用高能束流进行钛合金表面改性

概述了利用高能束流进行材料表面改性的技术及其对钛合金表面改性的应用。这些技术包括激光固态相变强化处理,激光表面熔凝处理、激光表面合金化、离子注入、离子束混合和离子束辅助气相沉积。钛合金经高能束流表面改性处理可以提高其表面硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。     

TA15钛合金碳钨元素激光表面合金化组织及耐磨性能

针对钛合金耐磨性差的问题,利用WC颗粒与TA15钛合金粉末混合采用激光表面合金化技术在TA15钛合金表面成功制得以溶入W元素的β-Ti为基体、初生及共晶TiC/(TiW)C为增强相的表面改性层。结果表明,改性层由于钨元素与碳元素的添加,显微硬度得到提高,耐磨性能提高了2～3倍。TiC/(TiW)C硬质增强相为提高改性层的耐磨损性发挥了重要作用。     

Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2Sn合金碳硅元素激光表面合金化涂层的显微组织及耐磨性能

采用HL-5000型横流CO2激光器在氩气保护情况下对预置石墨和硅混合粉末的β型Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2Sn钛合金进行激光表面合金化处理,在合金表面原位生成碳、硅和钛的化合物改性层,并对其激光表面合金化改性层的显微组织和耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明,在激光功率1200 W、激光扫描速度6 mm/s、激光束斑直径5 mm条件下,得到表面平整、细密、无裂纹且与基体形成良好冶金结合的激光表面合金化改性层;改性层外表面主要由细小的TiC颗粒和等轴状Ti5Si3C1-x组成,而靠近基体的内表面层则由TiC枝晶相和共晶组织(Ti3SiC2+β-Ti)组成;改性层外表面硬度可达1262HV0.2,摩擦因数约为0.649,而基体的硬度约为225HV0.2,摩擦因数约为1.039;与基体合金相比,基体的表面合金化改性层表现出良好的耐磨性能。     

TiAl金属间化合物碳元素激光表面合金化

利用元素碳对ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物化合金进行激光表面合金化,制得了以硬质ＴｉＣ为增强相的新型快速凝固“原位”复合材料表面改性层,研究了激光表面合金化工艺参数对激光表面改性显微组织的影响。     

钛合金体育器械的表面改性与磨损行为研究

对钛合金体育器械进行了激光表面改性处理,观察了不同激光扫描速度下的激光表面改性层形貌,并对截面形貌进行了观察,对比分析了激光表面改性前后体育器械的耐磨性能。结果表明,激光表面改性层中的颗粒状析出物为Ti C,等轴状析出物为Ti_5Si_3C并残留有部分C,共晶组织为β-Ti和Ti_3SiC_2组成,枝晶和块状组织主要含有C和Ti。激光表面合金化处理后,钛合金的磨损体积急剧降低,表面耐磨性能明显提高,磨损机制从粘着磨损转化为磨粒磨损。     

Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb金属间化合物激光表面合金化组织与耐磨性

分别采用氮气及预涂 Ti N粉、碳粉、Ti C粉等方法对 Ti- 48Al- 2 Cr- 2 Nb金属间化合物进行激光表面合金化 ,制得了分别以 Ti N,Ti C等硬质耐磨相为增强相的快速凝固“原位”金属基耐磨复合材料表面改性层 ,并分别在干滑动及磨料磨损条件下测试了所获激光表面合金化改性层的耐磨性。结果表明 ,对 Ti- 48Al- 2 Cr- 2 Nb合金进行激光表面合金化改性处理后显微硬度和耐磨性大幅度提高     

Ti—48Al—2Cr—2Nb金属间的激光表面合金化组织与耐磨性

分别采用氮气及预涂ＴｉＮ粉、碳粉、ＴｉＣ粉等方法对Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ－２Ｃｒ－２Ｎｂ金属间化合物进行激光表面合金化,制得了分别以ＴｉＮ,ＴｉＣ等硬质耐磨相为增强相的快速凝固“原位”金属基耐磨复合材料表面改性层,并分别在干滑动及磨料磨损条件下测试了所获激光表面合金化改性层的耐磨性。结果表明,对Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ－２Ｃｒ－２Ｎｂ合金进行激光表面合金化改性处理后显微硬度和耐磨性大幅度提高。     

γ—TiAl金属间化合物合金激光表面合金化改性

以NiCr-Cr3C2混合粉末为原料,对γ-TiAl金属间化合物合金进行激光表面合金化。制得了以γ-NiCrAl镍基固溶体为基体,以TiC及Cr7C3为增强相的复合材料表面改性层,分析了激光表面合金化改性层的组织,并测试了其在滑动磨损试验条件下的耐磨及高温抗氧化性能。试验结果表明,上述激光表面合金化层具有很高的硬度、较高的耐磨性及高温抗氧化性。     

TiAl合金激光表面合金化涂层的组织与耐磨性

以ＮｉＣｒ－ＷＣ混合料末为原料,对ＴｉＡｌ合金进行激光表面合金化处理,制得了以γ－ＮｉＣｒＡｌＴｉ镍基固溶体为基体,以ＴｉＣ,Ｗ２Ｃ及Ｍ２３Ｃ６为增强相的耐磨复合材料表面改性层。分析了改性层的组织,并测试了其在滑动摩擦试验条件下的耐磨性。实验结果表明,激光表面合金化涂层具有较高的硬度及较好的耐磨性。     

铸铝ZL109激光合金化层的组织和性能研究

采用１０ｋＷ连续横流ＣＯ２激光器在铸造铝硅合金基底上成功地制备了表面合金化（ＬＳＡ）改性层。通过ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ分析、显微硬度测试及耐磨性对比试验,研究了ＬＳＡ改性涂层的显微组织结构、相组成和改性效果。结果表明：合金化涂层由γＮｉ（Ｃｒ,Ｆｅ）基体相、Ｎｉ３Ａｌ相、Ｔ（Ａｌ,Ｆｅ,Ｓｉ）相、Ｃｒ／Ｂ相、Ｃｒ２３Ｃ６相等组成,改性层的平均显微硬度为３１０～３６０ＨＶ０．０１,是基底材料的３倍以上。在不同的测试负荷下,ＬＳＡ改性层的耐磨性均比基底材料有很大的提高,相对耐磨性达１０～１２倍。另外,结合表面磨损形貌分析了ＬＳＡ改性层的磨损机理     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.