SAF2205/16MnR双相不锈钢复合板焊接接头的组织与性能

对SAF2205/16MnR双相不锈钢复合板进行了焊接,基层采用手工电弧焊,以E5015焊条为填充材料,过渡层及覆层采用钨极氩弧焊,以ER2209焊丝为填充材料;对焊接接头进行了拉伸试验,利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜及X射线衍射仪等分析了接头过渡层焊缝及其熔合区域的显微组织及物相组成.结果表明:焊接接头的抗拉强度为512 MPa;覆层母材/热影响区/过渡层焊缝之间的显微组织过渡缓和,且铁素体和奥氏体相的比例均在控制范围内;异种金属熔合界面未出现明显的合金元素短程扩散,且在焊缝金属中未发现有M23C6和σ等脆性相析出;所得接头具有良好的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能.     

12Cr2Mo1R钢焊条电弧焊焊接接头的性能

采用焊条电弧焊工艺用奥氏体A302焊条对12Cr2Mo1R钢进行焊接,焊后对焊接接头进行425℃保温370h的热处理;对焊接接头进行了显微组织观察、能谱分析、物相测定和高温拉伸、冲击试验。结果表明:焊缝区组织为奥氏体、δ铁素体和少量碳化物;焊接接头高温拉伸屈服强度比母材的大,焊缝区的冲击功比母材的低;在焊缝区产生了少量脆性碳化物(M23C6型)和铁-铬新相,造成焊缝区的脆性比母材的增大。     

VM12与奥氏体异种钢焊接接头组织和力学性能研究

采用热丝TIG焊分别对VM12/S30432和VM12/HR3C进行焊接工艺试验。对异种钢焊接接头进行拉伸、弯曲和硬度试验,并利用光学显微镜分析了焊接接头的微观组织。结果表明:两种异种钢焊接接头的延展性能良好,焊接接头力学性能和硬度值均在理想范围内。两类焊接接头焊缝及母材组织均为正常组织,热影响区及母材未出现δ铁素体等高温组织,焊缝与母材间界面清晰。焊接接头焊缝组织致密,呈典型的树枝晶结构,且枝干的位向较为一致,近似柱状晶生长形态。     

大厚度TC4钛合金铸件钨极惰性气体保护焊的最优工艺确定及其接头力学性能

选用连续施焊、焊层冷至室温后再焊接下一层、焊道冷至室温后再焊接下一道3种层间温度控制方案和730,600℃2种焊后退火温度,通过显微组织、拉伸性能和疲劳性能确定了大厚度TC4钛合金铸造板钨极惰性气体保护焊(GTAW)的最优工艺,并研究了最优工艺下焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明：焊层冷至室温后再焊接下一层得到的焊接接头焊缝组织最为细小,疲劳寿命最高,在730℃下退火后的焊接接头拉伸性能更好,故确定为最优工艺;最优工艺下,GTAW接头的焊缝硬度略高于母材,属于高匹配接头,在拉伸和疲劳过程中接头均在母材处发生断裂,但焊缝的抗疲劳开裂能力低于母材。     

铜钢接头手工电弧焊工艺方法探讨

本文采用钢焊条手工电弧焊焊接铜钢接头进行实验,强度检测表明:接头抗拉强度达到铜本体强度,金相组织表明焊缝结合良好,界面无气孔、夹渣、未熔合等缺陷.实验证实手工电弧焊铜钢接头需650～700℃预热,采用碱性焊条焊缝性能优于酸性焊条,减小熔合比有助提高焊缝质量.     

LNG储罐用9Ni低温钢横位置焊条电弧焊和埋弧焊接头微观组织与力学性能对比

文中针对LNG储罐用9Ni低温钢,分别采用焊条电弧焊和埋弧焊进行横位置焊接试验.通过力学性能测试和微观组织分析研究不同焊接方法对焊接接头性能的影响.试验结果表明:2种焊接接头力学性能都符合标准要求,热影响区冲击吸收功高于焊缝,埋弧焊接头比焊条电弧焊接头低温冲击韧性更好.焊条电弧焊和埋弧焊接头焊缝组织均为奥氏体与析出相,...     

不锈钢复合板焊接接头晶间腐蚀失效分析

针对不锈钢复合板焊接接头出现晶间腐蚀裂纹问题,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、XRD等技术手段对复合板焊接接头的组织、成分以及相组成进行检测和分析,对焊接工艺规范和热处理制度对焊接接头耐蚀性的影响进行探讨。结果表明,接头焊缝区铁素体含量18．3％,晶粒度9．5级,过渡层焊缝铬的含量9．58％,低于耐蚀性要求;接头产生了σ等硬脆相,这些因素都增大晶间腐蚀敏感性;焊接线能量过大,将降低接头的腐蚀性能;复合板整体消应热处理可以取消。     

ZG0Cr25Ni7Mo2N低碳双相不锈钢补焊工艺的研究

针对ZG0Cr25Ni7Mo2N低碳双相不锈钢产品在生产中出现的焊接不稳定问题,经常出现返修补焊的现象,论文对ZG0Cr25Ni7Mo2N低碳双相不锈钢铸件补焊进行研究,使用焊条电弧焊的方法,选用2209-15低氢焊条,采用多层多道焊,通过确定合理的工艺参数及焊接方法,分析焊接接头的金相组织,对焊接接头力学性能进行检测,验证ZG0Cr25Ni7Mo2N低碳双相不锈钢在使用2209-15低氢焊条,采用所选焊接工艺条件下,焊接接头是否能满足产品要求。解决双相不锈钢铸件焊接产品在精加工出现缺陷。经过试验确定,焊接热影响区主要由双相组织组成,焊缝区域主要由奥氏体组织和少量铁素体组织组成,焊接接头力学性能满足使用要求.     

FV520(B)钢异种钢焊接接头的组织和性能研究

通过拉伸试验、示波冲击试验和硬度试验,对两种焊后热处理（850℃油淬＋560℃时效、850℃油淬＋600℃时效）下的沉淀硬化不锈钢FV520（B）/低碳调质钢18CrMnMoV异种钢焊接接头的组织和力学性能进行了研究,结果表明：两种焊接接头中,焊缝组织粗大,硬度最高,韧性最低;600℃时效处理后的焊缝和两种母材的硬度均低于560℃时效处理后的焊接接头的相应位置的硬度,但前者的韧性高于后者;在两种焊接接头中的FV520（B）母材侧热影响区均存在软化区,这是导致两种焊接接头在拉伸试验中均断裂于该位置的主要原因;600℃时效的焊接接头具有比较合理的综合力学性能。     

焊接和热处理工艺对Q235B钢板焊缝微观组织和硬度的影响

采用金相显微镜、里氏硬度计、马沸炉等研究焊接方式、热处理工艺对Q235B焊缝区微观组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,在相同的焊接电流下,采用CO₂气体保护焊获得的焊缝组织均匀性优于采用焊条电弧焊、钨极惰性气体保护焊的焊缝;不同大小焊接电流CO₂气体保护焊获得的焊缝组织,成分区别不大,采用160A焊接电流的焊缝组织晶粒比190A焊接电流的要粗大,采用220A焊接电流的焊缝组织均匀性最好;不同焊接速度CO₂气体保护焊获得的焊缝组织,采用600 mm/min焊接速度的焊缝组织,成分分布最为均匀,组织致密性最好;采用230 mm/min焊接速度的焊缝组织晶体最粗大,采用375 mm/min焊接速度的次之,采用600 mm/min焊接速度的最为细小;退火处理工艺(温度650℃,保温1.5 h,随炉冷却到300℃,取出空冷到室温)总体上有利于焊缝组织的晶粒细化和均匀分布;退火处理前的焊缝硬度普遍高于母材的硬度,焊条电弧焊焊缝硬度平均值最大,退火处理后的焊缝硬度,除了第一组试样中CO₂气体保护焊的焊缝之外,其余焊缝的硬...     

Tuning PID control of an automatic arc welding system using a SMAW process

A new method to tune the gains of the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for alternating current shield metal arc welding (SMAW) of automatic arc welding system using a SMAW process is presented in this paper. This method used the genetic algorithm (GA) approach to optimize the gains of the PID auto-tuner and considerably modulated the rate of an electrode feed mechanism that regulates arc current. The proposed controller was verified by simulation and experiments of the transient response in the automatic arc welding system. Finally, the performance indices of the proposed controller are compared with that based on Ziegler–Nichols tuning rules.     

高强钢厚板激光-GMAW复合双面同步横焊特性研究

针对30 mm厚船用高强钢10Ni5Cr Mo V对接接头横焊应用需求,开展激光-熔化极气体保护电弧(Gas metal arc welding,GMAW)复合双面同步横焊特性研究。研究结果表明,针对横焊位姿因重力、非对称坡口对熔滴、电弧的影响,利用激光对电弧的吸引和收缩作用,通过减小光-丝间距,有效地抑制了电弧侧壁燃弧,熔滴在电磁力和等离子流力的作用下,稳定过渡到熔池中,实现了熔滴过渡稳定性控制,解决了激光-GMAW复合横焊位姿电弧偏离和熔滴下落等过程控制难题与侧壁未熔合问题;厚板激光-GMAW复合双面同步横焊包括打底层和填充层焊接,其中打底层焊接是保证接头焊接质量的关键;采用激光-GMAW复合双面同步横焊新方法,4道焊接完成了30 mm厚船用高强钢10Ni5Cr Mo V横焊位姿的高强、高效连接。焊缝表面成形良好,无裂纹、未焊透和侧壁未熔合等缺陷。接头的抗拉强度高于母材,且其–50℃冲击吸收能量为57.3 J。     

焊后热处理对BHW35钢焊接接头组织性能的影响

对采用E7015-D2焊条焊制的BHW35钢厚壁对接焊接接头分别采取不同冷却速度的焊后热处理制度,进行了弯曲、拉伸、冲击韧性等力学性能、金相组织及扫描电镜断口分析对比,指出采用正火＋回火空冷＋消应力退火热处理能使焊接接头组织及强韧性满足使用要求,而缓冷工艺使母材性能不能很好恢复,接头横向拉伸强度低于母材规定值的下限,冲击韧性低于空冷工艺,抗裂纹扩展能力下降。断口特征佐证了上述结果。     

Effect of pulsed current welding on mechanical properties of high strength aluminum alloy

High strength aluminum alloys (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys) have gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of lightweight structures requiring high strength-to-weight ratio, such as transportable bridge girders, military vehicles, road tankers and railway transport systems. The preferred welding processes of high strength aluminum alloy are frequently the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process and the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process due to their comparatively easy applicability and better economy. Weld fusion zones typically exhibit coarse columnar grains because of the prevailing thermal conditions during weld metal solidification. This often results in inferior weld mechanical properties and poor resistance to hot cracking. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to refine the fusion zone grains by applying a pulsed current welding technique. Rolled plates of 6 mm thickness were used as the base material for preparing single pass welded joints. A single ‘V’ butt joint configuration was prepared for joining the plates. The filler metal used for joining the plates was AA 5356 (Al-5Mg (wt%)) grade aluminum alloy. Four different welding techniques were used to fabricate the joints: (1) continuous current GTAW (CCGTAW), (2) pulsed current GTAW (PCGTAW), (3) continuous current GMAW (CCGMAW) and (4) pulsed current GMAW (PCGMAW). Argon (99.99% pure) was used as the shielding gas. Tensile properties of the welded joints were evaluated by conducting tensile tests using a 100 kN electro-mechanical controlled universal testing machine. Current pulsing leads to relatively finer and more equi-axed grain structure in GTA and GMA welds. In contrast, conventional continuous current welding resulted in predominantly columnar grain structures. Grain refinement is accompanied by an increase in tensile strength and tensile ductility.     

钣金件焊接性能试验研究

为了提高产品钣金件的抗拉强度和防腐蚀性能,并选择合适的焊接方法,文中分别采用2种胶焊方法(透胶胶焊、毛细作用胶焊)和传统点焊方法对3种材料(St12钢板、5A05铝板、2A12铝板)进行了试验。采用3种方法对试验件做盐雾试验、拉伸试验后再对所得数据进行对比分析。试验结果表明:对于St12钢板,点焊件抗拉强度最高,而毛细作用胶焊的抗腐蚀性能最好;对于5A05和2A12铝板,毛细作用胶焊的抗拉强度和抗腐蚀性能都最好。由此可见,毛细作用胶焊方法是一种较为适合的钣金件连接方式。     

Experimental and numerical study of the temperature field during creep feed grinding

In this study, commercially pure titanium sheets (American Society for Testing and Materials grade?2) were welded by resistance spot welding at various welding parameters. The welded joints were subjected to tensile-shearing tests in order to determine the strength values. In addition, the hardness and microstructural examinations were carried out in order to examine the influence of welding parameters on the welded joints. The experimental results showed that increasing electrode force, welding current and welding time increased the tensile-shearing strength of the welded specimens. Hardness measurement results indicated that welding nugget had the highest hardness and this was followed by the heat-affected zone and the base metal. Microstructural examinations showed the growth of the weld nugget grains with increasing heat input. Besides, due to plastic deformation during the welding process, twins were formed and at the same time twins increased with increasing electrode force, welding current and welding time.     

富氩混合气体保护焊在压力容器受压焊缝中应用的工艺研究

通过实验研究，选择适当的焊接材料、焊接工艺参数，克服了富氩混拿 敢体保护焊易出现的缺陷，摒弃了以往压力容器受压焊缝生产中氩弧焊打底、手要焊盖面的传统焊接方法，将该焊接方法成功应用在压力容顺受压焊缝的生产中，提高工作效率3－5倍，降低了生产成本。     

A study on mechanical characteristics of the friction stir welded A6005-T5 extrusion

In this paper, A6005-T5 extruded aluminum alloy sheets which are used for floor, roof or wall panels of railroad vehicles were welded by the friction stir welding (FSW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) techniques. The mechanical characteristics including the tensile strength, micro-hardness and fatigue strength of the FSW joint were compared to those of the base metal and GMAW joints. In order to determine the relationship between the welding variables of FSW and the mechanical characteristics of the joint, the response function was derived using the least square method and the sensitivity analysis was performed. The rotational speed, welding speed and tilting angle of the welding tool were chosen as design variables. On the basis of the Plackett-Burman design table, eight different FSW experiments were done, and then the effects of design variables on the mechanical characteristics of the FSW joint were analyzed. The result showed that the welding speed has a most significant effect on the tensile and fatigue strength. In the case of the micro-hardness, the effect of the tilting angle was the biggest.