部分组合框架-钢板剪力墙边框柱设计方法研究

该文通过对部分组合框架—薄钢板剪力墙结构的试验,发现其内嵌钢板破坏顺序为初始对角屈服、统一屈服和应变硬化三个阶段。引入部分组合柱后,有效改善了传统钢柱的弯扭失稳破坏模式,部分组合框架柱破坏模式为柱顶和柱底形成塑性铰的强度破坏。基于“强框架、弱墙板”的设计理念,该文根据叠加原理确定了统一屈服阶段和应变硬化阶段部分组合柱内力计算原则,提出了适用于部分组合框架-薄钢板剪力墙框架柱的设计方法。通过有限元验证表明:该设计方法能够有效地预测底层受压柱的破坏模式及其塑性铰出现的位置,能够为合理的钢板墙边框柱设计提供理论依据。     

带球冠形脱空缺陷椭圆钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能及计算方法研究EI北大核心CSCD

为研究球冠形脱空对椭圆钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能的影响,该文通过带球冠形脱空椭圆钢管混凝土试件的破坏形态、轴压承载力、初始刚度和延性等性能在球冠形脱空影响下的变化规律,揭示了带球冠形脱空缺陷椭圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱的截面应变分布和核心混凝土强度特征,最终基于脱空特征对椭圆核心混凝土约束状态的影响机理,提出截面约束分区模型,推导并验证了考虑球冠形脱空影响的椭圆钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力计算公式。研究发现:核心混凝土破碎和斜向剪切、钢管局部鼓曲与凹陷以及试件的整体弯曲破坏是带球冠形脱空椭圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱的主要破坏形态;脱空缺陷的存在将削弱椭圆钢管与核心混凝土的相互作用,进而降低其轴压承载力、初始刚度和延性。     

锈损冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢短柱受压承载力试验研究

为研究锈损对冷弯薄壁型钢短柱受压承载性能的影响,设计加工了6个轴压及6个绕强轴偏心受压短柱试件,首先通过拉伸试验,分析了材料力学性能与锈蚀程度间的关系,然后对试件进行承载力试验,分析其破坏模式、极限承载力及变形特征等特性,结果表明:锈损钢材的屈服、抗拉强度、弹性模量及伸长率均随锈蚀程度的增加呈线性下降趋势。锈损未使短柱试件的最终破坏模式发生变化,但随着偏心距的增大,试件由腹板局部屈曲变为以畸变屈曲为主的耦合破坏模式;在相同锈蚀率条件下,轴压试件的极限承载能力较偏压试件退化更明显。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对试件进行数值模拟,计算结果表明其能够较好的预测试件承载力及屈曲行为。     

框架柱横向撑杆对钢板剪力墙结构作用效应研究

为研究设有横向撑杆的十字形加劲约束构件对钢板剪力墙结构墙板变形的抑制作用,框架梁柱连接衬板的加强效应,以及横向撑杆对框架柱"沙漏"现象的减缓效应,完成了两榀1:3比例单跨3层钢板剪力墙的拟静力试验,探究了两种结构的破坏顺序和破坏模式,对比分析了两者的滞回性能,墙板、框架柱及梁柱节点的变形和受力情况。研究结果表明:设有横向撑杆的十字加劲约束钢板墙较非加劲钢板剪力墙,具有更好的耗能能力,横向撑杆的设置显著改善了钢板和框架的受力性能,提高了墙体的承载力和刚度,有效减少了滞回曲线的"捏缩"现象,降低薄板墙的噪音及震颤。较非加劲钢板剪力墙,设有横向撑杆的十字加劲约束钢板墙结构框架柱的挠曲值变形量降低20%,梁柱节点的转动需求量略小,但节点应力要求大幅度降低。     

Deformation and tearing of clamped work-hardening beams subjected to impulsive loading

An approximate theoretical analysis, based on a power law stress-strain relationship throughout, is presented herein to examine the behaviour of clamped beams subjected to uniformly distributed impulsive loads, which represents an extension of the previous study. In particular, the rupture (tensile tearing) of the beams under impulsive loading is predicted by an effective strain failure criterion which takes into consideration the influence of the transverse shear on the axial tensile strain. It is found that the present theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations in terms of the maximum permanent transverse displacement and the critical input impulse causing beam tensile tearing failure when material strain rate sensitivity is taken into account.     

爆炸荷载作用下承重柱的弹性动力响应分析

为了建立爆炸荷载作用下承重柱构件的弹性动力响应分析方法,进一步奠定研究承重柱非线性抗爆响应和破坏形态的理论基础,该文将承重柱简化为承受轴向荷载的约束梁构件,并基于经典Timoshenko梁理论,通过建立等效频率矩阵、等效荷载向量矩阵以及修正的等效质量矩阵,采用变量分离法联立方程求解,推导出承受恒定轴力的Timoshenko梁在任意横向爆炸荷载作用下的弹性动力响应的解析解;并以此弹性解析方法为基础,进一步分析讨论了爆炸荷载作用下,长细比、初始轴向应变、端部约束条件及荷载参数等因素对承重柱弹性动态响应的影响,研究结果对钢柱或钢筋混凝土柱(RC柱)的抗爆分析与设计有参考作用。     

Numerical simulation and validation of impact response of axially-restrained steel–concrete–steel sandwich panels

Steel–concrete–steel (SCS) sandwich panels are an effective means for protecting personnel and infrastructure facilities from the effects of external blast and high-speed vehicle impact. In conventional SCS construction, the external steel plates are connected to the concrete infill by welded shear stud connectors. This paper describes a programme of research in which the non-composite SCS panels with axially restrained connections were studied experimentally and numerically. High fidelity finite element models for axially restrained steel–concrete–steel panels subjected to impact loading conditions were developed using LS-DYNA. The simulation results were validated against the dynamic testing experimental results. The numerical models were able to predict the initial flexural response of the panels followed by the tensile membrane resistance at large deformation. It was found that the strain rate effects of the materials and the concrete material model could have significant effect on the numerically predicted flexural strength and tensile membrane resistance of the panels.     

Dynamic models for low-velocity impact damage of composite sandwich panels – Part B: Damage initiation

Equivalent single and multi degree-of-freedom systems are used to predict low-velocity impact damage of composite sandwich panels by rigid projectiles. The composite sandwich panels are symmetric and consist of orthotropic laminate facesheets and a core with constant crushing resistance. The transient deformation response of the sandwich panels subjected to impact were predicted in a previous paper, and analytical solutions for the impact force and velocity at damage initiation in sandwich panels are presented in this second paper. Several damage initiation modes are considered, including tensile and shear fracture of the top facesheet, core shear failure, and tensile failure of back facesheet. The impact failure modes are similar to static indentation failure modes, but inertial resistance and high strain rate material properties of the facesheets and core influence impact damage loads. Predicted damage initiation loads and impact velocities compare well with experimental results.     

Dynamic axial crushing of square tubes

Eighty-four dynamic tests on thin-walled square steel tubes having two different cross-sections with c/h = 30.25 and c/h = 32.18 and various lengths were crushed axially on a drop hammer rig. Approximate theoretical predictions were developed for the axial progressive crushing of square box columns using a kinematically admissible method of analysis. This theoretical study predicts four deformation modes which govern the behaviour for different ranges of the parameter c/h. New asymmetric deformation modes were predicted theoretically and confirmed in the experimental tests. These asymmetric modes cause an inclination of a column which could lead to collapse in the sense of Euler even for relatively short columns. The effective crushing distance is considered in the approximate theoretical analysis together with the influence of material strain rate sensitivity, which is important for steel even when the loadings are quasi-static. The simple equations presented herein for the design of axially crushed spuare box columns give reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental results.     

Numerical and experimental study of the multi-axial quasi-static strength of clinched connections

Conventionally, the mechanical strength of clinched connections is determined by a single shear lap test and/or a pull-out test. However, in most practical applications a combination of shear and pull-out is exerted on the clinched joint. This paper deals with the development of an Arcan-like device which enables to introduce various shear/tensile ratios in a clinched assembly. An experimental survey of the multi-axial behaviour of a non-cutting single-stroke round clinched connection of two DC05 sheets, which is mild deep drawing steel, is conducted with this modified Arcan setup. These experimental results are used to check the validity of numerical models that predict the strength under multi-axial loading. Since the forming of a clinch is a fairly complex sheet metal operation, a good knowledge of the plastic material properties and the frictional behaviour is of the utmost importance to perform a sufficiently accurate FEA simulation. The impact of these factors on the multi-axial loading behaviour of the DC05–DC05 connection is investigated.     

传统风格建筑钢结构双梁-柱中节点抗震性能试验研究及有限元分析

设计并制作了4个比例为1:2的传统风格建筑钢结构双梁-柱中节点模型,通过低周反复荷载试验研究其抗震性能,得到了传统风格建筑钢结构双梁-柱中节点的破坏形态、滞回特性、延性等指标。研究表明:传统风格建筑钢结构双梁-柱中节点试件在加载过程中形成了上、下2个小核心区和中间短柱三个区域,其典型破坏形态是节点下核心区在压剪复合应力作用下的剪切破坏。试件变形以下核心区最大,其次为中间短柱。基于试验研究,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对其进行了非线性数值模拟分析,得到的节点破坏形态、应力分布及滞回曲线与试验结果较为吻合。     

The deformation and tearing of thin square plates subjected to impulsive loads—An experimental study

Experimental results for clamped mild steel square plates subjected to impulsive loads are reported. The strain rate-sensitive plates exhibit mode I (large ductile deformation), mode II (tensile-tearing and deformation) and mode III (transverse shear) failure modes. Three phases of mode II are identified as mode II¹ (partial tearing), mode IIa (complete tearing with increasing mid-point deformation), and mode IIb (complete tearing with decreasing mid-point deformation). For the cases where complete tearing occurs (modes II and III) the velocity of the square disc torn from the base plate is measured. An attempt to measure the speed of rotation of the disc is discussed. Threshold for the onset of failure modes II and III are given. Comparisons between the response of square and circular plates are discussed.     

Numerical simulation of axially loaded concrete columns under transverse impact and vulnerability assessment

With a view to assessing the vulnerability of columns to low elevation vehicular impacts, a non-linear explicit numerical model has been developed and validated using existing experimental results. The numerical model accounts for the effects of strain rate and confinement of the reinforced concrete, which are fundamental to the successful prediction of the impact response. The sensitivity of the material model parameters used for the validation is also scrutinised and numerical tests are performed to examine their suitability to simulate the shear failure conditions. Conflicting views on the strain gradient effects are discussed and the validation process is extended to investigate the ability of the equations developed under concentric loading conditions to simulate flexural failure events. Experimental data on impact force–time histories, mid span and residual deflections and support reactions have been verified against corresponding numerical results. A universal technique which can be applied to determine the vulnerability of the impacted columns against collisions with new generation vehicles under the most common impact modes is proposed. Additionally, the observed failure characteristics of the impacted columns are explained using extended outcomes. Based on the overall results, an analytical method is suggested to quantify the vulnerability of the columns.     

The fracture of ausformed steels

The influence of ausforming on the methods of tensile and impact fracture in a low alloy steel, has been studied.The ausforming produced austenite grains elongated parallel to the rolling direction and on subsequent quenching and tempering between 400 and 600° C, extensive networks of cementite particles formed along their boundaries. In this condition tensile failure occurred by the formation of longitudinal cracks along the prior austenite boundaries and these cracks joined together by transverse ductile tearing. On tempering above 600° C the boundary carbides coalesced and the matrix softened, and in this condition the steel possessed considerable resistance to transverse crack propagation.     

基于连续介质损伤力学的复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤模型

基于连续介质损伤力学（CDM）方法,建立了分析复合材料层合板低速冲击问题的三维数值模型。该模型考虑了层内损伤（纤维和基体损伤）、层间分层损伤和剪切非线性行为,采用最大应变失效准则预测纤维损伤的萌生,双线性损伤本构模型表征纤维损伤演化,基于物理失效机制的三维Puck准则判断基体损伤的起始,根据断裂面内等效应变建立混合模式下基体损伤扩展准则。横向基体拉伸强度和面内剪切强度采用基于断裂力学假设的就地强度（in-situ strength）。纤维和基体损伤本构关系中引入单元特征长度,有效降低模型对网格密度的依赖性。层间分层损伤情况由内聚力单元（cohesive element）预测,以二次应力准则为分层损伤的起始准则,B-K准则表征分层损伤演化。分别通过数值分析方法和试验研究方法对复合材料典型铺层层合板四级能量低速冲击下的冲击损伤和冲击响应规律进行分析,数值计算和试验测量的接触力-时间曲线、分层损伤的形状和面积较好吻合,表明该模型能够准确地预测层合板低速冲击损伤和冲击响应。     

角柱失效下钢管混凝土柱-组合梁框架抗连续倒塌能力研究

为研究角柱失效工况下钢管混凝土组合框架的抗连续倒塌性能,该文设计了1/4缩尺比例的两层两跨钢管混凝土柱-组合梁平面框架试件,对拆除角柱构件的剩余结构进行单调静力加载,获得该类结构的荷载-位移关系曲线、整体/局部破坏模式以及构件关键部位的应变曲线;在此基础上,采用能量等效原理分析该类结构的倒塌等效动力效应,并对该类结构的抗倒塌能力进行简要评估。研究结果表明:角柱失效工况下,钢管混凝土柱-组合梁框架受力过程主要经历了四个阶段:弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段、内力重分布阶段和破坏阶段;试件整体破坏主要集中于失效跨,破坏特征主要以钢梁断裂和扭曲变形为主,且二层钢梁先于一层钢梁发生破坏;压型钢板组合板受力过程中与钢梁发生局部分离,部分栓钉拔断;失效跨二层钢梁翼缘开裂时,框架内力通过相邻柱向一层钢梁传递。基于试验结果和能量平衡原理的结构动力响应简化评估方法,发现角柱失效工况下该类结构仍具有15.3%的抗连续倒塌剩余能力。     

Axially pre-loaded steel tubes subjected to lateral impacts (a numerical simulation)

The behaviour of axially pre-loaded steel tubes subjected to lateral impacts was already studied experimentally by the authors. One metre long tubes were first axially compressed and then impacted at their mid-span using a dropped object moving with a velocity of about 7 m/s. This paper reports details and results from a numerical attempt to simulate those impact experiments. A non-linear finite element implicit time domain dynamic approach has been used for the simulation. The numerical models employed have been found to efficiently simulate the failure sequences in the tubes which were subjected to a dynamic instability. In tubes which did not fail during the impact tests, the first impact and its subsequent rebounds have been properly simulated. Different numerical outputs such as the natural frequency of vibration in the intact and impacted tubes, failure loads and time histories of the impact load, the axial load and the tube deformations have been correlated against corresponding experimental records. In general, a good level of agreement has been noticed between the numerical and experimental results. Effects from parameters such as structural damping, variations in the pre-loading, etc. on the response of the impacted members have also been studied.     

反复水平荷载作用下偏心常轴压箱形钢柱抗震性能的数值分析

建立考虑材料非线性、几何非线性、几何初始缺陷、残余应力影响的有限元模型,对反复水平荷载作用下偏心常轴压箱形钢柱的受力性能进行模拟分析。通过与相关试验结果的比较,验证了有限元模型的正确性。在此基础上,对85个箱形构件进行数值分析,研究反复水平荷载作用下常偏压箱形钢柱的抗震性能。研究结果表明,腹板宽厚比是影响构件抗震性能的最主要因素,腹板宽厚比越大,构件的刚度、承载力退化越严重,延性越差。对于中等长细比的构件,当轴压比较小时,构件的抗震性能受整体失稳、局部屈曲和塑性变形的相互影响;但当轴压比较大时,整体失稳将起控制作用。柱顶弯矩使构件的骨架曲线发生平移,但柱顶弯矩对构件抗震性能的影响相对较小。根据有限元计算结果,回归出反复荷载作用下偏心常轴压箱形钢柱可承受的最大柱顶剪力和位移延性系数的拟合公式。     

薄钢板剪力墙结构试验研究及简化模型分析

通过对薄钢板剪力墙结构的低周反复荷载试验研究,分析了结构的受力机理、变形破坏模式、滞回曲线、延性指标、耗能能力等抗震性能指标。针对非加劲薄钢板剪力墙屈曲后受力性能,基于刚度等效、柱最大轴力等效和柱最大弯矩等效,提出一种构造简单又能考虑对边柱不利影响的三拉杆模型TSM(Three Strip Model),并与SM模型,精细有限元模型及试验结果进行了对比,结果表明,TSM模型具有很好的精度,可供工程设计应用。     

部分预制装配型钢混凝土短柱抗震性能试验研究

为了充分发挥预制装配结构在施工性能及型钢混凝土结构在抗震性能方面的优势,提出了部分预制装配型钢混凝土柱(PPSRC柱)及预制装配型钢混凝土空心柱(HPSRC柱)。PPSRC柱由高性能混凝土预制部分与普通强度混凝土现浇部分组成;为进一步减轻柱自重,HPSRC柱保持柱横截面空心。结合2个系列10个试件的拟静力试验,对PPSRC短柱与HPSRC短柱的抗震性能进行了研究。通过对试件的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、变形及耗能能力的研究,对柱截面形式、现浇混凝土强度、轴压力、配筋率及配箍率对PPSRC短柱和HPSRC短柱滞回性能的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明:配筋率较低的PPSRC短柱与HPSRC短柱的最终破坏形态为弯剪破坏,其余配筋率较高的试件均发生剪切破坏;所提出的预制高性能混凝土外壳、型钢及现浇混凝土能较好地协同工作,试件柱身未发现明显的纵向黏结裂缝;由于柱芯混凝土的存在,PPSRC短柱比HPSRC短柱表现出更好的耗能及变形能力;轴压力较低、配箍率较大、现浇混凝土强度较高的试件表现出更好的耗能及变形能力。基于试验结果和现行规范,提出了PPSRC短柱与HPSRC短柱的受剪承载力计算式,其计算值与试验值吻合较好。