SSSC对阻抗继电器动作特性的影响分析

将SSSC安装于线路中点,根据SSSC在故障范围之内和之外2种情况,对阻抗继电器的测量阻抗进行了分析,且通过SSSC的不同注入电压和补偿方式,以及过渡电阻的变化,仿真了阻抗继电器的动作特性。结果表明,SSSC在故障范围之内时对阻抗继电器的测量阻抗产生了很大的影响,应该采取措施减小SSSC对阻抗继电器的影响;另外,过渡电阻的影响同样不可忽略。     

基于神经网络的110kV双电源线路阻抗继电器

提出一种基于神经网络的110kV双电源线路单相接地阻抗继电器新原理.通过电磁暂态仿真程序(EMTP)对给定电力网络进行大量的仿真计算,证明了该阻抗继电器不仅能适应系统工况和过渡电阻的变化准确地进行故障定位,还具有故障选相和故障测距的功能.     

非全相运行再故障对距离保护的影响

为研究电力系统非全相运行再故障对距离保护的影响,建立了距离保护的相间方向阻抗继电器、接地方向阻抗继电器和反映各不对称短路的多相补偿阻抗继电器作两相运行再故障的模型,分析了一相接地故障、两相短路接地故障和两相短路故障的动作运行特性,并编写了相应的计算程序.通过仿真分析,验证了程序的正确性和可行性,得出了应保证阻抗继电器具...     

电缆-架空混合线路相间距离保护方案研究

在详细分析了电缆以及电力电缆-架空混合线路的参数特性的基础上,提出了一种适合于混合线路相间短路的距离保护方案,即由电抗继电器和方向阻抗继电器相结合构成的新保护方案:由电抗继电器来判断区内、外故障,由圆特性的方向阻抗继电器来判断故障方向。并利用ATP进行系统仿真,Matlab进行数据处理以及保护性能的仿真,结果表明该保护方案适合于电缆-架空混合线路,且具有较高的灵敏度。     

SFCL接入电网对接地短路阻抗继电器接线的影响

以电阻型超导故障限流器接入电网为研究对象,着重分析了接入超导故障限流器给原线路距离保护接地短路阻抗继电器接线方式带来的影响,并提出一种新的接线方式.采用基于PSCAD/EMTDC软件搭建仿真模型,通过设置线路在不同位置处发生单相接地短路故障,仿真在新的接线方式下,超导故障限流器与距离保护装置的配合使用效果.仿真分析结果表明:在新的阻抗继电器接线方式下,继电器能够正确反映故障点到保护安装处的距离,测量阻抗误差大幅降低,超导故障限流器可以与线路距离保护正确地配合使用.     

适应直流偏磁抑制装置接入的零序电抗继电器动作特性分析

讨论了电阻型直流偏磁抑制装置接入对线路距离保护的影响,针对由抑制装置引发的保护拒动或误动问题,提出一种将零序电抗继电器与相间阻抗继电器相结合的保护方案,相间故障采用相间阻抗继电器,接地故障采用零序电抗继电器,并给出了相应判据的整定计算方法。PSCAD仿真结果表明,此方案能够在一定程度上对直流偏磁抑制装置接入后的线路不对称故障进行有效保护。     

基于S变换的新型波阻抗方向继电器

为提高行波保护的灵敏性与可靠性,提出一种基于S变换的新型波阻抗方向继电器。通过对正方向线路故障后初始行波特征的分析,定义方向继电器的背侧母线波阻抗。依据该阻抗及继电器正方线路波阻抗分别设置正、反方向阻抗圆,构成双阻抗圆的方向判据。利用S变换提取单频率的电压、电流初始行波,并计算出波阻抗,根据该阻抗在正、反方向阻抗圆内的位置判别故障方向。PSCAD/EMTDC仿真结果表明:该继电器能可靠、灵敏、超高速识别正反方向故障,其性能受故障初始角、故障距离、故障电阻等因素的影响小,能适应母线结构的变化。以该继电器构成的超高速方向纵联保护具有良好的工程应用前景。     

基于S变换的新型波阻抗方向继电器

为提高行波保护的灵敏性与可靠性,提出一种基于S变换的新型波阻抗方向继电器。通过对正方向线路故障后初始行波特征的分析,定义方向继电器的背侧母线波阻抗。依据该阻抗及继电器正方线路波阻抗分别设置正、反方向阻抗圆,构成双阻抗圆的方向判据。利用 S 变换提取单频率的电压、电流初始行波,并计算出波阻抗,根据该阻抗在正、反方向阻抗圆内的位置判别故障方向。PSCAD/EMTDC 仿真结果表明：该继电器能可靠、灵敏、超高速识别正反方向故障,其性能受故障初始角、故障距离、故障电阻等因素的影响小,能适应母线结构的变化。以该继电器构成的超高速方向纵联保护具有良好的工程应用前景。     

基于补偿电压复合极化量的自适应距离继电器

方向阻抗继电器通常采用单一电压如正序电压作为极化量,其动作特性固定不变,不能自适应过渡电阻的变化.当高压输电线路发生单相经高阻接地故障时,过渡电阻可能导致阻抗继电器的稳态超越.在提高阻抗继电器自适应过渡电阻能力的同时,为避免因过渡电阻引起的不正确动作,利用补偿电压随过渡电阻变化的特性,提出了由补偿电压构成的复合电压作为极化量的阻抗继电器.在电压平面和阻抗平面分析了该继电器的动作特性,并以300 km线路500 kV双端电源系统为模型进行了仿真验证.理论分析和仿真计算表明该继电器具有较强的耐过渡电阻能力.     

偏移阻抗继电器调试原理分析

ZCG—21x相差动高频保护中的偏移阻抗继电器与相电流差突变量元件ΔIx组成反应对称故障的起动元件,而偏移阻抗继电器调试动作阻抗、偏移度、最大灵敏角的方法与整流型阻抗继电器不同。本文对该偏移阻抗继电器调试原理进行较详细的分析,以便于更好调试偏移阻抗继电器。     

基于阻抗比较的同杆并架选相新方法

首先对综合比相阻抗继电器在同杆并架双回线故障下的动作行为进行了研究,在此基础上提出一种结合综合比相继电器的选相新方法。这种选相元件根据改进后的综合比相继电器的选相结果,参考测量阻抗值对已选出的动作相再次进行筛选。同杆并架的后备距离保护应用此选相元件,通过适当的整定配合,能可靠地区分靠近线路末端跨线故障和区内相间故障,提高距离保护I段的正确动作率。数字仿真结果表明,基于阻抗比较的同杆并架选相新方法受同杆并架线路拓扑结构和对称性等因素影响小,能保证后备距离保护I段在各种线路运行方式下正确选相跳闸。     

Impact of SVC on the protection of transmission lines

The impact of Static Var Compensator (SVC) on the apparent impedance seen by the transmission line distance relay is investigated in this paper. Analytical results are presented and verified by detailed simulations. It is shown that the connection type of the windings of the shunt coupling transformer of the SVC has a remarkable effect on the apparent impedance seen by the distance relay. Six different phase to phase and phase to ground measuring units of the distance relay are simulated to resemble the behavior of the relay. The impact of SVC is more pronounced on the apparent impedance seen by the phase to ground fault measuring units than the others as is shown by the results. Simulation results include different power system operating conditions, SVC control system settings and different fault-type scenarios. The impact of SVC on the relay tripping boundaries is also clearly demonstrated. Detailed and sophisticated models are used for simulating distance protective relay in a digital simulation environment.     

同杆并架双回线跨线不接地故障的距离保护

从理论上分析了同杆并架双回线跨线不接地故障时距离继电器测量阻抗的变化规律。提出只有将高频通道、超范围距离元件配合构成允许式纵联距离保护，才能保护同杆双回线跨线不接地故障。还对超范围阻抗如何整定进行了讨论。EMTDC仿真试验证明了理论分析结果是正确的。     

短线路的自适应阻抗继电器方案的研究

本文在分析了圆特性方向阻抗继电器、电抗继电器和四边形阻抗继电器的基础上，从短线路本身特点及其故障特点出发，根据小定值的特点，提出了一种适用于短线路的阻抗继电器，该方案充分利用微机的计算能力和判别能力，采用电抗继电器和圆特性阻抗继电器的组合，即电抗继电器测量短路阻抗，圆特性方向阻抗继电器作为方向元件及负荷限制元件。该继电器整定方便、选相能力强、方向明确、容易实现阻抗继电器的自适应，具有较强的躲负荷能力和较强的抗过渡电阻能力。     

STATCOM/SVC impact on the performance of transmission line distance protection

The impact of 48‐pulse STATCOM/SVC on the apparent impedance seen by the transmission line distance relay is investigated in this paper. Analytical results are presented and verified by detailed simulations. The STATCOM/SVC control systems are modeled in full details and practical constraints are applied. It is shown that the presence of a current limiter in the control system of STATCOM could significantly mitigate the impact of STATCOM on the relay's calculated apparent impedance. Six different phase‐to‐phase and phase‐to‐ground measuring units of the distance relay are simulated to resemble the behavior of the relay. It is shown that the impact of SVC on the apparent impedance seen by the phase‐to‐ground fault measuring units is more pronounced. Different power system operating conditions, STATCOM/SVC control system settings and fault scenarios are considered in the simulations. The STATCOM/SVC effects on the distance relay tripping characteristics are also analyzed. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于自定义模型的变压器纵差动保护PSCAD仿真

为了减少变压器的继电保护设计、整定计算存在的误差,提出一种根据内部漏抗参数等值计算与短路阻抗实际参数测定相结合的方法,利用曲线拟合技术,得出变压器在不同故障条件下的精确等值短路阻抗参数。在此基础上,采用FORTRAN语言接口技术,在PSCAD/EMTDC中,结合实际数字式变压器保护装置建立了主保护及后备保护的精确短路阻抗自定义模型,并利用等值系统模型对变压器线圈内部不同位置的对地短路、匝间短路、相间短路分别进行了仿真计算。结果表明,采用新型的拟合方法及自定义元件能准确地模拟并分析变压器内部故障及继电保护装置的动作行为,为继电保护的原理设计及实际应用提供科学依据。     

非全相运行状态下距离保护行为的分析和改进

主要分析了电力系统输电线路非全相运行对线路保护装置中距离判据的影响.通过大量的分析得出,在非全相运行时,相间方向阻抗继电器和接地方向阻抗继电器有可能误动作,若系统振荡将加大误动的几率.对各种距离继电器在非全相状态下的动作特性进行了详细的推导及分析,最后得出了实用的非全相距离保护的实现方法.     

Ground distance relay Compensation based on fault resistance calculation

The fault resistance introduces an error in the fault distance estimate, and hence may create an unreliable operation of a distance relay. A new compensation method based on fault resistance calculation is presented. The fault resistance calculation is based on monitoring the active power at the relay point. The compensated fault impedance measures accurately the impedance between the relay location and the fault point. The relay has shown satisfactory performances under various fault conditions especially for the ground faults with high fault resistance. This new compensation method avoids the under-reach problem in ground distance relays.     

Application of a distance relaying scheme to compensate fault location errors due to fault resistance

This paper proposes a distance relaying scheme based on the current phase jump behavior during fault conditions to improve the apparent impedance estimated by the distance relay. For a nonpilot protection scheme, the measured impedance is affected by error due to the combined effects of fault resistance and prefault load. An experimental relation between the current phase jump introduced with fault inception and the X/R ratio seen by the distance protection is deduced. The phase jump correction factor obtained is an exponential function of the X/R ratio of the line. This factor is applied to the apparent impedance measured by the relay and it allows mitigating the adverse effect of prefault power. The relaying scheme improves significantly the accuracy in estimation of the resistive fault location. The application of this scheme does not require communication links from the remote end of line and is applicable to all types of fault.     

Bridge-type superconducting fault current limiter effect on distance relay characteristics

The growth of the electrical energy generation and the increased interconnection of networks lead to higher fault current levels. The superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) offers a solution to these problems with many significant advantages. The bridge-type SFCL can limit the fault current without any delay and smooth the surge current waveform. The application of SFCLs in networks can affect the protection system. In this paper, the impact of the bridge-type SFCL on the apparent impedance of the distance relay is studied. The analytical and simulation studies are presented for phase to ground and phase to phase faults, to show the impact of the bridge-type SFCL on the performance of the distance relay and its characteristics.