钛硅分子筛TS-1的放大合成研究

采用四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,对水热合成法制备钛硅分子筛TS-1工艺进行中试放大研究,通过XRD、SEM、UV-Vis等手段对TS-1的结构及形貌进行表征,并以苯酚羟基化反应为探针反应考察其催化性能。结果表明,10L反应釜合成的TS-1分子筛具有更高的结晶度和更小的晶粒尺寸,其催化性能也优于小试合成的TS-1。进一步研究了放大合成过程中模板剂用量和晶化条件对合成分子筛性能的影响,确定了其最佳工艺条件,为TS-1分子筛的工业化生产提供依据。     

低腈含量丁腈橡胶的中试放大

基于低温乳液聚合小试的配方和工艺条件,通过中试放大制备了低腈含量丁腈橡胶(NBR),分析了中试放大过程中的传热效能、乳化分散效果,并研究了中试产品的性能。结果表明,中试传热效能高,完全满足安全放大要求,中试聚合体系在转速为70~150 r/min时可完全模拟小试聚合的反应状态,具有较佳的乳化分散效果;中试工艺条件弹性大(聚合温度4.5~7.5℃、搅拌转速80~120 r/min),且适应范围较宽,聚合反应平稳易于控制,胶乳性能良好,可满足生产过程中的稳定输送;中试重复试验稳定性好,产品在低温性、弹性和耐油性之间有较好的平衡性,且加工性能较优。     

化学反应工程与中试放大

概述了化学反应工程与中试放大技术在研究与发展中的地位及其相关性。     

微型中试装置放大技术在科研开发工作中的应用

本文介绍了微型中试装置放大技术。为满足工程放大装置的微型化,作者依据相似理论和数学模拟方法,建立了1套微型中试装置,其试验数据与生产试验是吻合的,从而说明了该方法的可靠性。“微型中试”具有规模小、成本低、周期短等优点,因而可加快整个工程的开发进程。     

中试人才培养研究

文章从生产实践应用的角度谈了制药中试的重要意义,我国目前制药企业中试的现状,并提出了解决方案：中试的目的、研究内容、放大方法、中试的任务.结合作者多年中试经验,从实际生产的角度展开本文详细叙述了中试人才的培养方案和中试人才需要努力工作的方向.     

胡椒碱合成胡椒酸己二胺的中试放大研究

采用钠的催化剂，以无水乙醇和己二胺原料，对胡椒酸乙酯合成胡椒酸己二胺的工艺进行了中试放大研究。在中试规模的工艺流程上，考察了反应温度、物料循环比和催化剂等因素对合成物的影响。在氮气保护下n（胡椒酸乙酯）：n（无水乙醇）：n（己二胺）=2：25：2、反应温度65～72℃的条件下，，以胡椒酸乙酯+均己二胺为目的产物的单程收率为79%左右。实验结果达到了工业化生产的要求。     

化工中试放大技术在聚羧酸减水剂生产中的应用研究

聚羧酸减水剂新产品在研发过程中，需要进行中试放大试验，阐述了中试的重要性和中试阶段需要完成的任务，提出了在中试中应注意的一些问题和解决方法。     

基础油加氢异构脱蜡催化剂研究获进展

由中科院大连化物所承担的中石油重点科技项目润滑油基础油加氢异构催化剂的中试放大及工业应用项目取得重大进展。该项目解决了加氢异构脱蜡催化剂载体分子筛的合成、催化剂配方和制备方法等关键技术，形成了拥有自主知识产权的润滑油基础油生产用加氢异构脱蜡催化剂。在中试放大阶段，解决了分子筛工业生产设备定型、生产流程设     

二氧化碳加氢制甲醇中试放大试验取得阶段性成果

<正>近日,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所催化与新材料研究中心与中石油合作开展的二氧化碳加氢制甲醇研究取得阶段性成果:中试撬块装置在中石油大庆化工研究中心一次开车成功,单程CO2转化率可达20%,甲醇选择性可达70%(在有机液相产品中甲醇纯度99. 9%),并实现了稳定运行。中试试验还完成了小试规律验证、放大效应考察、工艺条件优化、基础数据采集等工作。此外,万吨级装置的技术工艺包开发也在此基     

NZ—5分子筛工业放大试验报告

近十几年来出现并得到很快发展的ZSM—5分子筛,是一种具有优良择形催化性能的高硅分子筛,它在催化脱蜡、异构化、芳构化等多种催化领域中获得了广泛的应用并越来越引起人们所重视。我厂自1977年以来进行了NZ—5(即:ZSM—5)分子筛的合成研究,经过实验室小试,系统地考察了合成条件对分子筛质量、性能的影响,并推荐了工业生产条件。本文就NZ—5分子筛工业放大试验及其催化反应中应用情况作一介绍。     

Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Supported Liquid Membrane Extraction

Abstract

An evaluation of a solvent extraction system employing supported liquid membranes has recently been completed by Rockwell Hanford Operations. The focus was on a pilot-scale, tube and shell arrangement configured for continuous operation. The tube bundle consisted of 333 polypropylene-iiricroporous fibers with a total surface of 3.6 m².

Results are reported for the evaluation of operating parameters such as flow rates and corresponding aqueous pressure differences, solvent impregnation techniques, and test system durability. Chemical and physical test results, including permeability data, are also reported for the systems nitrate ion/nitric acid/tertiary amine and (nonradioactive) Group IA-IIA metal/nitric acid/ phosphoric acid extractant.     

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Pilot-Scale Screw Conveyor Dryer

This article presents results of an experimental study on the flow characteristics of a pilot-size screw conveyor dryer (SCD). In particular, the effects of granular solids flow rate (15.2-206 kg/h) and screw speed (10.8-28 rpm) on the residence time distribution (RTD) were studied using sand as the model material. The RTD was measured using a dynamic step change in the solids flow rate. Parameters such as solids holdup, degree of fullness, mean residence time, and uniformity of the discharge flow were studied. The solids holdup and hence the degree of fullness was found to decrease with increase in the screw speed and decrease with the solids flow rate. The mean residence time was found to decrease with an increase in the screw speed, as expected. The screw speed and the solids flow rate strongly affected the discharge uniformity. An optimum value of the degree of fullness was observed with regard to the solids flow rate. Over the operating range examined, the solids flow pattern was close to plug flow, as indicated by high values of N and Pe number.     

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Pilot-Scale Screw Conveyor Dryer

This article presents results of an experimental study on the flow characteristics of a pilot-size screw conveyor dryer (SCD). In particular, the effects of granular solids flow rate (15.2–206 kg/h) and screw speed (10.8–28 rpm) on the residence time distribution (RTD) were studied using sand as the model material. The RTD was measured using a dynamic step change in the solids flow rate. Parameters such as solids holdup, degree of fullness, mean residence time, and uniformity of the discharge flow were studied. The solids holdup and hence the degree of fullness was found to decrease with increase in the screw speed and decrease with the solids flow rate. The mean residence time was found to decrease with an increase in the screw speed, as expected. The screw speed and the solids flow rate strongly affected the discharge uniformity. An optimum value of the degree of fullness was observed with regard to the solids flow rate. Over the operating range examined, the solids flow pattern was close to plug flow, as indicated by high values of N and Pe number.     

Ozonation of Colored Groundwater Pilot-Scale and Full-Scale Experiences

Two different sources of highly colored groundwater in Southern California, USA, were evaluated to determine the effects of ozone and ozone-hydrogen peroxide oxidation on the water quality of treated groundwater. The water quality objectives were based on color reduction, trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) reduction, and microbiological stability and regrowth potential of ozonated water in the distribution system, as indicated by the measurement of assimilable organic carbon (AOC). Ozone alone provided better color removal than ozone-hydrogen peroxide oxidation. Even though little overall decreases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and THMFP were achieved, a great removal in ultraviolet (UV) absorbance was observed. Ozone oxidation substantially affected the biological stability of treated water as evidenced by the increase in AOC levels. A good correlation was found between AOC and some experimental parameters.     

生化—氧化—人工湿地立体处理工艺中试研究

针对高盐有机废水一定有机物、盐度高、可生化性差等特点,采用生化-氧化-人工湿地立体处理工艺处理,中试论证工艺可行性。结果表明,进水COD能从890~2900 mg/L降至30 mg/L以下;控制进水NH4^+-N的质量浓度在300 mg/L以内,出水NH4^+-N的质量浓度在1.5 mg/L以下;进水TP的质量浓度在53~350 mg/L以内,出水TP的质量浓度可去除低于0.3 mg/L;对Cu、Ni等重金属去除效果好,Cu、Ni均可去除至达标排放。出水主要指标达到严于GB 3838-2002的地表水IV类水质标准,废水处理运行总成本约为71.31元/t。该工艺将3个处理单元分别放置在一个立体建筑物不同层次,具有处理成本低、处理效果好、节约用地等优势。     

气相氟化制备HFC-125的中试研究

主要介绍国内外制备HFC-125的工艺。结合公司实际，对HCFC-123，HF经气相氟化制备HFC-125／HCFC-124的工艺技术进行重点研究和探讨，并对其作了综合评价。     

Combined Crystallization and Drying in a Pilot-Scale Spray Dryer

Combined crystallization and drying of lactose solutions was performed in a pilot-scale spray dryer over a wide range of operating conditions. The effect of different parameters, including temperature, moisture content, atomizing air flow rate, liquid feed rate, main drying air flow rate, and particle size, on the degree of crystallinity of the spray-dried powders was analyzed. Water-induced crystallization (WIC) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) were used to assess the effect of these parameters on the degree of crystallinity of the spray-dried powders. The particles were characterized in terms of the final moisture content using WIC and distinctive differences in the peak heights, which are indicative of the particle crystallinity, were found for spray-dried particles using different drying conditions, supporting the results from MDSC. MDSC showed that decreasing the inlet air temperature by 40°C increased the degree of crystallinity in the particles threefold from 22 to 72%. A decrease in the inlet air temperature may decrease the particle temperature, resulting in wetter particles, and a lower temperature meant a longer particle drying time and allowed the particles to rearrange themselves into a more crystalline form. Up to 72% crystallinity is achievable in a pilot-scale spray dryer by suitable adjustment of the operating conditions. The results suggest differences in the rate of crystallization and particle size between small and pilot-scale spray dryers.     

低温氨氮减排技术的中试试验

在冬季低温条件下,利用设置在厂区内处理量为100 t/d的中试装置进行试验,分别探讨了水温、p H、溶解氧、停留时间与出水氨氮的关系。结果显示曝气池水温变化范围为11.0~15.5℃,p H保持在7.0~7.5,在曝气充足情况下未见出水氨氮超标现象(均小于8 mg/L)。通过提高溶解氧,可以有效提高氨氮去除率,出水氨氮能够稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物综合排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准。而当溶解氧降低至1 mg/L以下,则会影响出水氨氮达标。停留时间为10~14 h对出水氨氮的影响不明显。     

Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Ozone vs. Peroxone for Trihalomethane Formation

Both the direct ozone reaction and the indirect hydroxyl radical reaction are important in the ozonation of drinking water. This paper investigates the effectiveness of ozone versus ozone coupled with hydrogen peroxide (peroxone) with respect to trihalomethanes formation. The investigation was conducted on a pilot-scale at various H₂O₂:O₃ dose ratios of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.35 and change in peroxide addition point (pre- and post-ozonation). It was observed that the addition of peroxide, either before or after ozonation, increased trihalomethane concentrations and that increasing H₂O₂:O₃ increased trihalomethane concentrations. In comparing the addition point of peroxide, addition prior to ozonation better controlled trihalomethane formation than after ozonation.     

Physicochemical Characteristics of Date Powder Produced in a Pilot-Scale Spray Dryer

Date fruit is a good source of bioactive compounds and natural sugar. It has the potential to be utilized as a substitute for added sugar. Although several forms of dates—such as fresh dates, date paste, and date syrup—are available in the market and used for different applications, free-flow date powder would be highly beneficial in improving shelf-life, ease of handling, and blendability with various foods prepared domestically and in industry. The objective of this study was to produce date powder in a pilot-scale spray dryer and determine its physicochemical qualities. Date powder was produced at eight processing conditions (2 carrier agents (maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) × 2 inlet air temperature (150°C and 170°C) × 2 feedstock flow rates (25 ml/min and 40 ml/min)). To the carrier agent was added at 0.4 kg per 1.0 kg of date fruits (dry weight basis), and the feedstock to the spray dryer was prepared at 20% concentration. Date powder was obtained in all eight treatments. Color (L*a*b* values), moisture content, bulk density, wettability, solubility index, hygroscopicity, microstructure analysis (using scanning electron microscope (SEM)), and total phenolic compounds were determined for the spray-dried date powder. The physicochemical characteristics of date powder varied significantly with respect to the processing conditions. Although physical properties of date powder were significantly affected by the carrier agent, there was no difference in total phenolic compounds between date powders produced with MD and GA. An SEM study revealed that date powder produced with MD had smooth, regular-shaped spherical particles but with severe agglomeration. Date powder with GA had relatively smaller particles of irregular sphere with dented surfaces.