ZnO／PVP纳米复合膜的制备及其光学性质

采用溶胶-凝胶技术在玻璃衬底上利用旋转涂胶法制备了ZnO/PVP纳米复合薄膜.紫外可见透射光谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光光谱(PL)表明PVP实现了对ZnO纳米晶的有效包覆,从而有效阻止了ZnO纳米晶的团聚,强化了ZnO纳米粒子的量子限域效应,导致ZnO/PVP复合薄膜吸收边明显蓝移.PVP的包覆同时减少了界面缺陷,提高了复合薄膜的紫外发光效率,降低了可见区的发光强度.退火温度、薄膜层数及zn2+和PVP物质的量比对复合薄膜的UV-Vis谱的吸收边和PL谱的发光峰位及强度都产生了影响.     

退火条件对ZnO薄膜结构和光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在单晶硅Si(100)衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,研究了退火温度对ZnO结构和光学性能的影响。实验发现,退火可以明显地改善ZnO薄膜的结构和光学性能。随着退火温度的升高,ZnO薄膜的晶粒增大,同时在室温下观察到明显的紫外发光现象,其紫外PL谱峰值变强,并有红移现象。     

射频磁控溅射制备的ZnMgO薄膜结构和光学性能

采用射频磁控溅射法,在石英衬底上制备了Zn1-xMgxO(x=0.00～0.16)薄膜。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光光度计和光致发光(PL)光谱等分析了薄膜的结构、形貌和光学特性。结果表明:当x≤0.10时薄膜保持六角纤锌矿结构,而x=0.16时已出现MgO立方相;所有薄膜晶粒大小均匀,在100～150 nm之间;透光率在80%以上;薄膜带隙Eg与Mg含量呈线性关系;薄膜PL谱由较弱的紫外发光峰和较强的可见发光带组成,随Mg含量的增加紫外发光峰蓝移。     

退火条件对ZnO薄膜结构和光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在单晶硅Si(100)衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,研究了退火温度对ZnO结构和光学性能的影响.实验发现,退火可以明显地改善ZnO薄膜的结构和光学性能.随着退火温度的升高,ZnO薄膜的晶粒增大,同时在室温下观察到明显的紫外发光现象,其紫外PL谱峰值变强,并有红移现象.     

氨气退火对ZnO纳米线阵列光致发光性质的影响

采用水热方法在Si（100）衬底上制备ZnO纳米线．利用提拉法在Si衬底上首先制备ZnO晶种层,然后利用水热法在晶种层上生长ZnO纳米线．在不同温度下的NH。气氛中,对zn0纳米线进行退火处理．系统地研究了NHs退火对ZnO纳米线光学性质的影响,在低温光致发光光谱中观察到了-9氮受主相关的光发射,并通过自由电子一受主辐射复合光发射确定受主离化能为129meV．实验结果还表明,随着退火温度的升高,施主一受主对辐射复合发光呈现了微弱红移现象．在700℃退火的条件下制备的ZnO纳米线的低温PL谱中,观察到较为明显的自由激子光发射,并采用理论拟合进行证明．     

非晶态ZnO薄膜的微结构及光学性质

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃衬底上制备了非晶态ZnO薄膜。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描探针显微镜(SPM)研究了非晶态ZnO薄膜的晶相和微观形貌,用紫外-可见光光度计和荧光光度计研究了非晶态ZnO薄膜的光学特性。测试结果表明,XRD谱没有任何衍射峰,表明所制备的ZnO薄膜确实是非晶态;非晶态ZnO薄膜的表面平整、光滑,表面粗糙度均值为1.5 nm;在可见光区有很高的透过率,最高值为90%;光学带隙为3.39 eV;其PL谱显示在紫外区384 nm处有较强的紫外发射。     

纳米硫化锌分子沉积膜制备与光谱分析

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂,采用乙酸锌和硫化钠合成了硫化锌(ZnS)胶体,采用分子沉积膜技术制备了聚电解质与ZnS纳米颗粒的复合薄膜.在ZnS胶体的紫外-可见光吸收光谱上可观察到激子吸收峰,胶体的吸收带边约为313 nm,与其体相材料比较,有明显蓝移现象,显示出量子尺寸效应.透射电镜下可观察到ZnS胶体颗粒为球形,粒径为3-7 nm.吸收光谱显示,聚电解质与ZnS胶体复合薄膜的吸光度随薄膜层数增加而上升;荧光光谱显示,复合膜在380 nm附近有较强发光,随着膜厚度增加,发光强度逐渐增强.     

ZnO与银纳米颗粒表面等离子体耦合发光研究

将Ag离子注入到石英玻璃中形成Ag纳米颗粒并退火,用脉冲激光沉积法(PLD)在样品表面沉积ZnO薄膜,通过改变Ag纳米颗粒表面等离子体共振吸收强度,研究Ag纳米颗粒表面等离子体与ZnO薄膜的激子耦合效应.PL谱实验结果表明:Ag纳米颗粒与ZnO发生强烈的耦合使ZnO的发光增强,增强效果随Ag纳米颗粒等离子体的增强而增大,另一方面发光峰位发生红移,出现双峰现象.最后对耦合效应产生的机制进行了探讨.     

PLD制备FePt：MgO薄膜的结构及线性光学性能研究

采用脉冲激光沉积法（PLD）制备了FePt：MgO多层复合薄膜。采用高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）分析了薄膜的结构;采用紫外可见分光光度计分析了薄膜的线性光学性能。HRTEM分析表明基质MgO在单晶MgO衬底上同质外延生长,而FePt纳米颗粒周期性均匀地自组织嵌埋在MgO基质中。HRTEM的快速傅里叶变换（FFT）图表明,FePt纳米颗粒为富Pt的面心立方（FCC）结构的FePt3,其晶格常数αFePt3=3.90 。（1。=0.1 nm）。MgO基质与FePt纳米颗粒的界面分析表明,它们的界面处几乎不存在非晶层,只在FePt纳米颗粒与MgO基质的晶界线附近有少量的刃型位错。薄膜的紫外可见吸收谱结果表明,低脉冲数样品具有远紫外增透作用,高脉冲数样品存在3个表面等离子激元共振吸收峰,随FePt沉积脉冲数增加,吸收峰位置均发生红移,峰强逐渐减弱,峰强比规律变化。     

稀土离子掺杂纳米TiO2的谱学特性研究

采用sol-gel法制备不同稀土元素(La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm)掺杂TiO2纳米粒子,采用荧光光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对样品的谱学特性进行对比研究。结果表明,Sm掺杂引起新的发光现象,荧光谱中两个发射峰的强度随Sm掺杂浓度的改变而改变,而其余稀土元素掺杂只影响纯TiO2发射峰的位置和强度;Ce掺杂造成漫反射光谱的吸收边发生红移,且红移幅度随Ce掺杂浓度的改变而改变,其余稀土元素掺杂则造成吸收边蓝移。     

ZnO/PVP纳米复合膜的光学特性

采用高分子网络原位合成法制备了ZnO/PVP纳米复合膜.并且通过多种测试手段对ZnO/PVP纳米复合膜的光学特性进行了分析.通过XRD,TEM的测试结果可知,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为模板,原位合成ZnO纳米粒子,具有六角纤锌矿结构;分散性好,粒径分布窄等特点;从光致发光谱中可以看出由于PVP的引入,使得ZnO纳米粒...     

Morphology tuning of mono-disperse silver nanoparticles by reaction temperature adjustment

Mono-disperse silver nanoparticles with tunable morphologies have been fabricated by reducing AgNO3 in the presence of N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and larger molecular weight poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP). By adjusting the reaction temperature, the conversion of the morphology can be easily and effectively controlled. The crystal structures and growth mechanism of mono-disperse silver nanoparticles were studied by using TEM, HR-TEM, FFT, XRD and UV-Vis spectra data. The results show that the morphologies of nanoparticles with spherical shape can be adjusted to a truncated triangle/hexagon along with the change of reaction temperature from 80 to 120 ℃. It is found that the shape transformation from sphere to truncated triangle is caused by the difference in surface energy and the selective adsorption of PVP on silver atom.     

ZnO和ZnO/Au纳米流体的制备及光热转换性能

太阳能光热利用是太阳能利用的重要方面,其中,纳米流体光学特性对太阳能光热利用效率起着决定性作用。通过水热法制备不同形貌的ZnO纳米颗粒,再利用硼氢化钠还原法将Au成功还原在ZnO纳米颗粒上,制备出ZnO/Au复合纳米材料。通过SEM、XRD表征ZnO和ZnO/Au纳米粒子的形貌结构与成分。经紫外/可见/近红外吸收光谱测试表明ZnO/Au纳米流体显著提高了在可见光波段的吸收。通过光热转换实验表明,花状ZnO纳米流体的光热转换性能优于棒状ZnO纳米流体, ZnO/Au纳米流体由于Au的等离激元效应,光热转换特性增强。当浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,棒状ZnO/10%Au纳米流体光热转换效率为59%,比纯导热油纳米流体提高16%;当浓度为0.5 mg/mL时,花状ZnO/10%Au纳米流体光热转换效率为71%,比纯导热油纳米流体提高28%。     

TeO2-BaO碲酸盐玻璃的结构研究

测试了TeO2 - BaO碲酸盐玻璃的拉曼和红外光谱,发现在TeO2- BaO碲酸盐玻璃系统中,随着BaO浓度的增加,玻璃中的[ TeO4]双三角锥向[TeO3]三角棱锥转化.对80TeO2- 20BaO碲酸盐玻璃变温(90～600 K)的拉曼光谱研究表明,玻璃中[TeO4]双三角锥向[TeO3]三角棱锥的转化,且在[...     

Influence of dopant content on morphology and optical constants of ZnO: Na films by sol-gel method

Undoped and Na-doped ZnO films were deposited by sol-gel method. The effects of sodium incorporation on structure, surface morphology and optical constants of the films were investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns show the hexagonal wurtzite polycrystalline structure and that the sodium incorporation leads to the change in the structural characteristics of ZnO films. The SEM observations show that the surface morphology of the films is affected by the sodium incorporation. The transmission spectra show that the average transmittance of the films is above 85% in the visible range. The absorption edge initially blue-shifts and then red-shifts with the increase of Na doping content. The optical constants of these films were calculated using transmission spectra. Refractive indices of the films in the visible range decrease at first and then increase with increasing Na doping content.     

多壁碳纳米管负载ZnO纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶法,以醋酸锌和硝酸处理过的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）为主要原料,制备了MWCNTs-ZnO光催化复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段研究了制得样品的形态结构;通过紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-vis）,在紫外光照射下,分析比较了MWCNTs-ZnO复合材料、MWCNTs和ZnO的混合物以及纯ZnO对甲基橙光催化降解的性能。结果表明：在相同条件下MWCNTs-ZnO复合催化剂对甲基橙光降解有着最高的光催化活性。讨论了复合催化剂用量、重复使用等因素对甲基橙光催化降解效果的影响,并就复合催化剂的抗光腐蚀机制进行了初步的探讨。     

无模板法制备孔结构氧化锌

设计一种无模板技术合成多孔氧化锌。采用温和的水热反应首先合成棒状前驱体,随后,伴随前驱体的分解,得到延承前驱体形貌的多孔氧化锌。用X射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和热重／差热分析（TG-DTA）对产品进行表征。结果显示该多孔氧化锌框架由纤锌矿型纳米颗粒组成。多孔氧化锌的光致发光（PL）谱在400～600nm范围内呈现一个宽的发射谱带。     

Large scale synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via homogeneous precipitation

In order to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles economically, industrial-grade zinc sulfate and urea were utilized to synthesize ZnO precursors in a stirred-tank reactor or a Teflon-lined autoclave at 100–180 °C under complete sealing condition. The ZnO precursors were calcined at 450 °C for 3 h to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles. The composition of the precursors and the formation mechanism of ZnO were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the ZnO powders demonstrate that high-purity zincite ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized. Orthogonal experiments were performed to find out the optimal conditions for the maximum yield and the minimum size. The effect of temperature on the size of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated. The results show that a higher temperature is propitious to obtain smaller nanoparticles.     

In-situ growth of silver nanostructure on quartz glass substrates

Silver nanostructure compact aggregates on the surface of quartz glass substrates were synthesized by small gold seeds with the assistance of poly vinypyrrolidone (PVP) and irradiation of fluorescent lamp. The formation mechanism of silver nanostructure was proposed. The results show that both the PVP and the light irradiation are the keys to in-situ growth of silver nanostructure on quartz glass substrates. The silver nanostructure of the substrates which finally grow up to 150 nm after 20 h irradiation exhibits irregular shape, and some of nanoparticles stack to form bilayer. A new broad band appears in the absorption spectra of the substrates due to the interparticle dipole-dipole coupling of surface plasmon resonance response of the triangular silver nanoplate particles, which red shifts 600–800 nm as the particles grow up. The substrates have an emission band centered at 400 nm on their fluorescence spectra, and the fluorescence intensity shrinks as the average size of the silver nanostructure increases. The strongest SERS signal of SERS-active substrate is fabricated after 16 h.     

Preparation and Characterization of Monodisperse Nickel Nanoparticles by Polyol Process

Polymer-protected monodisperse nickel nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified polyol reduction method in the presence of poly（N-vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone）.These nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,selected area electron diffraction（SAED）,as well as vibrating sample magnetometer（VSM）.The experimental results show that the addition of PVP and the concentration of NaOh have strong influences on the size.agglomeration and uniformity of nanoparticles.In the presence of PVP and NaoH with low concentration.smonodisperse nickel nanoparticles with average diameters about 42 nm were obtained and characterized to the pure nickel crystalline with foc structure.Secondary structures such as clusters.loops.and strings resulted from magnetic interactions between particles were observed.The chemical interaction between the PVP and nickel nanoparticles was found by FTIR.The saturation magnetization（Ms）.remanent magnetization（Mr）and coercivity（Hc）of these nickel nanoparticles are lower than those of bulk nickel.