自己动手,丰衣足食

忽然之间,通胀了。超市里,米贵了,面贵了,油贵了,连卷纸都在涨。菜场里,青菜贵了,海鲜贵了,各种肉也贵了。一时之间,贵气袭来,席卷了我们的生活。我们的收入没变,但是能够换来的实物越来越少了。     

涨时代的机遇与挑战

让价格再飞一会 盘点2010白酒行业的关键词,“涨”字无疑是最热门的话题：方便面涨价了,鸡蛋涨价了,面粉涨价了,燃油涨价了,蔬菜涨价了,食用油涨价了,棉花涨价了,水电费涨价了……很多人不禁感慨：“除了工资,身边的一切都涨了!”     

海盗大叔John Galliano遭遇Dior“解聘门”

关乎John Galliano,我也不得不八卦一下了,就算从不关注时尚圈的人也对他并不陌生吧。浪漫主义大师因为种族歧视言论遭老东家Dior解聘,让人咋舌。时尚界到底是怎么了,McQueen死了,Margiela隐退了,Slimane去搞摄影了,Gaultier也不在Hermes玩了,YSL去见马克思了,Valentino回家享清福了,现在John Galliano也出事了……     

语文教学的好帮手——多媒体课件

多媒体作为一种现代化的教学手段,创造了图文并茂、动静结合、声情交融的教学环境,巧妙利用声、光、色、形模拟了事物情景,再现了生动的事物画面,从不同程度不断的形成较多的兴奋点,为教学提供了逼真的表现效果,扩大了学生感知的时间与空间,激发了学生的主动性、积极性、创造性,突破了课程中的难点,培养了学生的审美情趣,提高了教师的教学成效。     

生物酶在亚麻染整加工中的应用研究

研制了专用于亚麻纤维前处理的多元复合酶,探讨了其对亚麻前处理的作用机理及工艺.实验结果表明,应用生物酶技术取代高温浓碱退浆煮练、次氯酸钠漂白的传统工艺,实现了清洁生产,根除了AOX危害,缩短了工艺流程,大幅度降低了综合成本,提高了产品质量,改善了织物性能及手感.     

略谈梳棉机针布的维护制度

从清花车间的管理,梳棉自停装置的检查及针布表面清洁制度的建立等方面介绍了梳棉机针布维护方面的经验,通过维护制度的建立执行,使针布损伤率下降了5个百分点,减少了设备事故,降低了不正常物料的投入,稳定了产品质量,提高了经济效益.     

对鲐鱼罐头生产工艺的改进

利用改进后的工艺生产出来的罐头。不仅提高了产品质量增加了鲐鱼罐头品种系列,也节约了原副材料,充分利用了鲐鱼本身油脂多的特点,降低了生产成本,提高了生产效益。     

褪去“奢侈”面纱平板放量增长

经历了关键一年的培育,平板电视终于脱颖而出,褪去了“奢侈品”的面纱,逐渐走入寻常百姓家,平板电视在2005年得到了放量的增长,销量达到了188万台,与2004年同期相比增长了379.3%,销售额达到了239亿元,比2004年增长了292.7%。中国平板电视终于结束了漫长的导入期,进入了快速成长     

纺织品数码喷墨印花技术和应用前景展望(续一)

概述了数码喷墨印花系统,指出了数码喷墨印花机理和喷印方式,总结了该印花技术的最新发展,介绍了该印花技术的工艺,以及印花所用墨水的特点与类型,探讨了数码喷墨印花机印花的注意事项,比较了数码喷墨印花与传统印花的特点,综述了数码喷墨印花的发展前景。     

点燃创新的激情

行业很冷,冷得让不少人失去了激情,失去了方向感,甚至失去了坚持下去的勇气。当二十多年来每年两位数的增长突然下降,突然来了个急刹车,这真不是闹着玩的。而且,以往有效的手段,似乎在这寂静的冬天里也唤不来消费者了。到底是怎么了?     

Original semiologic standardized evaluation of stratum corneum hydration by Diagnoskin stripping sample

In a normal and healthy skin, the regular elimination of the superficial corneocytes, called desquamation, is a fundamental physiologic process intended to protect the barrier function of the skin. This invisible loss of corneocytes, individually or in small groups, is incessantly compensated by the divisions of the proliferative layer and the upward cellular maturation in order to maintain the harmonious renewal of the epidermis and the integrity of the stratum corneum. The harmony of this desquamation process is intimately conditioned by a sufficient hydration of the stratum corneum: (i) an abnormal desquamation leads to a disruption of the water barrier function and consequently to a dehydration tendency of the stratum corneum, and (ii) a cutaneous dryness (whatever the cause) is able to disturb the desquamation process. Protecting the water content of the stratum corneum has always been a major preoccupation of the cosmetic industry scientists. Consequently, the moisturizing properties of a cosmetic product are objectively measured by various explorations directly targeted on the hydration (corneometry) and on the level of the water barrier function (transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements), which depends directly on the skin hydration state. This intimate linkage of the desquamation process and the water content of the stratum corneum enable us to suggest an indirect assessment of the hydration from a direct study of the desquamation by examining a skin-stripping sample (D-Squames) by an optical microscope (linked to a computer). We will describe this already known technique and mainly its new and unpublished semiologic exploitation, named Diagnoskin, whose advantages are its simplicity and its reproducibility particularly interesting in the case of sequential appraisal of dermatologic or cosmetic treatments.     

纺纱牵伸胶辊胶圈应用技术概要

阐述棉纺牵伸胶辊、胶圈的应用技术和牵伸原理,重点探讨了胶辊、胶圈的牵伸工艺特性及其合理配置、胶辊制作、周期管理、质量管理、使用管理、产品缺陷与其机械波分析、纺纱环境和挡车工操作水平对纺纱性能的影响,提出胶辊、胶圈有关机件的质量要求等。     

Non-destructive analysis of anthocyanins in cherries by means of Lambert-Beer and multivariate regression based on spectroscopy and scatter correction using time-resolved analysis

In high-value sweet cherry (Prunus avium), the red coloration - determined by the anthocyanins content - is correlated with the fruit ripeness stage and market value. Non-destructive spectroscopy has been introduced in practice and may be utilized as a tool to assess the fruit pigments in the supply chain processes. From the fruit spectrum in the visible (Vis) wavelength range, the pigment contents are analyzed separately at their specific absorbance wavelengths.A drawback of the method is the need for re-calibration due to varying optical properties of the fruit tissue. In order to correct for the scattering differences, most often the spectral intensity in the visible spectrum is normalized by wavelengths in the near infrared (NIR) range, or pre-processing methods are applied in multivariate calibrations.In the present study, the influence of the fruit scattering properties on the Vis/NIR fruit spectrum were corrected by the effective pathlength in the fruit tissue obtained from time-resolved readings of the distribution of time-of-flight (DTOF). Pigment analysis was carried out according to Lambert-Beer law, considering fruit spectral intensities, effective pathlength, and refractive index. Results were compared to commonly applied linear color and multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis. The approaches were validated on fruits at different ripeness stages, providing variation in the scattering coefficient and refractive index exceeding the calibration sample set.In the validation, the measuring uncertainty of non-destructively analyzing fruits with Vis/NIR spectra by means of PLS or Lambert-Beer in comparison with combined application of Vis/NIR spectroscopy and DTOF measurements showed a dramatic bias reduction as well as enhanced coefficients of determination when using both, the spectral intensities and apparent information on the scattering influence by means of DTOF readings. Corrections for the refractive index did not render improved results.     

Chlorophylls,carotenoids and anthocyanin concentrations in the skin of ‘Gala’ apples during maturation and the influence of foliar applications of nitrogen and magnesium

‘Gala’ apple fruit were sampled over two growing seasons, to determine the effects of maturation, and of foliar applications of nitrogen and magnesium on pigment concentrations and colour development in maturing fruit. Treatments of urea and/or magnesium sulphate sprays were applied to the trees in a commercial orchard. The chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin concentrations in the fruit skin were determined for both the blush and back sides over 15 harvests in 1991–1992. In 1990–1991, the skin chlorophyll concentrations were determined only for the back side of the fruit. The fruit nitrogen, magnesium and sulphur concentrations were determined near maturity. The concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoids in apple skin decreased from the first harvest in 1991–1992 as the fresh weight increased from 12 g, 40 days from flowering to 140 g, 138 days from flowering. Chlorophyll continued to decrease whereas carotenoid concentrations increased after 138 days and until at least 153 days. The average skin chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were higher on the blush side of the fruit than on the back. The total chlorophyll per fruit increased from the first harvest to a peak about 70 days after flowering in 1990–1991 and then decreased over the remainder of the period studied. The time of this peak was about 40 days later in the 1991–1992 season compared with the 1990–1991 season. The total carotenoid increased up to about 50 days after flowering in 1991–1992, fluctuated and then decreased up to 138 days when the amount increased again. The ratio of carotenoids to chlorophylls was highest for the first three harvests, fluctuated somewhat up to c 138 days after flowering after which the ratio increased rapidly. The anthocyanin concentrations were low and fluctuated up to 130 days from flowering and then increased markedly only on the blush side at 130 days, about 14 days before the carotenoids started to increase. The treatment of the tree canopy with urea increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in the fruit skin, 14–20 days after the first application until after maturity, more so on the blush side than on the back side. These increased concentrations were maintained up to the harvest after which carotenoid concentrations increased. The urea treatment lessened the increase of anthocyanin concentrations in the blush side skin of the fruit, at maturity. At maturity, the nitrogen concentration of fruit from urea treated trees was higher than those from untreated trees. The magnesium sulphate treatment of the canopy increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration on the back of the fruit within 20–30 days from commencing spraying. The ‘ground colour’ scores for the back sides of the fruit (used for fruit picking and grading) were greener for the urea treated fruit and reached an acceptable score about two weeks later than the untreated fruit. ©1998 SCI     

Measurement of paralytic shellfish toxins in molluscan extracts: comparison of the microtitre plate saxiphilin and sodium channel radioreceptor assays with mouse bioassay, HPLC analysis and a commercially available cell culture assay

This study compared five methods of measuring paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) including the long-used mouse lethality bioassay, a commercially available cell culture test (MIST ® Quantification kit), HPLC analysis, and two newly developed radioreceptor assays utilizing mammalian sodium channels and saxiphilin. Methods were challenged with toxic shellfish extracts prepared according to the AOAC official method. The best correlations between predicted toxicity values being 0.9 or better, were those between HPLC analysis when compared with both radioreceptor assays and the mouse lethality bioassay, as well as that between the saxiphilin and the sodium channel radioreceptor assays. In all cases, statistically significant correlations existed between the toxicity measurements of the same extracts. The ratios between some methods were not unitary as measured by the slopes of the regression lines used for correlation analyses. HPLC analysis predicted more toxicity than all of the bioassays. The saxiphilin assay underestimated toxicity relative to the mouse bioassay, the MIST ® kit determinations and the sodium channel assay. The sodium channel assay predicted there to be less toxicity than the mouse bioassay and the MIST ® kit. Of all of the techniques used, the MIST ® kit correlation with the mouse bioassay was nearest to one. Each method possesses different virtues and it may be that a multi-method approach would harness the benefits of each method for various aspects of a shellfish testing regime.     

Prediction of worst case migration: presentation of a rigorous methodology

An improvement of the Piringer model, allowing the prediction of a worst case migration from packaging to food is presented here. The authors are proposing other constants for the calculation of the upperbound value of the diffusion coefficient, using experimental data determined by a film to film method. Considering the plasticizing effects of food simulants, a model involving the variation of the diffusion coefficient versus space and time must be used. Future fields of investigation are discussed: the relationship between diffusion coefficients and the volume of the migrant (instead of molar mass), and the variation of diffusion coefficient activation energy with temperature.     

赛络纺纱钢领、钢丝圈的选配实践

为了提高赛络纺纱成纱质量,减少细纱断头,从钢领、钢丝圈的种类,卷绕过程中对纺纱的影响及其运动配合等诸多因素出发,论述了钢领、钢丝圈的选配原则,重点阐述了赛络纺纱钢丝圈运动形态的变化及钢领、钢丝圈的选配要求,通过纯棉、非棉纤维纺纱的选配实践,指出赛络纺纱线毛羽少,结构紧密,应根据纺纱纤维性能和纺纱特点,以纱线通道通畅降毛羽、运行平稳少断头、散热良好延长使用寿命为原则对钢领、钢丝圈进行选配。     

高校宝石及材料工艺学专业的构建研究

通过回顾高校宝石及材料工艺学专业的创建历程,深入探讨了该专业未来发展所面临的、深层次的理论问题,即学科属性与文化背景,学科构成与知识内涵,学科方向与实践定位,学科任务与社会功能。在此基础上,建立了多层次技术教育的社会功能模型,由此推断：高校中的宝石及材料工艺学专业属于多层次技术教育中的高等职业技术教育。同时,还构建了该专业的技术教育的社会功能模型和学科构成模型,进一步确立了该专业的社会实践定位。     

合理优化并条工艺 减少针织纱细节

为了减少并条工序对成纱细节的影响,分析了并条机的工艺参数设置和工艺配置原则以及运转管理对棉纱细节的影响,针对影响棉纱细节的因素提出优化工艺配置、完善生产管理时应注意合理选择罗拉隔距及前后区牵伸分配、喇叭口直径,压力棒调节环直径以及胶辊直径,同时在生产管理中应减少意外牵伸、加强巡回检查和操作管理工作,从而保证棉条更加均匀、棉纱细节大幅降低。