莫让物流产业"流产"

有人指出,中国物流是"剃头挑子一头热";提供物流服务的企业热过了头,而工业企业整体表现又太冷淡.的确,时至今日,不少企业仍把物流业当作是仓库加车队的代名词.去年,一个有600人参加的物流峰会,制造商代表只有10来个.工业企业无动于衷.物流服务需求得不到充分发挥,物流企业抱怨业务开展艰难,国家统计局公布的上半年投资分析报告显示:全国物流中心空置率已高达60%.     

传统物流企业转型的实施问题探讨

物流只有经过现代化的大发展才能满足高速发展的商品经济对流通的需求．很多人研究了传统物流向现代物流的发展理论和模式，但是，企业的现状千差万别，问题多多，约束重重，先图生存后谋发展，仅仅是理论上的指导不能解决实际问题．本文拟从实践的角度，结合理论，以物流技术的分层特征为入手点，提出4种转型方式，并重点探讨了两种方式的实施。     

对我国区域物流发展的探讨

相对于发达国家的物流产业而言,中国的物流产业尚处于起步发展阶段,区域物流的发展水平还比较低。区域物流管理的理论研究与实践在我国已经起步,但由于物流理论研究环节的相对滞后,我国区域物流发展还面临许多问题。为推动区域物流和物流产业健康发展,本文从我国区域物流发展的现状入手,分析了我国区域物流发展对经济的作用以及存在的问题,为加快我国区域物流发展提出了对策。     

物流成本的会计核算

物流成本会计是一个以物流成本为中心,通过对物流成本的分析,对物流活动进行预测、决策、规划和控制的会计信息系统。物流成本会计体系包括按物流过程进行物流成本核算、按物流费用支付形式进行物流成本核算、按物流功能进行物流成本核算、按成本习性进行物流成本核算、按责任成本进行物流成本核算等。     

第四方物流及对物流规划功能的外包

随着企业与物流的发展，物流的规划决策外包越来越受到重视。介绍了一种解决物流规划功能外包问题的物流方案－－第四方物流，对其定义与工作方式进行了详细的介绍，并以实例证明，第四方物流能够进一步降低物流的成本，提高物流效率。     

如何降低物流成本

现代物流被称为继劳动力、自然资源之后的“第三利润源泉” ,而保证这一利润源泉实现的关键是降低企业物流成本。1.物流成本的组成美国将物流成本划分为库存费用、运输成本和物流管理费用。库存费用是指花费在保存货物上的费用 ,除包括仓储、残损、人力费用及保险和税收外 ,还包括库存占压资金的利息。把库存占压资金的利息加入物流成本 ,这是现代物流与传统物流费用计算的最大区别 ,它把降低物流成本与加速资金周转统一起来。运输成本包括公路运输和其他运输费用和货主费用 ,公路运输包括城市内运输与区域间卡车运输 ;其他运输方式包括 :铁…     

论我国物流法律法规中存在的问题及完善建议

近年来，现代物流产业成为国民经济的强势增长点，被认为是21世纪最具发展潜力和最有发展价值的产业部门。物流业是运输、仓储、装卸、加工、配送、信息等行业的有机结合，已经成为当今全球最具有发展潜力的产业。但是任何产业的发展都离不开法律制度的规范与约束。我国的物流产业历经20余年的发展，从当前物流产业的发展状况来看，物流法律法规需要有突破性的进展，因此，整合现有物流法律法规，构建适合国情、具有现代性与前瞻性的物流法律制度体系，已成当务之急。     

现代物流与物流标准化

随着世界经济的快速发展和现代科学技术的进步 ,物流业作为国民经济中一种新兴的服务正在全球范围内迅速发展。在国际上 ,物流产业被认为是国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业。在国内 ,现代物流也被誉为“第三利润源” ,受到政府各有关部门和机构的高度重视。　　 一、现代物流的定义传统的物流 (Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃｓ)是指“物的流动” ,即物质实体的流动过程 ,具体指运输、储存、配送、装卸、保管、物流信息管理等各种活动。如美国物流学者Ｄ .Ｂｏｗｅｒｓｏｘ在其出版的《物流管理》一书中 ,将物流定义为 :“以卖主为起点将原材料、零部件与制…     

关于物流企业服务创新的讨论

传统物流服务功能主要包括运输、仓储、配送等方面,是否能为客户提供一体化物流服务是由传统物流企业转变为第三方物流企业的重要标志。通过对物流服务理念、内容的创新,可以通过市场的工具使资源得到有效合理的配置,从而使物流企业通过比较优势为客户提供差异化、个性化物流服务。拓宽物流服务的内容,通过服务创新提高物流企业的竞争力。     

我国汽车物流发展的现状及趋势分析

近年来,汽车工业的发展十分迅速,也成为了朝阳产业之一。但是在我国,高速增长的汽车业刚刚触及汽车供应链管理的边缘,真正意义的汽车物流仍处于起步阶段。由此可见,汽车物流企业的出现,使社会分工更趋专业化,促进了汽车的流通。本文主要围绕着我国汽车物流发展的现状及为了发展趋势两个方面进行详细分析。     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Gefügemäßige Bewertung der Schweißeignung von Stahlgusssorten unter Berücksichtigung der Kaltrissbeständigkeit

Microstructural evaluation of weldability of cast steels considering the sensitivity to cold cracking The behaviour of different types of cast steel at welding of structures is widely determined by the specialities of the microstructure in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The identification of the different areas of microstructure depends on the alloying system of the cast material. At the evaluation of the weldability of cast steels with high or low carbon contents high attention should be drawn to the sensitivity to cold cracking, which correlates with the chemical composition as well as with the inhomogenieties of the initial microstructure.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Predicting the viscosity of liquid refrigerant blends: comparison with experimental data

A method is presented for predicting the viscosity of liquid refrigerant mixtures. The method has no adjustable parameters and, in essence, relies upon the knowledge of the viscosity of the pure components to predict the viscosity of a mixture by means of kinetic theory and rigid-sphere formalism. The predictions have been compared with the available experimental data for a number of refrigerant mixtures. Based on this comparison and previous studies, the accuracy of the proposed method is assessed to be of the order of ±7%.     

Study on latent heat of fusion of ice in aqueous solutions

In this study, latent heat of fusion of ice in aqueous solutions was measured to understand latent heat of fusion of ice slurries. Propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, NaCl and NaNO₃ solutions were used as aqueous solutions. For measurements, pure ice was placed into solution, and temperature variations of the solution due to melting of ice were measured. Effective latent heat of fusion was calculated using an energy balance equation. Concentration of the solution varied due to ice melting, and dilution heat was considered. Therefore, latent heat of fusion of ice in aqueous solutions was predicted by considering the effects of dilution and freezing-point depression. We found that effective latent heat of fusion of ice decreased with increasing concentration of the solution, and effective latent heat of fusion was derived from latent heat of fusion of pure ice, effects of freezing-point depression, and dilution heat.     

Surface State Control by Ultrasonic Plastic Deformation at the Final Machining Stage

Basic results of research into the process of the surface geometry formation during ultrasonic plastic deformation of metallic materials are presented. The results of mathematical modeling of the microgeometry and surface undulation formation in the machining of materials of different hardness are also presented. Experimental validation of the adequacy of the proposed models is provided.     

Specific Features of the Behavior of Ceramics Based on ZrO2 with an Admixture of 9 Mole% CeO2 in the Process of Deformation

For zirconia ceramics stabilized with 9 mol.% CeO ₂, we study specific features of the processes of deformation and formation of the zones of transformation of the tetragonal phase into the monoclinic phase under the action of mechanical stresses. It is shown that, at room temperature, this transition occurs explosively (autocatalytically) and is accompanied by the formation of large zones of the -phase in the form of strips on the surface of tension of the specimen and the appearance of a nonlinear sawtooth section in the stress–strain diagram. As the testing temperature increases, the degree of autocatalyticity decreases together with the degree of nonlinearity and the diagrams lose their sawtooth character. At the same time, the strength of the material becomes almost four times higher at ~ 200°C and then decreases to the initial level at 400°C. It is assumed that this Type of mechanical behavior can be explained by changes in the mechanisms of hardening of ceramics.     

Influence of surface roughness on the bonding quality in twin-roll cast clad strip

Manufacturing of aluminum-steel clad strips by means of twin-roll casting is of great interest due to a shorter production chain in comparison with convenient technologies. Experiments on twin-roll casting of clad strips of pure aluminum and an austenitic stainless steel of 2.5?mm total thickness with the inline abrasive cleaning of a steel substrate’s surface performed. The corresponding device for the inline surface preparation is designed. The influence of surface roughness of the substrate’s surface on the bonding strength between strip layers is analyzed. The mechanism of intermetallic bonding on the roughened surfaces is discussed. It is shown that surface roughness of steel substrate up to 4.2?µm provides bonding strength above 100?MPa.     

The Overcoat Oil Lubrication of Microarc Oxidation Coating on Al Alloy by Liquid Plasma Technique

Ceramic coatings were deposited on 2Al2 alloy with a 100 kW micro-arc oxidation equipment consisting of a potential adjustable ac power supply and alkali electrolyte. The structure of the micro-arc oxidiation coatings was examined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The tribological properties of the coatings sliding against steel under the drop and adsorption lubrication of liquid paraffin were evaluated with a Timken tester. The lower friction coefficient of 0.14 and longer wear life of 2450 m of overcoat were observed for the polished micro-arc oxidation coating of 180μm thick at a sliding speed 2. 50 m/s and load 1500 N. This is because the coating has an interlayer of suitable porosity and thickness, which helps to improve the deposition of lubricants and endure the higher load. In other words, the oil is able to adsorb in the porous holes of the overcoat and provided the lubrication of micro reservoir during friction, and the compact and relatively hard interlayer of oxidation coating is able to support heavy load and prevent the oil lubricating film from damage.     

Effect of tool wear on microrods fabrication using reverse μEDM

Arrayed microrods are used to drill array of microholes in workpieces by Micro electrical discharge machining (μEDM). In comparison to a single microrod, the use of an array of microrods enables drilling of multiple microholes in lesser time, and hence it offers a higher productivity. The present work focuses on the effect of tool wear on the dimensions of the machined array of microrods through reverse micro electrical discharge machining (R-μEDM). The effects of the input parameters such as voltage, capacitance and feed rate on the obtained length and diameter of the microrods have been investigated. This study introduces a simple analytical model to evaluate the amount of tool wear and material removal from a bulk rod. As the levels of voltage and capacitance increase from lower to higher, the tool wear increases by 574%. At lower levels of voltage and capacitance, a straight array of microrods with a longer length of about 1.961?mm is obtained. On the other hand, at higher levels of voltage and capacitance, the obtained microrods are found to have a shorter length of 1.725?mm but with taper. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope images are also analyzed for describing the effects of tool wear on the shape and size of the fabricated microrods.