基于加速度传感器的无按键计步腕表低功耗算法

针对基于加速度传感器的无按键计步腕表的核心算法进行了低功耗优化.在现有的敲击检测控制算法和计步算法基础上,分别提出了预测敲击检测算法和自适应计步算法,并将这两种改进算法应用于一个由智能手机和无按键腕表构成的实际系统中.实验结果表明:这两种改进算法能够有效地减少处理器运算时间,在保证用户体验和计步精度的情况下显著降低系统功耗.     

基于MSP430和μC/OS-Ⅱ的低功耗智能手环设计

智能手环作为一款穿戴式的电子产品,制约其发展的最大因素是待机时间和数据的准确性,本文采用TI公司的MSP430F5529 16位超低功耗单片机为主控制器,在其上移植μC/OS-Ⅱ系统后改进了计步算法。实验测试了手环的待机功耗和手环计步的精确度,通过与目前市场上其他主流产品对比,本文设计的智能手环在计步的准确度与低功耗方面都有显著提升,有进一步研究和推广的价值。     

基于自适应双阈值的计步算法

针对现有计步算法对不同运动状态适应性差的问题,设计了一种基于自适应阈值的计步算法。该算法首先通过智能手环的内置三轴加速度传感器采集用户在慢走、快走以及跑步三种步行频率的加速度数据,经过五点滤波预处理,在自适应时间窗内检测波峰波谷,再将波峰均值和波谷均值的平均值作为上阈值,波谷均值作为下阈值,通过动态阈值判定步数,最后根据行走振幅和行走频率存在的规律性进行假步检测。测试表明,该算法对于不同的用户在三种不同频率下平均计步精度可以达到91.88%以上。     

基于深度强化学习的计步方法

针对计步软件使用中用户行为不定，容易产生各种噪声以及传统算法中参数不能持续优化的问题，本文提出基于深度强化学习的计步方法。将噪声判别及步数统计作为智能体的动作，在步数统计中改进波峰检测法，提出均值穿越波峰波谷检测法。利用循环神经网络保存内部状态，将用户对计步器计步好坏的反馈作为奖励信号，指导参数持续优化。实验结果表明，该方法在采集设备放置于不同位置并且有噪声时，噪声识别率为0.9151，计步误差率为0.0623，有较高的精度以及较强的抗干扰能力。     

嵌入式开发过程中按键检测算法的改进

为了解决嵌入式系统开发过程中,传统按键检测算法将单片机的资源全部用来做按键扫描,从而使CPU的利用率大大降低的问题。在传统按键检测算法的基础上,提出了一种基于有限状态机(FSM)的按键检测程序算法。为了验证基于FSM的按键检测程序算法较传统算法的优势,在Keil uVison3集成开发坏境下,将两种算法做了性能分析。通过性能分析窗口,可以看出新算法在CPU利用率方面得到了大大的提高。     

一种动态窗口PCA运动方向估计算法

首先针对个人航位推算系统中计步算法的阈值设定问题,提出了一种基于有限状态机的阈值自学习算法.通过该算法可以在较短的时间内(10s)获得自适应阈值,提高计步算法的准确性.然后在利用该阈值进行计步的同时,对连续步态进行分割,并以分割结果作为动态窗口进行主成分分析,可以获取目标运动的方向.此外,通过利用运动步态模型中加速度变化的规律可以有效解决180°模糊问题.实验分析结果表明,相比于固定窗口的 PCA 分析方法,基于动态窗口的 PCA 在数据处理量降低61.2%的情况下,其准确度提高了11.1%.     

加速度差分有限状态机计步算法

在用户行为无法预知的实际计步应用中,如何保持计步算法的准确性和稳定性是一个极具挑战的问题。传统的计步算法利用阈值设定和峰值检测,并不能解决计步算法的普适性和稳定性。针对上述问题,提出了基于加速度差分作为特征的有限状态机(acceleration differential based on finite state machine,AD-FSM)计步算法。该算法将原始加速度取平方和,并通过卡尔曼滤波去除噪声干扰,最后使用加速度差分有限状态机实现计步检测。实验结果表明,该算法在正常和干扰情况下能够提供精确的计步结果,误差分别为1.12%、4.00%,验证了该计步算法在降低状态机复杂度的同时具有较强的稳定性和鲁棒性,更能适应复杂的应用场景。     

一种改进的基于MRF模型的斑块检测算法

斑块是一种常见的电影胶片损伤.提出了一种基于马尔可夫随机场(MRF)的改进的多步斑块检测及验证算法(MDV).MDV检测算法分3个步骤.第1步将斑点检测索引算法(SDIp)和等级顺序差分检测算法(ROD)相结合以提高斑块检测算法的检全率.第2步的改进的MRF算法以第1步检测结果为运算定义域,大大减小了MRF算法的运算量.第2步随后在原始帧和运动补偿帧分别进行MRF算法检测,并通过添加去噪因子降低了改进的MRF算法的误检率.第3步通过时域的匹配技术将斑块进一步去伪存真.实验结果表明,在与现有的算法的对比中,该方法不仅有着更高的检全率和更低的误检率,而且计算速度也大大提高.     

基于微加速度计的鼠标系统设计

设计了一种新型的输入设备--微加速度计鼠标系统,该系统融合了MEMS微加速度计和无线射频技术,能够实现传统鼠标的功能.该系统由用户控制和信号接收两部分组成.无线射频技术使得用户控制模块能够摆脱线缆的束缚,在空中自由运动,并可通过人体任何部位进行控制.二维旋转角算法和按键模拟算法的提出,使该鼠标系统能达到比传统鼠标更高的控制精度、更高的DPI,实现无按键的操作.     

按键检测算法创新在嵌入式开发中的应用

传统的按键检测算法对应的CPU占用率非常大,为了在嵌入式开发过程中解决这一问题,本文提出了一种基于有限状态机的新型按键检测算法。首先简要介绍了有限状态机分析设计的原理,在其基础上对按键检测算法进行了创新,并将其应用到了嵌入式开发当中,实践证明,本文的按键检测算法在嵌入式开发中的应用具有一定的创新性,并且实用价值较高。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.