基于网格寻优算法的太阳能供暖系统匹配优化

传统太阳能供暖系统设计方法可根据建筑能耗计算出系统设备参数,但无法对太阳能供暖系统进行匹配优化。该文提出一种太阳能供暖系统优化设计方法,以系统年净收益为优化目标,根据太阳能供暖系统能量平衡方程等约束条件,利用网格寻优方法对集热面积和蓄热容量进行优化匹配,并使用TRNSYS软件对模型进行验证。以拉萨地区典型民居为研究案例分析太阳能供暖系统的经济性能。结果表明,该优化方法可对太阳能供暖系统设备参数进行优化,获得最大系统年均净收益;在太阳能保证率一定时,存在一个集热面积和蓄热容量配比,使得系统年均净收益最大。     

基于ANFIS的太阳能-空气源热泵供暖系统温度控制研究

针对太阳能-空气源热泵供暖系统运行环境复杂多变,模糊控制器的设计高度依赖人工经验的问题,提出一种基于自适应神经模糊推理系统（ANFIS）改进的模糊控制方法。该方法利用ANFIS在复杂系统建模中的优势,结合供暖系统温度响应特性和实际运行数据,建立联合供暖系统变工况ANFIS模型,生成与系统性能适配的模糊规则库并传递给模糊控制器执行。Matlab/Simulink仿真对比试验表明,与单一的模糊控制相比,该方法的控制精度提高了17.65%,调节时间缩短了36.4%,具有更高的控制精度和响应速度。     

北方农村中小学供暖方案选择

分析农村中小学供暖现状,提出几种适用于北方农村中小学的太阳能与辅助热源一体化供暖系统形式.以济南农村某小学为例,对太阳能与碳晶电热板复合供暖系统、太阳能与空气源热泵复合供暖系统、太阳能与地源热泵复合供暖系统及太阳能与沼气燃气锅炉复合供暖系统4种供暖方案的能耗、系统造价和系统运行费用进行研究.研究结果表明:对于该小学来说,太阳能与空气源热泵复合供暖系统长期运行较经济.     

基于粒子群算法的空气源热泵供暖系统运行优化研究北大核心CSCD

为研究空气源热泵供暖系统节能运行控制策略,文章基于空气源热泵机组及循环水泵的运行特性,建立了空气源热泵供暖系统运行模型,通过TRNSYS建立目标建筑供暖系统仿真模拟及寻优平台,采用粒子群算法对热泵出水温度、水泵频率这对相互耦合的变量进行寻优,在保证室内热舒适的前提下,以供暖系统整体能耗最低为目标,得到在不同环境参数时的系统最佳运行参数。通过实例模拟结果表明:与原有运行策略相比,系统采用优化后的参数运行可减少10.6%的能源消耗,系统综合能效比(COP)提高9.0%。该优化控制策略可有效提高系统性能,降低能源消耗。     

太阳能与空气源热泵复合式供暖系统在西安地区的应用特性分析及评价

以西安地区的某个房间为研究对象,采用TRNSYS软件针对该房间分别应用太阳能集热系统、空气源热泵系统及太阳能与空气源热泵复合式供暖系统进行供暖时的情况进行了分析。首先,建立了太阳能与空气源热泵复合式供暖系统的仿真模型,并对其正确性进行了实验验证;其次,对比分析了在3种运行模式下各个系统的运行特性;最后,以系统能耗及能效比(COP)等参数为指标,对太阳能与空气源热泵复合式供暖系统的性能进行了评价。结果表明:在整个供暖期内,太阳能与空气源热泵复合式供暖系统的总能耗为284.61kWh,其中,空气源热泵消耗的电能为264.10kWh;该复合式供暖系统的太阳能保证率为30.71%,平均COPc-sys为3.04,比单独采用空气源热泵系统进行供暖时的平均COPhp-sys提高了0.33,这表明太阳能与空气源热泵复合式供暖系统在西安地区具有较好的节能优势。这一研究结果为太阳能与空气源热泵复合式供暖系统在西安地区的应用及优化奠定了理论基础,对其推广应用具有重要意义。     

基于多目标模糊层次分析法的厂级负荷分配研究

文中以电厂节能减排为先导,结合目前国内600MW主流机组为研究对象,建立了基于经济性、快速性、环保性的多目标厂级负荷优化分配数学模型。结合现场数据获得了机组煤耗率与大气污染物排放特性曲线,进而利用模糊决策理论与模糊层次分析法进行多目标问题的建模。在此基础之上,以动态规划方法作为优化算法,借助MATLAB软件对多目标优化模型进行了算例仿真,并且对仅以最小煤耗率为目标的单目标优化方案与多目标优化方案进行了对比分析。仿真结果表明:采用模糊层次分析法的多目标优化方案在经济性与环保性方面优于单目标优化方案。     

晋北地区村镇住宅建筑供暖系统优化及经济性研究

以晋北地区某村镇住宅建筑为例，对太阳能与电锅炉供暖系统进行设计方案优化及经济性研究。根据晋北地区气候特征，分析村镇住宅建筑负荷特性；采用模拟研究方法，分别对太阳能系统供暖、电锅炉系统供暖以及太阳能与电锅炉耦合系统供暖进行建筑能耗模拟；针对面积为60 m²、100 m²、200 m²村镇住宅建筑，考虑不同热源承担的建筑负荷比例、供热系统初投资及运行费用，优化不同面积村镇建筑的供暖模式以及不同热源承担的负荷占比。结果显示：太阳能系统初期投资高，电锅炉系统运行费用高。长期运行时，太阳能供暖系统的经济性优于电锅炉供暖系统。太阳能供暖系统与电锅炉供暖系统单独运行时，太阳能供暖系统不能很好地满足供暖条件，而电锅炉供暖系统运行费用较高；太阳能+电锅炉供暖系统的太阳能和电锅炉的供暖占比分别为50%时，前期投资和系统运行费用比较经济。     

基于层次分析和模糊原理的燃油锅炉状态评估系统的研究

基于层次分析法和模糊综合评价理论,结合炼油厂用于发电的锅炉在运行时的工艺与特点,首先依据递阶层次结构给出了评价燃油锅炉状态的主要指标体系,然后将层次分析法中的1～9的比例标度法和判断矩阵与模糊原理相结合,给出了一套基于层次分析法和模糊理论的综合指标评价方法,并用Visual Basic语言编制了使用软件系统.最后的仿真评价实例说明此方法和编制的软件避免了传统评价方法的主观随意性,评价结果合理.     

太阳能-地热复合供热系统设计优化与运行特性分析

针对济南市某住宅小区搭建太阳能-地热复合供热系统仿真模型，探究系统的最佳设计参数和运行策略。太阳能集热器布置面积对复合供热系统运行性能影响显著，布置面积达小区住宅楼屋顶总面积的40%时，地埋管平均出口温度为14.70℃，可以实现供暖系统的长期稳定运行。由于复合系统偏重于非供暖季蓄热工况，其最佳倾角范围为20°～30°。与同时加热地埋管出水和低温尾水以及只加热地埋管出水的运行模式相比，太阳能只加热系统低温尾水进行联合供热的串联运行模式表现最为优异，地埋管出水温度最大提升2.60℃和4.65℃。     

太阳能联合城市燃气锅炉供暖系统的节能设计优化

研究太阳能联合城市燃气锅炉供暖系统的节能设计优化方案。设计集太阳能集热器、蓄热水箱、换热器、水泵、燃气锅炉等重要设备于一体的联合供暖系统，分析串联供暖与并联供暖组合方式，以及适用于联合供暖组合的太阳能单独供暖、同时供暖、燃气锅炉单独供暖三种供暖模式，采用TRNSYS构建串联供暖系统与并联供暖系统模型，对串联供暖系统与并联供暖系统节能设计进行比选，并从运行经济性角度出发优化联合供暖系统容量匹配节能设计。串联供暖系统节能设计比并联供暖系统节能设计的太阳能保证率高、系统性能好、系统能耗低。     

基于模糊层次分析法的制冷剂选择

制冷剂选择是复叠式热泵研究的一个重要方向。在分析模糊、灰色关联在制冷空调领域应用及复叠式热泵制冷剂选择研究现状基础上,采用模糊层次分析法构建了包括安全性、热力性能、环保性能、成本和热物性5个方面共27个指标组成的制冷剂评价指标体系,建立制冷剂性能综合评价模型,利用该模型在47种纯工质范围内为复叠式热泵选择合适的工质。结果表明,综合性能较好的制冷剂组合为R134a/R601a、R134a/R601、R1234yf/R236ea等。     

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of indirect expansion solar-assisted multi-functional heat pump

A novel indirect expansion solar-assisted multi-functional heat pump (IX-SAMHP) system which composes of the multi-functional heat pump system and solar thermal collecting system is proposed and studied in this paper. This system can fulfill space heating, space cooling and water heating with high energy efficiency by utilizing solar energy. For solar water heating mode and solar space heating mode, a dynamic model is presented and validated with the experimental results. The simulation results show good consistency with the experimental data, and the established model is able to predict the system performance at a reasonable accuracy (with the root mean square deviations less than 5%). On this basis, the performances of the IX-SAMHP system are investigated under different parametric conditions. For solar water heating mode, simultaneously operating the solar thermal collecting system and multi-functional heat pump system can be an energy efficiency method. With the solar irradiation rising from 0W/m² to 800W/m², the COP increases from 2.35 to 2.57. In solar space heating mode, the effect of the mass flow rate of water in evaporator is investigated. To balance the heating capacity and COP, the mass flow rate of water should be adjusted according to different temperature demands and heat load.     

Performance of a solar air composite heat source heat pump system

For the shortcoming of air source heat pump in heating condition, a composite heat exchanger was designed which integrates fin tube and tube heat exchanger, and it can achieve synchronous and composite heat exchange in one heat exchanger between working fluids, gaseous and liquid heat source. With the above composite heat exchanger as the core component, the Solar Air Composite Heat Source Heat Pump System (SACHP) was developed which has three working modes, including single solar heat source mode, single air heat source mode and solar air dual heat sources mode. A SACHP experiment table was established and conducted a comprehensive experimental study of three working modes of this system in the standard enthalpy difference laboratory. The results show that when the ambient temperature was −15 °C, compared to the single air heat source mode, the dual heat source mode increased 62% in heat capacity and 59% in COP; when the temperature difference of combined heat transfer was 5 °C, compared to the single air heat source mode, the dual heat source mode increased 51% in heat capacity and 49% in COP. Experimental results demonstrate that the application of the solar air composite heat pump technology can accelerate the application process of the solar heat pump in air conditioners for buildings.     

广东地区太阳能-空气源热泵复合系统供暖供生活热水实验研究

构建了一种太阳能-空气源热泵复合供热系统,在广东地区冬季的晴天和全阴天进行供暖供生活热水实验测试。针对办公建筑供暖供生活热水需求,定时间段供生活热水同时进行供暖实验。实验结果表明:晴天热泵相较于全阴天工况节电1.16 kW·h,供热效果优于全阴天工况,太阳能-空气源热泵复合供热性能相较于单独的空气源热泵更有显著优势;太阳能-空气源热泵复合系统供暖供生活热水期间,复合系统COP_(sys)平均值为4.71、波动范围在4.20～5.38,空气源热泵系统COP_(hp)平均值为4.60、波动范围在4.08～5.10。     

小型太阳能热泵地板供暖系统的优化研究

建立了太阳能热泵地板供暖系统的能量分析、可用能分析数学模型,模拟了上海供暖期的气候条件,给出了系统各部件的可用能损失情况。着重从太阳能集热器并联的组数出发对系统进行了优化研究,并给出了系统供暖性能系数和可用能效率,为该系统的设计及应用提供参考。     

Performance optimization and analysis of solar combi-system with carbon dioxide heat pump

In this paper, a solar combi-system which consists of solar collectors and a carbon dioxide heat pump is proposed and investigated through simulation and optimization. Performance analysis and comparison are primarily conducted to show the feasibility and reasonability of using a CO₂ heat pump as an auxiliary heater under local weather conditions. Then, a system model with a test building in TRNSYS is developed for performance optimization. The most influential variables are identified using influence and sensitivity analyzes of single parameters. Subsequently, a multi-parameter optimization using the high-weight parameters is carried out to obtain a final design result. The simulated results of the optimized case show that the average coefficient of performance of the CO₂ heat pump is 2.38, and the solar fraction of the system is 69.0% for the entire heating season. The time when a comfortable temperature level can be achieved in the indoor environment accounts for 81.6% of the entire heating season. Furthermore, the performance characteristics of the proposed system are evaluated in terms of the thermal balance, fraction of the thermal energy saving, feasibility of net zero energy, economic factor, and CO₂ emissions reduction.     

Optimization of a community solar heating system with a heat pump and seasonal storage

The optimization of a district solar heating system with an electric-driven heat pump and seasonal heat storage is discussed. The optimization process comprises thermal, economic and system control analyses. Thermal and economic optima have been derived for collector area and storage volume simultaneously. The effects of different collector types and building loads are also investigated. Summertime charging of the storage by off-peak electricity has been applied to avoid severe peaking of auxiliary in the winter and to reduce the yearly energy cost. The thermal co-storage of electric energy is emphasized with systems which fail to supply heat for the heat pump during the winter heating season.‡ It has been found that system cost-effectiveness is only slightly affected as storage volume is increased beyond the optimum size. Large variations in the optima for different system configurations were found. The minimum cost of heat supplied in an optimal 500-unit community with 90% solar fraction was estimated at 8.9 ¢ kWh⁻¹.     

基于层次分析法和模糊综合评价的水工钢闸门安全评估

鉴于水工钢闸门的安全状态评价需要考虑闸门运行情况、腐蚀情况、强度、刚度、动态性能等多方面的因素,提出了基于层次分析法和模糊综合评价的水工钢闸门安全评估方法。首先构建了水工钢闸门评估体系层次结构,然后根据层次分析法定性和定量确定了各影响因素的权重,最后建立了模糊综合评价模型对某水利工程水工钢闸门的安全状态进行了全面评价,评价结果为二类等级,比较准确地反映了闸门的实际安全状态。     

Modeling and optimization of a solar assisted heat pump using ice slurry as a latent storage material

This paper presents the modeling and optimization of a solar assisted heat pump using ice slurry. Solar collectors are used as the primary source of thermal energy, with two distinct loops allowing the collectors to operate in series with an ice tank, or a warm water tank. Thermal energy stored in the ice tank is transferred to a warm water distribution tank via a heat pump. First, a new mathematical model of an ice slurry storage tank is presented. Validation of the model with experimental data confirms its ability to predict the ice mass and tank fluid temperatures during the charging and discharging modes of operation. The developed ice tank model is combined with the TRNSYS energy simulation program to formulate a complete model of the proposed heat pump system. This computer model then serves as a base for a mathematical optimization with the objective to minimize the energy use for heating and DHW over a single heating season. Simulated results demonstrate the potential of the optimized system in reducing the heating operating energy use of a high performance home in Montreal, QC.