光纤族系列绪论

目前,在有线电视和通信网络中,采用光纤干线已成主流。随着光纤的技术进步,光纤族也已形成系列。本文拟对正在不断开发和应用的光纤族系列产品作一简介。 1 光纤的分类 光纤是光导纤维(OF:Optical Fiber)的简称。但光通信系统中常常将Optical Fiber(光纤)又简化     

低损耗氟化物玻璃光纤的研制

介绍低损耗氟化物玻璃光纤的制备方法,包括高纯原料和光纤的制备,获得氟塑料包皮的氟锆酸盐玻璃光纤在2.4μm处的最低损耗为75dB/km.     

低损耗红外传输Ge30As10Se30Te30玻璃光纤的制造

利用改进的纯化技术和工艺技术制造Ｇｅ３０Ａｓ１０Ｓｅ３０Ｔｅ３０玻璃光纤，所制得的光纤在６．６μｍ波长的最低损耗达０．１１ｄＢ／ｍ。这是所报道的红外区任何碲（Ｔｅ）玻璃光纤的最低损耗。此外，这种光纤在５．２５￣９．５μｍ的损耗小于１ｄＢ／ｍ。     

红外空芯光纤

本文论述了红外空芯光纤的研究现状和进展，包括电介质包层金属波导材料的选择、波导制造技术和性质等。     

红外分布光纤温度传感器系统及特性研究

利用光纤喇曼散射的温度效应和光纤的光时域反射（ＯＴＤＲ）技术研制了应用于空间温度分布场实时测量的红外分布光纤温度传感器系统（ＩＲ－ＤＦＴＳＳ），在系统中光纤既是传输媒体也是传感媒体，在１ｋｍ传感光纤上采样２００点，并能对测温点定位。本文对系统主要特性进行了分析和讨论，实验结果如下：系统的测量范围０－１３０℃；测温准确度±２℃；测温分辨率０．１℃；光纤传感探头的空间分辨率为４ｃｍ；自由展开光纤空间分辨率小于１０ｍ，测量时间小于４０ｓ。     

国外红外玻璃光纤研制的进展

本文参考了近二十篇文献资料,从原料的制备,玻璃的熔制、浇铸及拉纤等几个方面论述了国外卤化物红外及远红外玻璃光纤的研制情况。     

中红外光纤激光器的研究进展

中红外光纤激光器因其特殊的输出波长和良好的光束质量,在军事、大气通信、生物医疗等领域有着广泛的应用前景。从不同掺杂稀土离子的角度介绍了氟化物玻璃和硫化物玻璃中红外光纤激光器的工作原理和结构,并阐述了国内外最新的研究进展。同时,介绍了本研究小组在中红外光纤激光器方面的研究工作及取得的最新成果。最后,对中红外光纤激光器的发展前景进行了展望。     

红外光纤及其应用

介绍了适宜于制备红外光纤的材料及红外光纤制备工艺，综述了红外光纤在军事、光谱学、热成像、测温、红外通讯、激光能量传输等领域的应用。如果能继续降低红外光纤的传输损耗，增大优质光纤维长度，制备出适用的低噪声探测器，那么，红外光纤在上述领域的应用价值将更大，也将会开拓出更广阔的应用领域。     

中红外玻璃光纤材料及拉曼激光光源研究进展(特邀)

高功率中红外光纤激光光源在前沿科学研究、空间光通信、医学诊断与治疗、环境污染监测和光电对抗等领域有着重要应用。拉曼光纤激光光源输出波长灵活，原则上可以在光纤材料透过窗口范围内获得任意波长激光，是实现中红外激光输出的一种重要手段。目前，基于硫系玻璃光纤、氟化物玻璃光纤、碲酸盐玻璃光纤等中红外玻璃光纤材料，已实现工作波长位于3.77μm的拉曼光纤激光器、平均输出功率为3.7 W的2 231 nm拉曼光纤激光器和波长调谐范围覆盖2～4.3μm的拉曼孤子激光光源。近期，笔者研究组制备出一种具有高热学和化学稳定性、高激光损伤阈值、大拉曼频移和高拉曼增益系数的氟碲酸盐玻璃光纤，并利用其作为非线性介质，先后实现了级联拉曼散射、级联拉曼光纤放大器、波长调谐范围覆盖1.96～2.82μm的拉曼孤子激光以及波长为～4μm的红移色散波，验证了氟碲酸盐玻璃光纤在中红外拉曼光纤激光光源研制方面的应用潜力。主要介绍了氟化物、硫化物及碲酸盐玻璃光纤材料的特点及相应的拉曼激光光源的相关研究进展，并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

中红外石英空心微结构传能光纤的研究进展

介绍了国际上先进的课题组在中红外石英空心微结构传能光纤方面的研究进展,其中包括用空心光子带隙型光纤和负曲率空心光纤两种结构的空心微结构光纤来实现中红外光的低传输损耗和弯曲损耗。迄今为止,国际上报道的最佳结果是:在2.9~3.4μm波长范围内可实现传输损耗低于0.2d B/m,弯曲半径可到2.5cm。     

远红外磁性纤维性能的探讨

对远红外磁性纤维进行了远红外发射性能及其磁性能的研究，结果发现：远红外磁性纤维具有较高的远红外线发射率。纤维磁感应强度，随着纤维中磁粉含量的增大而增大，随着拉伸倍数的提高而下降，随着样品厚度的增加而加大，经高温热处理纤维的磁感应强度明显提高，纤维很短时间的充磁就可以获得较理想的效果。远红外磁性纤维织物改善血流动力学校单纯远红外纤维织物明显。     

利用纤维红外吸收特性的皮棉杂质检测新方法

为有效检测出与棉纤维形态、颜色极其相似的异性纤维杂质,根据异性纤维与棉纤维近红外吸收特性的差别。提出近红外光谱成像方法检测皮棉异性纤维杂质．该方法分析近红外波段中异性纤维与棉纤维吸收特性差异随波长变化规律,确定了区分棉纤维与多种异性纤维的最佳波段的范围,建立红外光谱成像系统,将异性纤维近红外吸收特性转化为近红外图像中异性纤维图像特征,利用自适应图像增强和二值化图像处理,从皮棉背景中提取异性纤维．实验结果表明,该方法获取的异性纤维图像特征明显,检测结果与实际相符,此方法可有效识别皮棉中异性纤维杂质．     

Development of novel fibers for telecoms application

This paper reviews the current situations of optical fibers used for terrestrial and submarine transmission systems as well as up-to-date R&;D on these fibers. The current fibers include standard single mode fibers (SMFs), non-zero dispersion shifted fibers (NZ-DSFs), and dispersion managed lines (DMLs). Even though these fibers show quite high and matured properties, the internet traffic is continuously growing, and around 2015–2020, it is expected that the current transmission fibers would become inadequate. To prepare for the future ultra high-capacity transmission, there are three important R&;D directions for transmission fibers. (1) Reducing non-linearity by means of enlarging Aeff and/or reducing attenuation loss. It is very important in the case of transmission systems using new multi-level signal formats. (2) Expanding the transmission band more than the current C- and/or L-Band by utilizing new transmission fibers. For example, holey fibers (HFs), which have an endlessly single mode (ESM) property, are one of the interesting candidates of the new transmission fibers. (3) Using Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) by using multi-core fibers. The multi-core fiber literally multiples the core number within a fiber dimension, which enables multiple transmission capacity per one fiber. In addition to the developments of transmission fibers, component fibers have also been studied and developed. Examples of R&;D on these component fibers will be also discussed in the latter part of this paper.     

机敏复合材料内光纤植入技术的实验研究

介绍了机敏复合材料内传感光纤植入技术的实验研究结果,包括复合材料及传感光纤阵列铺设方式、光纤的植入方案、埋置工艺、光纤内埋部分在热压时的保护、光纤的引出及引出时在材料边缘的保护方法等。     

新型多芯光纤的模场特性分析

为了实现高功率、高亮度的光纤激光输出,研究了新型多芯光纤组束技术,基于大模场倏逝波,采用时域有限差分数值模拟方法,对多芯光纤(包含多根微纳纤芯或包含多根微纳芯和大芯径纤芯)的模场特性进行了数值仿真和理论分析。结果表明,以一定方式排列的微纳光纤束阵列中多根微纳纤芯可以很好耦合;当多根微纳芯和大芯径纤芯组束时,微纳纤芯能够有效地平坦模场。这一结果对于高功率光纤激光器和放大器的进一步发展很有帮助。     

Excitation of dorsal root fibers in spinal cord stimulation: atheoretical study

In epidural spinal cord stimulation it is likely not only that dorsal column fibers are activated, but also that dorsal root fibers will be involved as well. In this investigation a volume conductor model of the spinal cord was used and dorsal root fibers were modeled by an electrical network including fiber excitation. The effects of varying some geometric fiber characteristics, as well as the influence of the dorsal cerebrospinal fluid layer and the electrode configuration on the threshold stimulus for their excitation, were assessed. The threshold values were compared with those of dorsal column fibers. The results of this modeling study predict that, besides the well known influence of fiber diameter, the curvature of the dorsal root fibers and the angle between these fibers and the spinal cord axis are a major influence on their threshold values. Because of these effects, threshold stimuli of dorsal root fibers were relatively low as compared to dorsal column fibers. Excitation of the dorsal root fibers occurred near the entry point of the fibers     

Investigation of the supercell based orthonormal basis function method for different kinds of fibers

The supercell based orthonormal basis function method is proposed in this paper, in which the eigenequation about the propagation constant and the modal field is derived from the full vectorial coupled wave equations. It is efficient and accurate because all of the overlap integrals and the decomposition coefficients can be evaluated analytically. This method is efficient to investigate almost all the mode characteristics, such as the vector, degeneracy, coupling, absorption or gain properties, for so many kinds of fibers as ring fibers, Bragg fibers, multi-core fibers, elliptical fibers and photonic crystal fibers (PCF).     

Detection of neuromuscular junctions on isolated branched muscle fibers: application of nitric acid fiber digestion method for scanning electron microscopy.

Three-dimensional morphology and neuromuscular junctions of the branched muscle fibers of the rat skeletal muscles isolated from the rat were examined by application of the nitric acid digestion method for scanning electron microscopy. Treatment with fifteen percent nitric acid and a supersonic wave bath were effective in isolating the branched muscle fibers and for detecting their innervations by scanning electron microscopy. Mean numbers of total and branched fibers in the rat plantaris muscles were 11,130 +/- 314 and 32.4 +/- 4.8 (n = 12), respectively. Bifurcation of these fibers resembled either the letter X (X type) or letter Y (Y type). The Y type fibers were most frequently seen (84% of total branched fibers), and X types accounted for 14%. The remaining 2% of the fibers were subtypes of X and Y with overlapping bifurcation. These branched fibers were differentiated by their length from the bifurcated point, i.e., short, medium and long branches. Neuromuscular junctions on these branched fibers were located almost at the center of their length. The number of innervations was decided by the number of bifurcating fibers across the central part of the length.     

Electrospinning of P3HT-PEO-CdS fibers by solution method and their properties

Homogeneous composite fibers of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-polyethylene oxide (PEO)-Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) were manufactured by electrospinning technique using chloroform as solvent. The incorporation of CdS in the composite fibers was determined by SEM, FTIR and TGA techniques. SEM and confocal microscopy have been used to determine size, surface morphology and distribution of the fluorescence phase in the fibers. A morphology change in P3HT/PEO fibers was caused by the presence of CdS: porous morphology was obtained for low CdS concentration (3.8 wt% and less) and when the content of CdS nanoparticles is higher, they were concentrated at the center of the fibers. The photoluminescence response was modified with CdS inside the P3HT-PEO fibers. By XRD it was determined that the introduction of CdS nanoparticles in the P3HT-PEO fibers caused disorder in P3HT chains. The obtained composite fibers are promising materials for optic and electronic applications.     

Piezoelectric Nylon-11 Fibers for Electronic Textiles,Energy Harvesting and Sensing

Electronic textiles and functional fabrics are among the key constituents envisioned for wearable electronics applications. For e-textiles, the challenge is to process materials of desired electronic properties such as piezoelectricity into fibers to be integrated as wefts or wraps in the fabrics. Nylons, first introduced in the 1940s for stockings, are among the most widely used synthetic fibers in textiles. However, realization of nylon-based e-textiles has remained elusive due to the difficulty of achieving the piezoelectric phase in the nylon fibers. Here, piezoelectric nylon-11 fibers are demonstrated and it is shown that the resulting fibers are viable for applications in energy harvesting from low frequency mechanical vibrations and in motion sensors. A simulation study is presented that elucidates on the sensitivity of the nylon-11 fibers toward external mechanical stimuli. Moreover, a strategy is proposed and validated to significantly boost the electrical performance of the fibers. Since a large fraction of the textile industry is based on nylon fibers, the demonstration of piezoelectric nylon fibers will be a major step toward realization of electronic textiles for applications in apparels, health monitoring, sportswear, and portable energy generation.