COMT基因多态性rs4818与精神分裂症及迟发性运动障碍的关联性分析

目的:检测中国北方汉族人群中精神分裂症患者COMT基因多态性rs4818基因型及等位基因频数分布,探讨其与精神分裂症及迟发性运动障碍(TD)发生的关系.方法:以273例并发TD的精神分裂症患者(TD组)、114例未发生TD的精神分裂症患者(非TD组)和286例正常健康人群(正常对照组)为研究对象,采用Taqman探针方法检测COMT基因多态rs4818基因型和等位基因频数的分布.结果:与正常对照组比较,精神分裂症患者rs4818 G/G基因型频数分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.186,df=3,P=0.045);与正常对照组比较,TD组患者rs4818 G/G基因型频数分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.081,df=3,P=0.048);非TD组患者与正常对照组比较,G等位基因频数分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.049,df=2,P=0.044);TD组与非TD组比较,rs4818基因型及等位基因频数分布差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.634,df=2,P=0.426;χ2=0.848,df=3,P=0.654).结论:COMT基因多态性与精神分裂症的发生有关联,但与精神分裂症TD的发生无关联性.     

抗精神分裂症药物诱发迟发性运动障碍与COMT基因多态性的关联性分析

目的:通过分析中国北方汉族人群中精神分裂症患者COMT基因多态性Val158Met 分布,研究COMT基因多态性与精神分裂症及迟发性运动障碍(TD)发生的关系.方法:采集356例并发TD的精神分裂症患者( TD组)、419例不发生TD的精神分裂症患者(非TD组)及471例正常健康人 (正常对照组)的全血样本,提取基因组DNA,应用TaqMan探针检测COMT基因多态性Val158Met基因型和等位基因的分布.结果:正常对照组与精神分裂症组比较,基因型与等位基因频数分布差异均无统计学意义(χ2=3.08,df=3,P=0.21;χ2=2.067,df=2,P=0.15).TD组与正常对照组比较,基因型与等位基因频数分布差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.857,df=3,P=0.40;χ2 =1.281,df=2,P=0.26).非TD组与正常对照组比较,基因型与等位基因频数分布差异均无统计学意义(χ2=2.505,df=3,P=0.29;χ2=1.709,df=2,P=0.19).TD组与非TD组比较,基因型与等位基因频数分布差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.021,df=3,P=0.99;χ2=0.013,df=2,P=0.91).结论:精神分裂症的发生与COMT基因多态性Val158Met无关联性,精神分裂症患者并发TD与COMT基因多态性Val158Met无关联性.     

蛋白磷酸酶2A-Aα亚基基因5'侧翼区多态性在广东汉族人群中的分布

目的:探讨蛋白磷酸酶2A-Aα亚基基因PPP2R1A启动子区的遗传多态性在中国南方汉族人群中的分布特征.方法:随机选取部分广东汉族人群,获取全血基因组DNA.PCR扩增获得PPP2R1A基因5'-侧翼区的目的片段产物直接再测序,筛查并确证潜在的基因多态性位点,采用HaploView软件进行该人群多态性等位基因分布频率的分析、并与HapMap结果进行分布特征比较.结果:PCR扩增和成功测序63例健康人(126条染色体)PPP2R1A基因-1 844～+201 nt的目的片段,序列比对发现该人群中6个已知多态性位点及其人群最小等位基因频率分别为-1 039 G>T(+Ins)(rs10414793,但其中T等位基因型含有29个碱基片段的插入)(8.73%)、-568 G>A(rs1864007)(25.40%)、-241 -/G(rs11453459)(26.90%)、+87 T>C(rs13344984)(7.94%)、+107 -/C(rs3833207)(30.16%)和+108 A>G(rs17554825)(7.94%);且其中2个位点在该人群中的分布与HapMap公布的国外人群数据存在不同(P<0.05);同时,该人群中还发现-512 G>A(2.38%)的潜在新多态性位点.结论:筛查PPPwR1A基因5'-侧翼区在中国广东汉族人群中多态性位点的等位基因分布,为进一步开展多态性功能性分析提供基础.     

雄激素受体基因E211G》A多态性与汉族女性青春期后痤疮的关联性分析

目的:探讨雄激素受体(AR)基因E211 G>A单核苷酸多态性与汉族女性青春期后痤疮的关联性,为汉族女性青春期后痤疮发病遗传学研究奠定基础.方法:将女性青春期后痤疮患者79例和正常女性志愿者80例分为女性青春期后痤疮组和女性正常对照组,采用PCR技术扩增出AR-E211 G>A基因多态位点的片段,用限制性内切酶StuⅠ进行酶切,产物在2%琼脂糖凝胶上电泳,确定G>A基因的3种基因型,即GG、GA、AA,观察两组基因型频数和等位基因型频数分布的差异.结果:女性青春期后痤疮组GA+AA基因型频数低于对照组(P=0.028,OR=0.937,95% CI=0.885～0.992).女性青春期后痤疮组A等位基因频数低于对照组(P=0.029,OR=0.968,95% CI=0.941～0.996).结论:AR-E211 A等位基因的存在使青春期后女性患痤疮的风险性明显降低.     

抵抗素-420C/G基因多态性与中国东北地区汉族人群2型糖尿病大血管病变相关性分析

目的:研究中国东北地区汉族人群抵抗素(RETN)-420C/G基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)的等位基因、基因型频率分布及其与2型糖尿病(T2DM)大血管病变之间的关系.方法:应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法对180例样本[T2DM并发大血管病变组60例,单纯T2DM组60例,正常对照(ND)组60例],进行基因分型及频率测定.结果:T2DM并发大血管病变组及单纯T2DM组等位基因频率及CC/GC+GG基因型分布与ND组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);T2DM并发大血管病变组等位基因频率及CC/GC+GG基因型分布与单纯T2DM组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05),T2DM并发大血管病变组GC+GG基因型频率明显高于单纯T2DM组.结论:RETN-420C/G基因多态性与中国东北地区汉族人群T2DM及其大血管病变的发生有相关性.     

荷斯坦种公牛HSF1和HSBP1基因多态性分析

[目的]研究荷斯坦种公牛HSF1和HSBP1基因多态性.[方法]通过DNA测序技术对牛HSF1和HSBP1基因进行SNPs位点扫描,利用CRS-PCR和PCR-RFLP方法对4个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)进行基因型分型,分析162头荷斯坦种公牛HSF1和HSBP1基因的多态性.[结果]扫描结果表明,在HSF1基因1451(G/T)处发现1个新SNP.在HSBP1基因第2内含子上发现3个新SNPs,分别为324(G/C)、589(C/T)和651(C/G).多态性分析结果表明,HSF1基因1451(G/T)住点的SNP的AA基因型频率最高,优势等住基因为A,而HSBP1基因3个SNP频率最高的基因型分别为AB、AA和BB,优势等位基因589(C/T)为A,而324(G/C)和651(C/G)均为B.χ<'2>适合性检验表明,HSF1基因1451(G/T)位点在荷斯坦种公牛群体中已达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05),而HSBP1基因324(G/C)、589(C/T)和651(C/G)位点的突变在荷斯坦种公牛群体中均未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.05).[结论]该研究可为HSF1和HSBP1基因的功能研究提供试验依据.     

乙型肝炎病毒基因型和基因变异在乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾小球肾炎中的意义

目的:探讨HBV基因型及基因变异等病毒因素在HBV-GN中的意义.方法:选择41例HBV-GN患者,采用荧光PCR法检测HBV-GN患者基因型,HBV多态性芯片检测基因变异,同时测定尿常规、肾功能和血压等临床资料.结果:41例HBV-GN患者,B基因型14例,C型24例(86.8%),B+C混合型3例.B型和C型患者间24小时尿蛋白有显著性统计学差异(P＜0.05),尿红细胞计数、血压、尿素氮和血清肌酐无显著性统计学差异(均P >0.05).12例为前C区1896位变异,1896位变异与未变异者间小便常规,血压和肾功能无显著性差异.结论:HBV-GN患者HBV基因以B、C两型为主,C型为多.C型患肾脏损害可能更为严重.前C区1896位变异和YMDD变异对HBV-GN患者小便常规、血压和肾功能无明显影响.     

比利时杜鹃栽培品种(系)的ISSR分析

采用ISSR标记对11个比利时杜鹃(Rhododendron hybridum)栽培品种(系)的遗传多样性进行研究.采用13条引物共获得多态性位点106个.POP-GENE 32软件分析结果表明,11个品种(系)的有效等位基因数为1.5564个,Nei's基因多样性指数为0.3207,Shannon多样性指数为0.4742,多态性位点百分率为85.48%,总的遗传多样性水平较高.利用6个标记产生的8个多态位点绘制了11个栽培品种(系)计算机化的ISSR指纹图谱,结果表明,ISSR标记可用于区分比利时杜鹃品种.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清增殖诱导配体水平的检测及其临床意义

目的:检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)和类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者血清中增殖诱导配体(APRIL)的水平,探讨APRIL水平与SLE患者临床指标的相关性及APRIL在SLE发病中的作用.方法:采用ELISA法检测SLE患者组(48例)、RA患者组(16例)和正常对照组(16例)血清APRIL水平,并与SLE活动指数(SLEDAI)及实验室指标进行对比分析.结果:SLE组和RA组血清APRIL水平高于正常对照组(P<0.01),SLE组高于RA组(P<0.01).SLE组中抗Sm抗体阳性患者APRIL水平高于阴性患者( P<0.05).抗U1-RNP抗体阳性患者APRIL水平高于阴性患者( P<0.05),抗SSA /SSB抗体、抗ACL抗体、抗ds-DNA抗体阳性和阴性患者APRIL水平差异无统计学意义.SLE患者血清APRIL水平与其补体C3、C4呈负相关关系(r1=-0.819,P<0.01;r2=-0.549,P<0.01),与SLEDAI评分、免疫球蛋白、抗核抗体谱等免疫学指标无相关性.结论:APRIL在SLE患者中特异性升高,可能在狼疮发病中起重要作用;血清APRIL水平可能与SLE患者疾病活动程度有关联,但尚不能确定是否可作为疾病活动性指标.     

乙酰肝素酶Arg307Lys多态性与成年人急性白血病发病风险的关系

目的 探讨乙酰肝素酶( HPSE) Arg307Lys多态性与成年人急性白血病发病风险的关系。方法按照1:1配对病例对照研究方法,选择中国北方地区100例急性髓系白血病(AML)和25例急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者为病例组,100名中国北方地区健康人为对照组,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性( PCR-RFLP)方法检测观察对象外周血HPSE Arg307Lys基因多态性。结果成年ALL病例组和对照组Lys/Lys、Arg/Lys、Arg/Arg基因型分布频率分别为80％、16％、4％和75％、23％、2％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(x2= 0.07,P= 0.79; x2= 0,08,P= 0.78)。AML病例组Lys/Lys、Arg/Lys、Arg/Arg基因型频率分别为85％、14％、1％,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(x2=3.03,P=0.08;x2=3.15,P=0.08)。携带HPSE Arg307Lys突变基因(AA/AA+AG)的个体不增加AML及ALL的发病风险(AML:x2= 3.13,P=0.07,OR= 1.89,95％CI 0.93～3.83;AL：x 2=0.27,P=0.60,OR= 1.33,95 ％CI 0.45～ 3.90)。结论HPSE Arg307Lys与中国北方地区急性白血病的发生可能无关。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.