负载纳米TiO2石英砂功能集料-水泥石的界面粘结性能

光催化水泥基材料是先进建筑功能材料的研究热点之一,但传统内掺法制备的TiO₂-水泥基复合材料中TiO₂有效利用率低、经济效益差。针对此问题,采用负载法制备纳米TiO₂功能集料（QST）,并将QST集料负载于普通水泥砂浆表面。研究QST集料对水泥砂浆干缩性能的影响,通过拉拔法测试QST集料与水泥石的界面粘结力;采用SEM、EDS、MIP等微观测试方法,研究纳米TiO₂对集料-水泥石界面过渡区水化产物、孔结构的影响。结果表明：与普通石英砂集料相比,表面负载纳米TiO₂的石英砂功能集料可减少水泥砂浆的干缩,提高集料-水泥石的界面粘结力。在QST集料-水泥石的界面过渡区,纳米TiO₂促进了水泥浆体的水化,减少了界面过渡区Ca(OH)₂的富集,细化并改善了界面过渡区的孔结构。     

聚丙烯酰胺改善流态固化处理效果的试验研究

为研究聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对流态固化土的改善作用，针对长江中下游河漫区广泛分布的软土，研究了PAM掺量、液固比、灰土比对流态固化土的影响，结果表明：PAM可以快速降低含水泥流态固化土的流动度、提高黏滞性，减缓水泥土前期的固化速度，且可用净流动度定量描述PAM对流态固化土流动性的改善效果。由此得出，不同初始液固比的流态水泥土在添加一定比例的PAM后其净流动度降低比例处于相同水平；针对液固比为70%~80%的软土，PAM掺量建议控制在0.02%~0.03%，使得流动度满足回填要求，现场施工效果较佳；同时PAM有效地提高了施工流程的自由度；在此基础上，获得了该土体动切力和流动度的关系，可以较好地拟合实测数据。     

Form and mechanism of sulfate attack on cement-based material made of limestone powder at low water-binder ratio under low temperature conditions

The development of strength and the form of attack of cement-based material made of limestone powder at low water-binder ratio under low-temperature sulfate environment were studied. The results indicate that when water-binder ratio is lower than 0.40, the cement-based material with limestone powder has insignificant change in appearance after being soaked in 10% magnesium sulfate solution at low temperature for 120 d, and has significant change in appearance after being soaked at the age of 200 d. Expansion damage and exfoliation occur on the surface of concrete test cube at different levels. When limestone powder accounts for about 28 percent of cementitious material, with the decrease of water-binder ratio, the compressive strength loss has gradually decreased after the material is soaked in the magnesium sulfate solution at low temperature at the age of 200 d. After the specimen with the water-binder ratio of less than 0.4 and the limestone powder volume of greater than 20% is soaked in 10% magnesium sulfate solution at low temperature at the age of 200 d, gypsum attack-led destruction is caused to the concrete test cube, without thaumasite sulfate attack.     

多尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的力学性能

为改善水泥基材料抗拉强度低、韧性差以及易开裂等性能缺陷,采用微米级碳酸钙晶须和厘米级短切耐碱玻璃纤维复合增强高性能水泥基材料,并对不同纤维增强水泥基材料的基本力学性能进行研究。结果表明：微观碳酸钙晶须和宏观耐碱玻璃纤维均有利于水泥基材料力学性能的提高,且提高程度与纤维（或晶须）掺量及长度相关;采用碳酸钙晶须和耐碱玻璃纤维复合增强水泥基材料,可分别在微、宏观结构层次上发挥两种纤维的增强优势,增强水泥基材料的抗折和劈拉强度比未增强时最多可分别提高约60%和80%。     

硅灰对水泥基材料热膨胀性能影响的研究

通过在水泥基材料中加入矿物掺合料硅灰,利用差示热膨胀测试方法对其热膨胀率进行了研究,结果表明:掺入硅灰的水泥石热膨胀率变化趋势与纯水泥石相似,均表现为随着温度的升高先增加后显著降低的规律,而硅灰的加入使水泥石在高温时产生比纯水泥石更大的收缩。借助于TG-DTA和XRD测试手段,对掺加硅灰后水泥石的热膨胀性能变化规律进行了机理分析,得出硅灰的掺入形成了大量C-S-H凝胶,高温作用下凝胶脱水使其体积明显收缩的结论。     

SFRC兼有阻裂作用的复合理论

分析了钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料（SFRC）纤维间距理论、复合理论存在的问题，将纤维阻裂与纤维复合增强看成是两种不同的作用，据此提出了SFRC兼有阻裂作用的复合理论。该理论不仅可以给出复合材料的初裂强度和极限强度，而且还能给出复合材料的应力－应变曲线。     

Effect of Waste Paper Fiber on Properties of Cementbased Mortar and Relative Mechanism

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of waste paper fiber on the properties of cement-based mortar and the relative mechanism. The cement-based mortars with various contents and mixing way of waste paper fibers were prepared and the slump flow, setting time and strength developments of all mortars were tested. Besides, Ca(OH)_2 content in hardened pastes at different ages and the microstructures of all mortar at 90 d were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results showed that in the process of mixing, more superplastizier was consumed to maintain the workability because of the absorption of water and superplastizer on waste paper fiber. With more waste paper fiber being added, longer setting time is available for the pastes with it because of the carbohydrate dissolving and its retarding to the cement hydration. Waste paper fiber is adverse to the early and later strength of cement-based mortar, but it increases the mortar strengths at 7 and 28 d. The strength, Ca(OH)_2 content and microstructure are related to the content and mixing way of waste paper fiber. Waste paper fiber helps produce the Ca(OH)_2 at 7 and 28 d, but this case is reverse at ages of 1 and 3 d. Overall, waste paper fiber leads to the appearance of more pores in the hardened paste. However, it increases the toughness of cement-based mortar.     

减缩剂对水泥基材料早期水化及收缩变形性能的影响

采用非接触式电阻率测定仪和半绝热实验方法分别研究了减缩剂对常温和半绝热条件下的水泥浆体早期水化的电阻率和温升的影响,对比研究了减缩剂对水泥砂浆在干燥条件和常温水中养护时的线性长度变化与强度发展情况的影响,应用五路裂缝测定仪研究了减缩剂在水泥砂浆中的抗裂效果.结果表明:在常温条件下减缩剂会延缓水泥早期水化,而在半绝热条件下则会加速水泥早期水化;减缩剂主要提高干燥环境下的水泥砂浆的抗裂性能,降低其线性收缩值与强度增长,推迟其约束收缩初始开裂时间,而对水中养护的砂浆无补偿收缩效应,因此不利于控制热裂缝.分析表明,减缩剂在水泥基材料中应用时不仅具有物理作用,而且具有化学作用.     

基于水膜厚度假设分析磨细高炉矿渣对水泥浆性能影响

为探索磨细高炉矿渣对水泥浆性能及其水膜厚度的影响,研究测量了30组不同水胶比、不同磨细高炉矿渣掺量的水泥–;矿渣复合浆体的流动性能、黏聚性和抗压强度.为探索浆体的流变性能控制机理,进一步测量了5组不同磨细高炉矿渣掺量水泥–;矿渣复合浆体的填充密度,并基于填充密度测量结果计算出各浆体试样配比的水膜厚度,探索水膜厚度对水泥–;矿渣复合浆体流变性能的影响.实验结果表明,适量磨细高炉矿渣的掺入能提高浆体的流动性能和抗压强度,黏聚性些许减弱,最优配比磨细高炉矿渣掺量为5%,此时水泥–;矿渣复合浆体综合性能最好.磨细高炉矿渣掺入能提高胶凝材料的填充密度,水膜厚度为流动性主要控制因素,水泥浆的流动性能随水膜厚度增大而增大.     

The flowability of ground powders and the comminuting mechanism of mills

The ground powders with the same particle size distribulion and the sanw mean particle diameter were prepared by five different types of mills. The flowability index (FI) and the particle shape indices, namely. Wadell‘s working sphericity ψw and circularity ψc , of five kinds of test powders were nwasured. The effect of the comminuting mechanisms on the flowability of ground powders was investigated, and the relationship between the flowability of ground powders and the partticle shape indices was analyzed. The experimental restdts show that the ground turn,tiers obtained by collision have irregular particle shapes and smooth surfaces, showing a high flowability. On the other hand, though the particle obtained by grinding is close to a spherical particle, but it has a rugged suttee, and shows a bad flowability. Furthermore, the flowability index is more corrdated with the circularity titan the working sphericity is. This means that the surface roughness is more effective, in determining the flowability of powders than the roundtwss is.     

In situ restoration of the surface defects on cement-based materials by bacteria mineralization with spraying method

Defects of cement-based materials can be restored by microbial carbonate precipitation, but in order to accelerate the completion of the mineralization process, previous studies all adopt the approach of immersion in bacterial liquid, which can not be applied for in situ repair. We investigated micro-environment, basophil-domestication of microorganism and effective absorption of micro-organisms by cement-based materials, and adopted spray technology to conduct in situ repairs on the defects on the surface of cement-based materials and enhance the repair process operability. Through microbial carbonate precipitation in the defects by spraying bacteria liquid, 100 μm thickness of calcium carbonate fi lm can be deposited on sample surface and in defects holes' microenvironment within 3 to 5 days. The capillary water absorption coeffi cient of specimen surface is 77% lower than the value before repair. The repairing effect is remarkable which makes it possible to conduct on-site repairs.     

几种不同原始硬度钢的喷丸强化行为与表征

材料硬度对喷丸强化具有很大的影响。目前表征喷丸强化常用的指标有显微硬度和X射线衍射半高宽,但从二指标出发会得出一些矛盾的结果。用X射线应力分析技术可以测得材料表面的应力,如此可得出表面屈服强度。通过改变热处理条件或化学成分得到的具有不同硬度材料的试验结果,喷丸强化处理可使软状态材料表面的半高宽值显著增大,同时也使其表面屈服强度有较大幅度的提高。喷丸使硬状态材料表面的半高宽大幅度减小,却使其表面屈服强度有不同程度的提高。对于中硬度表面,喷丸对半高宽影响不大,但使多数材料的表面屈服强度下降。这说明,用当前人们经常使用的半高宽参量来推断表面的强度可能得到错误的信息。表面屈服强度指标比通常应用的半高宽指标更能反映材料表面的力学特性。     

150 MPa超高强水泥基材料的研究

采用常规原材料和工业废渣，普通成型工艺，通过正交设计试验研究，配制出了抗压强度为150MPa的超高强水泥基材料，并给出了优选配比。超高强水泥基材料强度试验的极差和方差分析表明：水胶比为影响超高强水泥基材料强度的最显著因素，硅灰和不锈钢纤维渣的掺量以及胶砂比也有十分显著的影响。     

Influence of Water Content on Conductivity and Piezoresistivity of Cement-based Material with both Carbon Fiber and Carbon Black

The influence of water content on the conductivity and piezoresistivity of cement-based material with carbon fiber (CF) and carbon black (CB) was investigated. The piezoresistivity of cement-based material with both CF and CB was compared with that of cement-based material with CF only, and the changes in electrical resistivity of cement-based material with both CF and CB under static and loading conditions in different drying and soaking time were studied. It is found that the piezoresistivity of cement-ba...     

粉煤灰-脱硫石膏水泥基材料水化活性及微结构

采用DTA—TG、XRD、SEM以及宏观水化收缩和强度试验等手段研究了粉煤灰一脱硫石膏一水泥三元复合胶凝体系的水化过程、活性效应及微观结构等,根据试验结果总结了复合胶凝材料的水化动力学过程。结果表明,粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥石的钙矾石吸热峰强于基准样;在各组分相互活性激发和外掺激发剂作用下,粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥石中2次水化效应明显;SEM、XRD表明水泥石早期有明显的钙矾石生成,同时粉煤灰颗粒的表面侵蚀现象明显,进一步说明复合胶凝体系的早期活性得到有效激发,硬化后综合性能得到有效保证。且宏观收缩及强度试验也从侧面印证了微观试验结果。粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥基复合胶凝材料体系的研发可大量消耗燃煤电厂的工业废渣,具有显著的“绿色”效应。     

Rheological behaviors of fresh cement pastes with polycarboxylate superplasticizer

The rheologicalbehaviors of fresh cement paste with polycarboxylate superplasticizer were systematically investigated.Influentialfactors including superplasticizer to cement ratio(Sp/C),water to cement ratio(w/c),temperature,and time were discussed.Fresh cement pastes with Sp/Cs in the range of 0 to 2.0% and varied W/Cs from 0.25 to 0.5 were prepared and tested at 0,20 and 40 °C,respectively.Flowability and rheologicaltests on cement pastes were conducted to characterize the development of the rheologicalbehavior of fresh cement pastes over time.The exprimentalresults indicate that the initialflowability and flowability retention over shelf time increase with the growth in superplasticizer dosage due to the plasticizing effect and retardation effect of superplasticizer.Higher temperature usually leads to a sharper drop in initialflowability and flowability retention.However,for the cement paste with high Sp/C or w/c,the flowability is slightly affected by temperature.Yield stress and plastic viscosity show similar variation trends to the flowability under the abovementioned influentialfactors at low Sp/C.In the case of high Sp/C,yield stress and plastic viscosity start to decline over shelf time and the decreasing rate descends at elevated temperature.Moreover,two equations to roughly predict yield stress and plastic viscosity of the fresh cement pastes incorporating Sp/C,w/c,temperature and time are developed on the basis of the existing models,in which experimentalconstants can be extracted from a database created by the rheologicaltest results.     

超临界碳化对水泥基材料性能和孔径结构的影响

为了考察超临界碳化技术在水泥基材料改性方面的应用,研究超临界碳化对水泥基材料微观和宏观性能的影响,基于此设计了超临界二氧化碳碳化试验研究水泥砂浆、水泥净浆和混凝土试件的碳化深度、强度、孔径分布以及二氧化碳吸收量的变化。试验分析表明,超临界碳化可以快速实现水泥基材料的碳化,大幅提高试件强度,改善材料的孔径分布,使材料的中细径孔大幅降低,提高材料的抗渗透能力,为改善重金属等危害废物的水泥基固化效果提供了依据。同时超临界碳化可以将大量二氧化碳转化在碳酸钙中沉淀吸收,具有重要的环境保护意义。     

水泥基材料中高效减水剂应用效果的检测方法

采用水泥浆体流动度、混凝土减水率、坍落度及强度增长率等指标确定了2种萘系高效减水剂的掺量，研究了二者在此掺量下对相同配比砂浆的流动度及经时损失、开裂敏感性及干湿变形的影响。结果表明：与水泥适应性均较好的2种萘系高效减水剂在各自掺量下，所配制的砂浆具有相同的初始流动度及流动度经时损失变化，但其初始开裂时间与干湿变形却存在差异，说明在评价高效减水剂的应用效果时除了检测与水泥的相容性外还应考虑其对水泥基材料收缩变形性能的影响；不同外加剂对水泥基材料体系碱度的适应能力不同，较高的碱度会增加材料的开裂敏感性。     

煅烧对微硅粉性能的影响

采用同步热分析法、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、比表面积和白度等测试手段对煅烧前后的微硅粉样品进行了分析.实验结果表明:在600℃、4 h煅烧时微硅粉的除碳效果最佳,煅烧后样品中碳的质量分数由1.96%下降到0.65%;样品主要成分二氧化硅晶体结构并未变化,仍旧为非晶态,煅烧后仍出现了碳化硅的特征峰,表明煅烧去除的主要为游离碳;微观形貌分析表明,煅烧后样品微观颗粒粒径在长大,片状物质的含量却明显减少,但是组成颗粒的一次粒子长大并不明显;比表面积测试表明煅烧前后比表面积变化不大,但白度由31.04提高到70.14.     

Preparation and performance of geopolymers

The influence of each factor on the reaction of geopolymers material was investigated by using the orthogonal experimental design method, which got the optimal condition of reaction. Based on this results the performances of geopolymers were investigated. The results are as follows： （1） The effect of each factor on the compressive strength of geopolymers was different; （2） For paste the optimal condition of reaction is that the modulus and the concentration of sodium silicate solution are 1.2 and 40%, the calcined temperature and calcined time of kaolin are 800 ℃ and 2 h, and the liquid-solid ratio is 1.25; （3） When the pH value of solution is higher than l, the compressive strength of Geopolymers will not decrease as that in the water; （4） As the calcined temperature of samples were lower than 700 ℃ the heat-resistant of geopolymers was good;（5） Geopolymers is unlikely to react with the active aggregate.