压力增幅达22.3%,有效热效率降低。     

柴油机喷油提前角对燃烧性能的影响研究

柴油机要满足日益严格的排放法规的要求,就必须在提高其动力性的基础上,节省油耗,降低排放;对柴油机燃烧室内的流场进行研究是达到上述要求行之有效的方法之一。应用AVL-FIRE软件对某型柴油机的缸内燃烧过程进行了仿真模拟,计算得到了不同喷油提前角下柴油机指示功率、有效油耗、缸内压力、燃烧放热率、缸内温度和排放物的变化规律。     

喷油提前角对船舶柴油机气缸套-活塞环磨损的影响

提出柴油机气缸套-活塞环径向磨损的理论计算方法,以某船舶柴油机为例,模拟发动机喷油提前角过大或过小导致的非正常燃烧情况下的燃烧压力曲线,计算不同喷油提前角下柴油机气缸套-活塞环的磨损量。结果表明:喷油提前角过小时,柴油机爆发压力会明显降低,燃油燃烧不完全,下死点附近处径向磨损量比正常燃烧情况的要高,但缸套径向磨损量和正常燃烧时相差不大且最大磨损量变化趋势基本一致;喷油提前角过大时,当燃油达到压燃点时,燃油雾化程度降低或者消失,造成燃油的燃烧持续时间过长,燃烧压力的峰值很高,且在缸套点火附近处会出现明显的黏着磨损,在下死点附近润滑油膜部分发生破裂,出现边界润滑状态,最大径向磨损量会突然增大。     

柴油机缸内辐射换热的多维数值模拟研究

对柴油机来说,辐射换热极为重要,在缸内总传热量中占有非常大的比重,直接关系到发动机热效率及因传热引起的各种热负荷、热强度问题,同时,辐射换热对燃烧系统的研究也十分重要,辐射热流量会深刻影响内燃机的燃烧性能,对发动机的各种燃烧产物的形成产生至关重要的影响。为此,利用离散传递法实现柴油机缸内辐射换热的多维数值模拟,通过多维模拟计算同时考察燃烧室部件表面发射率及喷雾提前角对柴油机缸内辐射换热的影响。结果表明：活塞的辐射热流量峰值高于缸盖的辐射热流;缸盖的辐射热流量的最大值并不在中心位置处,而是随时间变化;随着壁面辐射率的增加,缸内向燃烧室部件辐射换热量逐渐增大;喷雾提前角直接影响所有燃烧室部件表面的辐射热流密度。     

高原工况下某增压柴油机喷油提前角的研究

根据设计和实验参数建立某增压柴油机GT-Power仿真模型并验证了模型的准确性。通过改变大气压力模拟高原环境,研究了额定转速下喷油提前角变化对柴油机性能的影响,确定了不同工况最佳喷油提前角变化趋势。结果表明随着大气压力下降,在一定范围内增大喷油提前角会改善使柴油机性能,使功率增加,燃油消耗率减少,但同时缸内温度和爆发压力增加,影响安全运行。     

共轨柴油机燃烧排放性能数值仿真研究

为了研究柴油机燃烧排放性能,建立共轨620柴油机包括进气道和燃烧室在内的三维几何模型,利用FIRE软件划分网格并且进行数值仿真计算,在喷油量一定的前提下分析共轨系统中各参数对柴油机燃烧与排放性能的影响。结果表明喷油提前角和共轨压力对整机性能的影响较大。增大喷油提前角和共轨压力、减小喷孔直径有利于改善燃烧排放性能。     

生物柴油喷油器变参数研究

应用三维CFD软件FIRE,修正了柴油机燃烧生物柴油的喷油器的喷雾模型,模拟了生物柴油的燃烧过程,探讨了喷雾锥角、喷孔直径和喷油提前角对燃烧生物柴油的气缸压力和放热规律的影响。结果表明:喷雾锥角增加,喷孔直径减小,喷油提前角增大,气缸内最大压力升高率增加;随喷雾锥角、喷孔直径和喷油提前角的增大,燃烧放热的峰值降低。计算结果对燃用生物柴油的柴油机的喷油器的试验和分析提供了依据。     

喷油孔直径对柴油机燃烧及排放的影响

喷油孔直径是影响柴油机排放性能的关键因素之一,虚拟技术已经成为解决该问题的重要手段。在一台高压共轨直喷国Ⅳ柴油机上,研究了喷油孔直径变化对柴油机燃烧、排放性能、经济性及动力性的影响规律。结果表明,减小喷油孔直径可形成细小的油滴,缸内湍流动能变大,提高混合质量,同时缸内压力和燃烧温度增加,NOx排放恶化,而Soot排量减少;喷油孔直径减小使得燃油消耗率先增大后减小,扭矩则是先减小后增大,喷油孔直径为0.17mm时经济性和动力性最差,是因为孔径较大造成混合气不均匀及燃烧较差,使得缸内温度和爆发压力低。     

Effect of water induction on the performance and exhaust emissions in a diesel engine (II)

This study was to investigate the effects of water induction through the air intake system on the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions in an IDI diesel engine. The fuel injection timing was also controlled to investigate a method for the simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx when water was injected into the combustion chamber. The formation of NOx was significantly suppressed by decreasing the gas peak temperature during the initial combustion process because the water played a role as a heat sink during evaporating in the combustion chamber, while the smoke was slightly increased with increased water amount. Also, NOx emission was significantly decreased with increase in water amount. A simultaneous reduction in smoke and NOx emissions was obtained when water was injected into the combustion chamber by retarding more 2°CA of the fuel injection timing than without water injection.     

The effect of combustion parameters on the nitric oxide emission in direct injection type diesel engine

This paper presents the investigation of influence factors on the output performance and the reduction of exhaust emission in the direct injection type diesel engine. In this work, the analysis of combustion products and combustion characteristics are investigated by numerical method and experiment under the various engine operating conditions. The combusion performance and exhaust emissions are analyzed in terms of the heat release, cylinder pressure and major exhaust emissions of engine. The accuracy of the prediction versus experimental data and the capability of the heat release, cylinder pressure and all the major exhaust emissions are demonstrated. The results of this study show that the combustion parameters have influence on the combustion processes and the nitric oxide emission in the direct injection type diesel engine. The nitric oxide concentration decreases with the increase of engine speed and the advance of injection timing.     

Feasibility and performance study of turpentine fueled DI diesel engine operated under HCCI combustion mode

In the present investigation a volatile fraction of Pinus resin called Turpentine has been experimented in a direct injection diesel engine under HCCI combustion mode. The engine chosen to experiment is a single cylinder DI diesel engine and modified in such a way to ignite Turpentine in a diesel engine under HCCI mode. As the Turpentine has a higher self ignition temperature the ignition of Turpentine in regular diesel engines with auto-ignition is not possible. Hence, suitable modification is made in the engine to ignite Turpentine in a diesel engine like diesel fuel. The modified engine has ECM controlled fuel spray and an air preheater in the suction side of the engine. The combined effort of adiabatic compression and supply of preheated air ignites turpentine by auto-ignition and its timing of ignition is precisely controlled by changing intake air temperature. This investigation revealed that the engine operated with turpentine performed well with little loss of brake thermal efficiency. And, emitted comparatively lower emissions such as NO_x and smoke and proved that the turpentine is a best suited fuel for HCCI operation.     

直接起动阶段直喷汽油机运动特性的模拟

建立了直喷汽油机的三维数值模型和运动学模型,并进行了试验验证。模拟了直喷汽油机在直接起动过程中不同喷油策略和点火时刻下的燃烧特性、反转和正转过程的运动特性。结果表明：与单次喷油相比,采用两次喷油策略时,首个着火气缸内混合气燃烧后的最大气缸压力较大,而且其大小受到点火时刻的影响;首个着火气缸内混合气燃烧后的最大气缸压力较大,则直喷汽油机反转过程中转过的最大角度较大;在各种喷油条件下,第2个着火气缸在反转到其最大转角前2°左右点火,正转过程转速较高,有利于直喷汽油机的直接起动。     

Study of performance and emission characteristics of IC engines by using diesel–water emulsion

Due to the shortage of petroleum products and its increasing cost, efforts are on to develop alternate fuels, especially diesel oil, for partial or full replacement. Also, internal combustion engines generate undesirable emissions during combustion process. The emissions exhausted in to the surroundings pollute the atmosphere and causes several problems. The emissions of concern are: unburnt hydrocarbons, oxides of carbon, and oxides of nitrogen (NO_X). Advanced diesel fuel formulations offer significant emission reductions to new and older in-use engines every time the fuel tank is filled. The addition of water to diesel fuel lowers particulate emissions by serving as diluents to the key combustion intermediates that lead to particulate formation. The incorporation of water also reduces NO_X emissions by lowering the peak combustion temperatures through high heat of vaporization. When using water blend diesel, the engine fuel system recognizes the liquid as diesel fuel because the water droplet is encapsulated within a diesel fuel. In this experiment, we have used single cylinder four-stroke engine and the water-blend diesel emulsion is used and the diesel emission test, emulsion emission test, and various gases has been analyzed; smoke meter test is also conducted for various rate of loads. The test results from the engine fuelled with water-blend diesel showed reduction in emissions as compared to that of engine fuelled with conventional diesel. The better emissions in the CI engine using water-blend diesel is due to the incorporation of water which reduces NO_X emissions by lowering the peak combustion temperatures. Water-blend fuel enhances fuel atomization by micro-explosion. The addition of water to diesel fuel lowers particulate emissions by serving as diluents to the key combustion intermediates that lead to particulate formation     

Investigation of soot formation in a D.I. diesel engine by using laser induced scattering and laser induced incandescence

Soot has a great effect on the formation of PM (Paniculate Matter) in D.I. (Direct Injection) Diesel engines. Soot in diesel flame is formed by incomplete combustion when the fuel atomization and mixture formation were poor. Therefore, the understanding of soot formation in a D.I. diesel engine is mandatory to reduce PM in exhaust gas. To investigate soot formation in diesel combustion, various measurements have been performed with laser diagnostics. In this study, the relative soot diameter and the relative number density in a D.I. engine was measured by using LIS (Laser Induced Scattering) and LII (Laser Induced Incandescence) methods simultaneously which are planar imaging techniques. And a visualization D.I. diesel engine was used to introduce a laser beam into the combustion chamber and investigate the diffusion flame characteristics. To find the optimal condition that reduces soot formation in diesel combustion, various injection timing and the swirl flow in the cylinder using the SCV (Swirl Control Valve) were applied. From this experiment, the effects of injection timing and swirl on soot formation were established. Effective reduction of soot formation is possible through the control of these two factors.     

柴油甲醇双燃料发动机动力性与经济性试验分析

介绍了柴油引燃甲醇双燃料燃烧对柴油机动力性和经济性的影响。在1台单缸、直喷、中冷柴油机上采用柴油引燃甲醇双燃料进行试验。结果显示甲醇柴油双燃料发动机在中高负荷及中高转速下运转可获得较好的燃油经济性。选择适当的引燃柴油量,双燃料发动机的动力性可以达到甚至超过原柴油的动力性。     

Performance and emission characteristics of a low heat rejection spark ignited engine fuelled with E20

In internal combustion engines, the concept of low heat rejection (LHR) using thermal barrier coating on the surface of combustion chamber is gaining attention. Thermal barrier coating reduces the heat transfer to the cooling system, protects engine components from peak heat flux and fluctuating temperature produced during combustion and improves the performance of the engine. Information in the literature is plentiful for LHR diesel engine and only few studies exist on LHR spark ignited engine. The application of thermal barrier coating in spark ignited engine is limited by pre-ignition and knocking due to elevated combustion chamber temperature. A spark ignited engine with moderate insulation on the combustion chamber and higher octane fuel can overcome this difficulty. The objective of the present experimental study is to quantify the changes in performance and emission characteristics brought by partial thermal insulation on the combustion chamber of a four stroke spark ignited engine fueled with E20 blend. Partial thermal insulation was created by coating 0.3 mm thick Alumina (Al₂O₃) on the cylinder head, inlet and exhaust valves. The changes are quantified with respect to unmodified engine fueled with gasoline. The combustion parameters such as flame development and rapid burn duration are also estimated and compared. The results indicate that partially insulated SI engine when fueled with E20 improves performance and reduces emission. A maximum of 48% reduction in THC and 50% reduction in CO emission at part load was achieved.

     

Investigation of coal-water slurry fuel combustion in reciprocating,internal combustion engine

Coal-water slurry(CWS) engine tests designed to investigate the ignition and combustion processes of the fuel are described in this paper. The effects of three different parameters, namely, (a) needle lift pressure, (b) fuel injection timing, and (c) percent coal loading in the slurry fuel are studied in detail. Successful operation of the engine using the coal water slurry required modifications to the engine and support systems. The physical trends of combustion under single parametric variations are presented in terms of the cylinder pressure, heat release rates, and cumulative heat release curves. The major conclusions of the work include: (a) higher needle lift pressures led to shorter ignition delay times for the CWS fuel: (b) the ignition delay time of the advanced injection start was little different from that of retarded fuel injection timing due to poor atomization: and (c) dilution of the slurry with water can significantly affect the combustion processes and ease of fuel handling.