两种典型集成方式下太阳能辅助燃煤机组发电系统热性能对比分析

基于热力学第一定律和质量守恒定律,建立槽式太阳能辅助燃煤发电系统模型。并针对槽式太阳能辅助燃煤机组回热系统最常见的两种集成方式,以槽式太阳能辅助某330 MW亚临界燃煤机组为研究对象,基于典型年气象数据及原燃煤机组年实际负荷,对这两种集成互补方案进行分析比较,并在此基础上,定量分析蓄热对互补发电系统年性能的影响。结果表明:串联集成方式在运行调节及系统控制方面更易实施,但并联集成互补系统具有更好的热经济性;此外,蓄热能大幅减小太阳能间歇性造成的集热子系统输出波动,且对于有条件设置较大集热面积的互补系统,加入蓄热可使其获得更好的经济性。     

太阳能化学蓄热及其近展

太阳能热利用系统可分为三大部分:集热、蓄热和供热,如图1所示。其中,供热部分在技术上已不存在问题。对于太阳能利用的研究,开始集中于集热装置,而开展蓄热部分的研究相对较晚。目前看来,     

基于插栓流模型的太阳能供热系统的研究

采用蓄热水箱的多节点模型,对典型太阳能供热系统进行全年逐时模拟计算.计算数据表明,相比于完全混合的蓄热水箱,水箱温度分层可较大幅度提高太阳能集热器的平均效率和太阳能保证率.同时还分析了不同集热器类型、供水温度、供回水温差等条件下.蓄热水箱温度分层对太阳供热系统性能提高程度的影响.     

基于TRNSYS的蓄热水箱加热功率分层量化性能仿真分析

蓄热水箱是太阳能集热系统中的一个重要组成部分,蓄热水箱的蓄热能力直接影响整个太阳能供热系统的效用.本研究以上海地区为背景,以TRNSYS为平台搭建盘管浸没式蓄热水箱仿真系统,建立系统中的主要元件平板型集热器、蓄热水箱的数学模型,提出一种计算分层蓄热水箱所需要的辅助加热源功率的计算方法,从而更加精确量化蓄热水箱内部每层所...     

太阳能供暖二级水箱变容积蓄热系统能量及?分析

太阳能供暖系统中的固定容积单水箱蓄热系统,在太阳能波动供给和建筑热负荷波动需求之间存在不匹配及灵活性不足的问题.为更高效地利用太阳能,本文对二级水箱温度分层变容积蓄热太阳能供暖系统建立了MATLAB数学模型,包括集热循环、充热循环、取热循环和供热循环四部分及相应的控制策略,并运用Trnsys进行了模型验证.提出了在某时...     

新型相变蓄热式太阳能集热管及热性能研究

结合太阳能真空集热管和相变蓄热材料的特点,提出了一种集热/蓄热一体化的新型相变蓄热式太阳能集热管,该集热管主要由金属-玻璃真空集热管、螺旋换热管和相变蓄热材料组成。通过室外蓄放热性能实验进行性能测试,结果表明:该新型相变蓄热式太阳能集热管集热效果良好,集热温度可达80℃以上,可很好地应用于热水供暖领域;以石蜡为相变蓄热材料,单根集热管的蓄热量可达3.25 MJ;放热过程中,有效得热量为873.6 kJ,放热损耗率为0.602;在保温性能上,温降率达1.67℃/h,保温性能待进一步提高。     

太阳能光热与光电/光热系统在中国不同建筑气候带下的性能研究

文章利用TRNSYS动态模拟软件研究了在我国不同建筑气候带条件下,不同类型的太阳能PV/T集热系统和普通太阳能PT集热系统的各项性能。其中,太阳能PV/T集热系统分为基于普通玻璃型太阳能PV/T集热系统和基于Low-e型太阳能PV/T集热系统。文章探究了基于普通玻璃型太阳能PV/T集热系统和基于Low-e型太阳能PV/T集热系统的电、热性能,分析了这两种太阳能PV/T集热器的光电转化效率,以及这两种太阳能PV/T集热系统和普通太阳能PT集热系统的光热转化效率、太阳能贡献率、一次能源节约率、供热节能率和环境效益等参数。分析结果表明:普通太阳能PT集热系统的吸热量、太阳能贡献率、供热节能率和CO₂减排量均高于太阳能PV/T集热系统;与基于普通玻璃型太阳能PV/T集热系统相比,基于Low-e型太阳能PV/T集热系统的发电量降低了3.77%,但热效率、太阳能贡献率、一次能源节约率、供热节能率和环境友好度均较高。     

基于网格寻优算法的太阳能供暖系统匹配优化

传统太阳能供暖系统设计方法可根据建筑能耗计算出系统设备参数,但无法对太阳能供暖系统进行匹配优化。该文提出一种太阳能供暖系统优化设计方法,以系统年净收益为优化目标,根据太阳能供暖系统能量平衡方程等约束条件,利用网格寻优方法对集热面积和蓄热容量进行优化匹配,并使用TRNSYS软件对模型进行验证。以拉萨地区典型民居为研究案例分析太阳能供暖系统的经济性能。结果表明,该优化方法可对太阳能供暖系统设备参数进行优化,获得最大系统年均净收益;在太阳能保证率一定时,存在一个集热面积和蓄热容量配比,使得系统年均净收益最大。     

低谷电蓄热和太阳能结合的供热控制系统设计与实现

设计一种低谷电蓄热为主、太阳能集热为辅的供热系统。通过PLC为核心的控制系统,对系统各部分温度及部件工作状态监测结果和预设参数进行对比,控制调节蓄热装置、循环泵、电磁阀等实现供热温度控制,为用户提供更经济的供热方案。     

太阳能集热系统过热影响因素分析

通过分析太阳能供热系统集热、蓄热和用热各个子系统的动态热量热平衡关系,建立太阳能集热系统热量传递数学模型,并结合集热系统内部流体过热汽化原理,提出集热系统过热度评价指标,并对集热系统在不同流量、水箱容积以及不同连接方式等条件下的过热程度进行分析计算。结果表明,集热系统过热度随热媒流量、集热器倾角和水箱容积取值的增大而减小,并通过对上述3种因素进行敏感性分析得到集热器倾角对系统过热度的影响最大。     

Solar multi-mode heating system based on latent heat thermal energy storage and its application

为克服太阳能间断性和不稳定性的缺点进而实现太阳能集热与采暖的能量供需调节和全天候连续供热,提出了基于相变储热的太阳能多模式采暖方法（太阳能集热直接采暖、太阳能集热采暖+相变储热、太阳能相变储热采暖）,并在西藏林芝市某建筑搭建了太阳能与相变储热相结合的采暖系统,该系统可根据太阳能集热温度和外界供热需求实现太阳能多模式采暖的自动控制和自动运行。实验研究表明：在西藏地区采用真空管太阳能集热器可以和中低温相变储热器很好地结合,白天储热器在储热过程中平均储热功率为10.63 kW,储热量达到92.67 kW·h,相变平台明显;晚上储热器在放热过程中供热量达85.23 kW·h,放热功率和放热温度平稳,储放热效率达92%,其储热密度是传统水箱的3.6倍,可连续供热时间长达10 h,从而实现了基于相变储热的太阳能全天候连续供热,相关研究结果对我国西藏地区实施太阳能采暖具有一定的指导作用。     

Latent heat storage for solar energy systems: Transient simulation of refrigerant storage

This paper presents a brief review of the available latent heat storage systems for solar energy utilization. A new concept of latent heat storage of solar energy via the refrigerant-absorbent mass storage in absorption cycle heat pump systems used for solar space heating/cooling has been proposed and assessed thermodynamically. A computer modelling and numerical simulation study shows that the concept of refrigerant storage is fundamentally sound, technically feasible and yields the following advantages over other storage methods: (i) the storage capacity per unit volume is high as the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant is high; (ii) the heat loss from the storage to the surroundings is minimum as the storage temperature is near the ambient; (iii) prolonged energy storage is possible with no degradation in system performance and hence suitable for combined solar heating and airconditioning. The effects of operating parameters on the energy storage concentration and storage efficiency have been studied in detail.     

Performance analysis of a latent heat storage system with phase change material for new designed solar collectors in greenhouse heating

The continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions and the rise in fuel prices are the main driving forces behind the efforts for more effectively utilize various sources of renewable energy. In many parts of the world, direct solar radiation is considered to be one of the most prospective sources of energy. In this study, the thermal performance of a phase change thermal storage unit is analyzed and discussed. The storage unit is a component of ten pieced solar air collectors heating system being developed for space heating of a greenhouse and charging of PCM. CaCl₂6H₂O was used as PCM in thermal energy storage with a melting temperature of 29 °C. Hot air delivered by ten pieced solar air collector is passed through the PCM to charge the storage unit. The stored heat is utilized to heat ambient air before being admitted to a greenhouse. This study is based on experimental results of the PCM employed to analyze the transient thermal behavior of the storage unit during the charge and discharge periods. The proposed size of collectors integrated PCM provided about 18–23% of total daily thermal energy requirements of the greenhouse for 3–4 h, in comparison with the conventional heating device.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on solar parabolic trough collector integrated with thermal energy storage unit

Solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) is the best recognized and commercial‐industrial‐scale, high temperature generation technology available today, and studies to assess its performance will add further impetus in improving these systems. The present work deals with numerical and experimental investigations to study the performance of a small‐scale solar PTC integrated with thermal energy storage system. Aperture area of PTC is 7.5 m², and capacity of thermal energy storage is 60 L. Paraffin has been used as phase change material and water as heat transfer fluid, which also acts as sensible heat storage medium. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of mass flow rate on useful heat gain, thermal efficiency and energy collected/stored. A numerical model has been developed for the receiver/heat collecting element (HCE) based on one dimensional heat transfer equations to study temperature distribution, heat fluxes and thermal losses. Partial differential equations (PDE) obtained from mass and energy balance across HCE are discretized for transient conditions and solved for real time solar flux density values and other physical conditions of the present system. Convective and radiative heat transfers occurring in the HCE are also accounted in this study. Performance parameters obtained from this model are compared with experimental results, and it is found that agreement is good within 10% deviations. These deviations could be due to variations in incident solar radiation fed as input to the numerical model. System thermal efficiency is mainly influenced by heat gain and solar flux density whereas thermal loss is significantly influenced by concentrated solar radiation, receiver tube temperature and heat gained by heat transfer fluid. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

太阳能相变蓄热应用于吸收式制冷的分析

介绍了一种将太阳能相变蓄热技术应用于两级吸收式制冷的新型空调系统,简要分析了该系统的装置结构、工作原理和使用优点。对相变蓄热装置放热过程中放热盘管出水温度随放热时间的变化关系进行了实验测量,并对两级吸收式制冷系统效率进行了分析。通过研究可知,该太阳能空调系统有效解决了以往系统不稳定性和间断性问题;太阳能相变蓄热装置具有体积小、蓄热量大、放热速率大、连续放热温度均匀、便于控制热源加热温度等特点,适合储存太阳能并为吸收式制冷系统提供加热热源。综合考虑系统设备简单,加工要求低的制造特点,所以吸收式制冷以太阳能等低品位热源驱动有着良好的发展前景。     

Experimental investigation of thermal performance of a solar assisted heat pump system with an energy storage

An experimental solar assisted heat pump space heating system with a daily energy storage tank is designed and constructed, and its thermal performance is investigated. The heating system basically consists of flat plate solar collectors, a heat pump, a cylindrical storage tank, measuring units, and a heating room located in Gaziantep, Turkey (37.1°N). All measurements are automatically collected as a function of time by means of a measurement chain feeding to a data logger in combination with a PC. Hourly and daily variations of solar radiation, collector performance, coefficient of performance of the heat pump (COP_HP), and that of the overall system (COP_S) are calculated to evaluate the system performance. The effects of climatic conditions and certain operating parameters on the system performance parameters are investigated. COP_HP is about 2.5 for a lower storage temperature at the end of a cloudy day and it is about 3.5 for a higher storage temperature at the end of a sunny day, and it fluctuates between these values in other times. Also, COP_S turns out to be about 15–20% lower than COP_HP. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种可蓄热太阳能睡床结构及性能分析

介绍了一种兼具蓄热与散热两种状态的太阳能供暖用睡床。该睡床的下部为蓄热水箱，可从太阳能集热板获取热量供给睡床。研究了基于该睡床的供暖系统在北京地区的应用情况，并分析了不同状态下床板上表面的散热量与被褥内的温度。结果表明：在全天散热状态下，典型年供暖季集热器效率为37.7 %，复合型睡床的有效供热量为4 390.2 MJ，太阳能保证率为80.7 %；在白天保温−夜间散热下，集热器效率为33.1 %，复合型睡床的有效供热量为4 441.1 MJ，太阳能保证率为81.8 %。     

Energy and exergy analysis of a new solar air heater with latent storage energy

In this paper, we propose a new solar air heater with a packed-bed latent storage energy system using PCM spherical capsules. At daytime, the solar heating system stored the thermal solar energy as sensible and latent heat, however, at night it restored. Some parameters, such as the global solar radiation and the mass flow rate are varied to investigate their effect on the absorbed, used, and recovered heat from the system. An optimization study using the first and second laws of thermodynamics is also carried out to obtain the energy and exergy efficiencies. The experimental study was conducted, designed, and realized in the Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn) in Tunisia. The experimentally obtained results are used to analyze the performance of the system, based on temperature distribution in different parts of the collectors, absorbed, instantaneous stored and used thermal energy. The daily energy efficiency varied between 32% and 45%. While the daily exergy efficiency varied between 13% and 25%. The effect of the mass flow rate of air on the outlet temperature of the solar air heater is examined.     

Investigation of a combined solar–heat pump system for residential heating. Part 1: experimental results

In order to investigate the performance of the combined solar–heat pump system with energy storage in encapsulated phase change material (PCM) packings for residential heating in Trabzon, Turkey, an experimental set‐up was constructed. The experimental results were obtained from November to May during the heating season for two heating systems. These systems are a series of heat pump system, and a parallel heat pump system. The experimentally obtained results are used to calculate the heat pump coefficient of performance (COP), seasonal heating performance, the fraction of annual load meet by free energy, storage and collector efficiencies and total energy consumption of the systems during the heating season. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Integrated solar collector–storage tank system with thermal diode

Water heating by utilizing solar energy for domestic use is a well established technique. However, most systems consist of the solar collector and storage tank as separate units and require piping and extra thermal insulation for both. This work considers an integrated system, which is easy to manufacture or to modify the storage tank to operate as a solar collector as well as a storage tank. The system contains a thermal diode to prevent reverse circulation at night-time. A prototype is constructed and a mathematical model is developed to study the thermal performance of the integrated system. It is found that the thermal efficiency of the suggested system is comparable with conventional systems. Also, simulation indicated that the thermal diode significantly reduces heat losses at night-time.