Evaluating the effect of oxygen content in BN interfacial coatings on the stability of SiC/BN/SiC composites

Boron nitride was studied as a fiber–matrix interface coating for Nicalon™/SiC composites. The effect of initial O-impurity content within the as-processed BN coatings on the long-term interface stability was investigated at elevated temperatures in flowing oxygen. Two types of Nicalon™/SiC composites were used for this study; one composite had a BN coating with <2% oxygen (low-O BN) and another composite had BN with an oxygen concentration >11% (high-O BN) in the as-processed state. The high-O BN is actually most representative of BN coatings available commercially. The BN coatings in both the high-O and low-O BN containing composites were structurally similar. The samples used here were thinned to <200 μm before oxidation and the final preparation for electron microscopy examination of the interface region was done after the reactions were completed. Thin samples were used to simulate maximum corrosion effects that would occur at the surface of an actual part during service. Ech sample was exposed to flowing oxygen at temperatures as high as 950°C for times up to 400 h. After each oxidation experiment, the BN coatings were examined by TEM to quantify the extent of any reaction which occurred at either the fiber/BN and BN/SiC matrix interfaces. At 950°C for 100 h, there were no interface microstructural changes observed in the low-O BN but there was extensive silica formation at the fiber/BN interfaces in the high-O BN. After 400 h at 950°C, large voids formed at the fiber/BN interface in the high-O BN sample only. Oxygen present within the initial BN coating contributed significantly to the degradation of the interfacial properties of the composite. Several techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to characterize changes in structure and chemistry of the fiber–matrix interface region and to elucidate and quantify composite degradation mechanisms.     

Reduction of oxygen content in high-purity tin powders

A procedure is proposed for reducing the particle size of Sn with no substantial increase in oxygen concentration. Using this procedure, powders containing no less than 70% fine particles (<5 μm) and no more than 10⁻² at. % O were obtained.     

Compressive and tribological properties of Al2O3 fibre and hexagonal BN particle hybrid reinforced Al-Si alloys

Al₂O₃ fibre-hexagonal BN particle hybrid reinforced aluminium-silicon alloys were fabricated by centrifugal force infiltration route. Hardness test and ultimate compressive test results are reported. The wear and friction properties of hybrid MMCs was investigated by means of a block-on-ring (bearing steel) type wear rig in a dry sliding condition. It is shown that the hardness and ultimate compressive strength of hybrid MMCs was evidently decreased with the addition of hexagonal BN particles, however, the wear rate and coefficient of friction of hybrid MMCs was improved simultaneously with increase of BN particle volume fraction, especially for the higher applied loads in the test.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and effects of pH values on properties of CdWO4 powders

Cadmium tungstate (CdWO₄) powders were synthesized by a hydrothermal method at different pH values. The samples show a pure monoclinic phase with the wolframite structure when they are synthesized at higher pH values. And the sample shows the highest crystallinity at a pH value of 7. All of the CdWO₄ samples show the characteristic band at 788 cm^?1 corresponding to symmetrical stretching vibration of W–O–W bond in WO₄ ^2? group in Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra. The transmission electron microscope results show that the particle sizes increase with the increase of pH value, according with the results of X-ray diffraction. All synthesized CdWO₄ samples show a broad blue–green emission at 350–550 nm. The emission intensity of sample synthesized at a pH value of 4 is nearly five times of that synthesized at a pH value of 1. These results indicate that the pH values have obvious influence on properties of CdWO₄ crystal in the hydrothermal synthesis.     

BN含量对多孔BN/Si3N4陶瓷结构和性能的影响

以氮化硅(Si₃N₄)为基体, 氮化硼(BN)为添加剂, 叔丁醇为溶剂, 采用凝胶注模成型与无压烧结工艺(温度为1750 ℃、保温时间为1.5 h、流动N₂气氛), 成功制备出具有一定强度和低介电常数的多孔BN/Si₃N₄陶瓷。在浆料中初始固相含量固定为15%体积分数的基础上, 研究了BN含量对多孔Si₃N₄陶瓷材料的气孔率、物相组成及显微结构的影响, 分析了抗弯强度、介电常数与结构之间的关系。结果表明, 通过改变BN含量可制备出气孔率为55.1%~66.2%的多孔Si₃N₄陶瓷; 多孔BN/Si₃N₄复合陶瓷的介电常数随着BN含量的增加而减小, 为3.39~2.25; 抗弯强度随BN含量提高而有所下降, BN质量分数为2.5%时, 抗弯强度最高, 为(74.8±4.25) MPa。     

Low temperature deposition of hexagonal BN films by chemical vapour deposition

Transparent hexagonal BN films were deposited onto copper substrates from the reactant gas BCl₃-NH₃-H₂ at temperatures in the range 250–700°C. The lowest deposition temperature of the films was about 250°C. The films deposited at temperatures below 450°C were unstable in moist atmosphere and devitrified; a 20%–30% decrease in weight was observed when these films were heated above 600°C in an argon atmosphere. In contrast, the films deposited at temperatures above 600°C were very stable, decreased in weight by 1%–2% on heating and were stable in air at temperatures below 750°C.     

Cu-doping effect on structure and magnetic properties of Fe-doped ZnO powders

Fe-doped and Cu, Fe co-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors powders were synthesized by sol–gel method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Zn_0.97−xFe_0.03Cu_xO (x ≤ 0.02) samples were single phase with the ZnO-like wurtzite structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ existed in Zn_0.97Fe_0.03O, while Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺and Cu⁺, Cu²⁺ were found in Zn_0.95Fe_0.03Cu_0.02O. Both Zn_0.97Fe_0.03O and Zn_0.95Fe_0.03Cu_0.02O exhibited ferromagnetic performance at room temperature. But the Cu incorporation reduced the saturation magnetization of Fe-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors.     

Influence of oxygen content on magnetic properties of Fe-Ni alloys

58-percent Ni-Fe alloys have been investigated. It was found that the magnetic properties of the alloys depend on the whole chemical composition: matrix + alloying + impurity. The amount of impurities may be influenced deliberately by a proper selection of the atmosphere, temperature and time of the heat treatment. The effect of magnetic annealing was also investigated. Approximately linear relationship was found between the induced anisotropy constant and the suitably weighted average of oxygen and carbon contents. Our measurements suggest that the total amount of impurities in interstitial solid solution has an influence on value of the induced anisotropy constant.     

Co-Fe films: effect of Fe content on their properties

The characterizations of Co-Fe films electrodeposited on Ti substrates under potentiostatic conditions were investigated as a function of the Fe content in the films. The compositional analysis was carried out by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy used to analyze the surface morphology of the films revealed that the film surface became rather smooth with the increase of the Fe contents. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the crystal structure changed depending on the Co:Fe ratio in the films. It was observed that the crystal structure converted from the predominant face-centered-cubic to the body-centered-cubic with increasing Fe content. All films showed anisotropic magnetic resistance, but their magnitudes decrease as the Fe content increases. Magnetic data obtained from by vibrating sample magnetometer revealed that the changes observed in the saturation magnetization and coercivity values may arise from the Fe content of the films. The different magnetic and magnetotransport properties may come from the structural differences caused by the Fe content.     

pH值对溶胶凝胶-燃烧合成纳米晶LaMnO_3粉末的影响

以硝酸镧、硝酸锰和柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶凝胶燃烧合成技术制备了超细LaMnO3粉末。借助XRD、DTA、SEM、FT-IR等分析仪器研究了溶胶凝胶-燃烧合成技术合成超细LaMnO3粉末的过程,着重讨论了前驱体溶液不同pH值对溶胶凝胶燃烧合成过程及合成产物的影响。结果发现,采用溶胶凝胶燃烧合成技术能合成纳米晶的LaMnO3粉末,随前驱体溶液pH值增加,燃烧反应速率增加,合成粉体的平均晶粒尺寸随pH值增加而减小。通过控制前驱体溶液pH值能一步合成超细LaMnO3颗粒(粒径200nm)。     

Syntheses and properties of B-C-N and BN nanostructures

The current status of research on boron-carbon-nitrogen (B-C-N) and boron nitride (BN) nanotubes is presented. The latest achievements in syntheses, analyses and property measurements of these nanoscale tubular architectures are reviewed. The characteristic features of B-C-N and BN nanotubes, compared with conventional C nanotubes, are paid special attention. In particular, the latest breakthroughs in the chemical vapour deposition synthesis of BN nanotubes and an insight into their unique structures are highlighted. A wide range of potential applications is also envisaged, based on the recent progress, which includes pioneering results in BN nanocable fabrication, gas adsorption, electron transport and field emission measurements.     

Synthesis of SiC/BN nanocomposite powders by carbothermal reduction and nitridation of borosilicate glass, and the properties of their sintered composites

A new synthetic method for the fabrication of SiC/BN nanocomposites was devised to attain strong machinable ceramics. SiC/BN nanocomposites that contained 10, 20, and 30?vol% hexagonal BN (h-BN) were successfully fabricated by sintering SiC-BN nanocomposite powders by carbothermal reduction and nitridation of borosilicate glass powders. Homogeneous mixtures of silica (SiO(2)), boric acid (H(3)BO(3)), and carbon powder were heated in a nitrogen atmosphere to synthesize SiC-BN nanocomposite powders. Borosilicate glass was obtained by reacting SiO(2) and B(2)O(3) above 800?°C, and SiC and turbostratic BN (t-BN) were obtained by reacting borosilicate glass with carbon powder and nitrogen gas at 1500?°C. Carbothermal reduction followed by nitridation yielded SiC-BN nanocomposite powder composed of nanosized SiC and t-BN. By hot-pressing nanocomposite SiC-BN powders containing 7?wt% Al(2)O(3) and 2?wt% Y(2)O(3), machinable SiC/BN nanocomposites were obtained without a significant decrease in their fracture strength.     

Surface hardening of hexagonal BN sintered body by N+- and Ar+-ion implantation

Abstracts are not published in this journal This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

前驱体溶液配比及pH值对凝胶-燃烧合成纳米MgO颗粒的影响

以硝酸镁、柠檬酸及氨水为原料,用凝胶-燃烧合成法制备了MgO纳米颗粒.系统研究了前驱体溶液中硝酸镁与柠檬酸的配比及其pH值对凝胶的形成、凝胶的形态、凝胶的燃烧过程以及最终合成产物特性的影响,并在优选的工艺条件下,获得了平均尺寸约为10nm且粒径分布窄的MgO颗粒.     

Microwave properties of planar hexagonal ferrites

A large number of samples of hexagonal ferrite, with planar anisotropy incorporating various metal ions, were synthesized and tested for FMR (ferromagnetic resonance). Measurements were made at room temperature in transmission cavities at frequencies between 10 and 35 Gc/s on magnetically oriented polycrystalline compounds. Of the possible crystal forms for hexagonal ferrite, those designated asW, Y, andZwere investigated. TheYcompounds were found to have the most useful microwave properties. The resonance line width was found to vary between 100 and 1200 Oe, and the anisotropy field varied from zero to 40000 Oe. TheWandZcompounds have planar or uniaxial anisotropy, depending on the composition. The region of zero anisotropy was determined. The magnetically oriented polycrystalline materials resemble single crystals in having easy and hard directions of magnetization which require different magnetic field values for FMR. Qualitative information about how well the crystallites are aligned with each other can be obtained from the examination of two FMR absorption curves made with the sample turned so that its easy and hard directions, respectively, are aligned with the magnetic field. Curves are shown to illustrate the difference between nonoriented, partially oriented, and well-oriented materials.