城市污水处理厂对周边环境的污染及治理

近年来我国城市污水处理厂建设发展迅速,但不少污水处理厂在改善环境的同时,又成为新的污染源。分析了污水处理厂对周边环境造成的污染,主要表现为恶臭、噪声、污泥和出水不能达到国家二级排放标准。针对恶臭和噪声污染,着重论述了建设花园式厂区和全封闭的“室内”、地下污水处理厂的解决方案。同时,提出以人为本的设计、建设理念。     

地下污水处理厂的恶臭污染特征与技术需求分析

随着我国对城市化建设进程的推进和对生态文明建设的重视，地下污水处理厂由于具有节约城市土地资源，环境友好等特点迎来了新的发展机遇。分析了地下污水处理厂的产生背景与发展概况，介绍了污水处理厂除臭方式的发展历程，阐述了地下污水处理厂恶臭污染的特点，并对现行的恶臭相关标准进行了归纳总结，指出当前标准体系中存在的问题。最后，结合地下污水处理厂的特点，对其恶臭污染控制的技术需求进行了分析并提出了相应的对策建议。     

城镇污水处理厂项目环境影响评价重点的研究

城镇污水处理厂作为一项环境保护工程,在发挥环境效益的同时,运行过程中排放的尾水、产生的恶臭和污泥等污染物对环境将产生不利影响。在进行污水处理厂项目环境影响评价时,应识别评价重点,目的是使环境影响预测和评价具有针对性,以发挥更大的环境效益。根据污水处理厂的工程特性,结合江门市江海污水处理厂工程环境影响评价的实践经验,提出污水处理厂环境影响评价应重点关注厂址环境合理性分析、污水处理工艺比选、尾水排放对水环境影响、恶臭对大气环境影响、污泥处置对环境影响等问题。     

浅谈污水处理厂建设对城市水环境影响

正环境保护是我国的基本国策之一,而水环境的保护是当前环境保护的重点。近年来,为保护水环境,减少城镇居民生活污水污染负荷,城市污水处理的建设有了很大发展。城市污水处理厂的建设能够有效减少水污染负荷,减轻对城市水环境的不利影响。然而,一方面现行城市污水处理厂排放标准和水质标准之间依然存在一定的差距,另一方面城市水系连通,水功能区相互交错,城市污水处理厂的建设和尾水排放对城市水环境的影响依     

南方城市污水处理厂实际运行水质远小于设计值的原因及其对策

针对我国南方城市污水处理厂实际运行水质远小于设计值的现状，探讨了产生原因及其对策，提出了可供选择的设计方案和工艺流程。     

城市污水处理厂节能水平评估标准探讨

以我国现行典型城市污水处理厂实际运行情况为依托,结合国内外经验成果,在筛选影响城市污水处理厂节能水平重要因子的前提下,初步提出采用打分形式对城市污水处理厂节能水平进行评估的设想,从而建立城市污水处理厂节能水平等级划分标准。     

雨污混流排水方式解决城市河道水质污染问题探讨

目前我国老城区排水方式大都为雨污混流,城市污水通过混流管网排入河道,河道非降雨期因主要槽蓄污水而污染严重,降雨期因径流稀释污染较轻.在混流管网入河口设排水井,沿河铺设污水管道,可使非降雨期城市污水收集输送至污水处理厂集中处理,降雨期不影响城市雨水排放.混流管网入河口排水井设计是解决非降雨期城市河道污染的关键,通过实例,介绍了排水井的设计及其应注意的问题.     

中国城市污水处理工艺现状调查与技术经济指标评价

通过对我国城市污水处理厂处理工艺和运行效果的抽样调查、分析与评价,针对我国国情,分析比较了当前我国污水处理厂主要使用工艺的处理效果(普通污染物去除、除磷脱氮)、运行稳定性、自控要求、二次污染等技术指标以及能耗、投资、运行费用、占地面积等经济指标,评价出城市污水处理主体工艺在不同情况的适用性。并就合理确定建设规模,选择城市污水处理厂工艺,科学地进行工艺方案比较等问题作了初步探讨。     

城市污水处理厂进水动态特性及其影响研究

城市污水处理厂进水负荷的大幅度变化会对污水处理厂的安全稳定运行造成较大影响,使污水处理工艺很难保持在最佳的运行状态。针对污水处理厂进水动态变化特性,研究其变化规律、形成原因及其对污水处理厂运行的影响,结果表明,污水处理厂的进水水量存在周期性变化,进水水质变化属正态分布,而且水质指标间显著关联。在掌握动态特性的基础上,提出了基于动态模拟评价降雨等冲击负荷影响污水处理厂运行的指标和方法。     

上海市石洞口城市污水处理厂污泥干化焚烧工程

城市污水处理厂产生的污泥 ,越来越受到广大给水排水工作者的重视。结合上海市石洞口城市污水处理厂选择的污泥干化焚烧工艺 ,介绍了一般城市污水处理厂污泥的性质、污泥干化焚烧的工艺流程和控制参数 ,同时简要给出了投资及运行费用方面的情况。     

漓江流域城市污水处理技术研究

运用系统分析的方法,从流域水污染控制角度出发,对漓江流域的城市污水处理有关问题进行了系统研究。结合漓江流域城镇经济、技术水平特点,对流域的城镇排水的体制、出路进行了分析;根据污水排放和污染物排放情况以及水环境容量分布,确定了流域内城市污水处理厂规模;在分析了几种适合中小城市特点的典型城市污水处理工艺后,提出了4种城市污水处理工艺作为流域不同类型城镇的城市污水处理的优选技术;为保证流域水污染有效控制,建议实行流域水环境的统一管理。     

Estimations of municipal point source pollution in the context of river basin management.

Integrated presentation of total emissions on catchment scale is prerequisite for many tasks in integrated management of point and diffuse sources of pollution. This paper will focus on emissions of nutrients from municipal point sources. Based on calculations of discharges of N, P from households into wastewater and on the detailed evaluation of data from 76 municipal wastewater treatments plants, this paper presents ranges of specific loads of inhabitants and population equivalents in the raw wastewater. In addition data of these treatment plants have been evaluated in respect of the treatment efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus (average reduction rates) dependent on the design characteristic (with or without nitrification, denitrification or enhanced phosphorus removal). The results of the investigation show that the specific N and P loads from households in Austria lie within the range 1.6-2.0 g P/(inhabitant.d) and 11- 13 g N/(inhabitant.d). The specific contribution of industries to municipal wastewater varies between 0.3 and 2.0 gP/(pe.d) and 0 and 13 g N/(pe.d) with average values of 1.3 g P/(pe.d) and 6.5 g N/(population equivalent (pe)/d). As average values for municipal wastewater (contributions from household and industry) this leads to specific influent loads of 1.5 g P/(pe.d) and 8.8 g N/(pe.d). Average treatment efficiencies of treatment plants are for instance 50% nitrogen removal in treatment plants with nitrification and 80% in treatment plants with nitrification/denitrification. For phosphorus a removal of about 85% can be expected where the treatment plant was designed for enhanced phosphorus removal. Finally a method for load estimations based on standard values as mentioned above was tested for the estimation of emission from municipal point sources of selected regions.     

Water quality management in the Ruhr area

The Ruhr River is the major source of water supply for the North Rhine-Westphalian industrial district. To ensure drinking water supply from the river a system of reservoirs has been constructed for low flow augmentation. Five additional river impoundments have been built for the abatement of nonpoint pollution. The Ruhr River Association was established in 1913. Its first task was the reduction of coarse pollution by mechanical treatment plants. Activated sludge plants were introduced as early as 1926. Developments continued and presently tertiary treatment is performed by polishing lagoons on one-third of the Ruhrverband plants and a programme of storage and subsequent biological treatment of stormwater is underway. One important future task is nutrient removal from municipal wastewater by chemical precipitation and biological processes. Phosphorous concentrations in river water have to be diminished to fight eutrophication while nitrogen must be reduced because of drinking water considerations. Heavy metals have to be further controlled and organically attached halogens have to be diminished.     

Risk assessment for organic trace compounds in wastewater: comparison of conventional and advanced treatment.

The elimination of organic trace compounds in municipal wastewater was analysed at three German wastewater treatment plants. Additionally, the effects of advanced treatment, membrane filtration, adsorption and oxidation processes were investigated. To assess the ecotoxicity of effluents, a number of tools were used: substance-specific evaluation, case studies for combined effects and risk assessment on the basis of cumulative parameters. The results of the research projects revealed that aquatic environmental risks can be reduced significantly using advanced treatment technologies for wastewater treatment plants.     

汶川地震灾区城市供水的水质风险和应急处理技术与工艺

对汶川大地震后震区饮用水水源存在的次生污染风险进行分析,其中微生物浓度升高是首要风险,同时还存在大量使用消杀剂引起的杀虫剂污染和水源臭味增强的风险。针对这些风险,开展了一系列应急处理技术的验证性试验,提出了保障性应急处理工艺、强化吸附应急处理工艺和强化氧化应急处理工艺三种方案,以应对可能出现的震后次生水源污染,确保城市饮用水水质安全。     

Computational intelligence-based optimisation of wastewater treatment plants.

Methods of computational intelligence (CI), especially fuzzy control and neuronal networks, are used for controlling and optimising of wastewater treatment plants. Areas of application are the control of sludge water dosage, of phosphate elimination by optimal precipitant dosage as well as an optimal aeration in the nitrification zone. In two municipal wastewater treatment plants with 60,000 and 12,600 person equivalents the controllers have been installed and optimised and they have been in operation for several years. Results of operation of the plants are presented in comparison to previously used classical control. Performance increased significantly and the outflow values could be kept securely below the government requirements without increase of the energy consumption. Peak loads in the inflow were eliminated in the plant and did not increase outflow concentrations. Results of operation for more than three years clearly show that the CI controller is a cost-efficient method for a sustainable rise of performance in municipal wastewater treatment plants.     

Development of an odor wheel classification scheme for wastewater.

Overall, in the air pollution control field, odor concentration and intensity as well as hedonic rating have been well studied to the point where some level of standardization is being developed or is already in place. However, there has been no standardization with respect to odor quality characterization. There is now sufficient understanding of the types of odorous compounds that can arise from wastewater treatment processes to develop an odor classification scheme. This article presents the first wastewater odor wheel or classification scheme that should form the foundation for the evolution of odor quality data reporting with links to chemical causes.     

正确的政策导向是发展可持续污泥处理技术的保障

对污泥厌氧消化技术在国内外的应用及发展情况作了简单介绍.通过与其他污泥处理工艺对比,分析了污泥厌氧消化的优缺点、污泥厌氧消化工艺的费用与收益.指出污泥厌氧消化工艺是一种可持续的实用技术,理应成为城市污水处理厂污泥稳定化处理的首选工艺.认为应对现行的《城市污水处理及污染防治技术政策》进行修改,鼓励有条件的污水处理厂在选择污泥处理工艺时优先考虑厌氧消化技术.     

污泥处置堆肥发酵仓气体数值模拟及减少臭气扩散分析

污泥的处理处置已成为城市污水处理的重要问题之一。为研究堆肥发酵仓臭气收集规律,运用计算流体力学方法对发酵仓气体环境进行了数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行了比较分析。得到了仓内气体温度及压力规律并分析了排气口布置对转仓机出口上部气体流速的影响。结果表明,温度对厂房内气流影响不容忽视,同时发酵仓排气口排气量比重向进料端倾斜的方案可增强厂房的相对封闭性。