圆柱附属刚性与柔性分离盘结构系统的涡激振动及驰振风洞实验研究

近年来该文作者针对圆柱涡激振动控制方法与机理开展了数值模拟和风洞实验研究,获得了一些具有典型意义的认识及涡激振动控制策略。与此同时,研究发现,有的典型涡激振动抑制装置如分离盘和整流罩等在一些条件下会发生比涡激振动更严重更复杂的不稳定现象—驰振,它非常不利于对圆柱涡激振动本身的控制。该文概述近期利用风洞实验开展刚性和柔性分离盘控制涡激振动研究时所观察到的典型特征,揭示了涡激振动以及驰振发生的条件和规律。总体来看,在该文实验条件(质量阻尼比0.19-0.2,约化速度2-38)和材料属性下,长度小于1.0 D(D为圆柱直径)的柔性分离盘可以有效控制涡激振动,而大于1.0D的柔性分离盘和刚性分离盘都引发了驰振。对于刚性分离盘,这种驰振比较复杂,与测试条件相关,有的为涡激振动诱发,有的是速度限制激励的,有的是纯粹的驰振且振动强而不停;而柔性分离盘的驰振大多是自发产生的且相对刚性分离盘弱而有限。     

附属螺旋导板抑制圆柱涡激振动的风洞试验

该文采用了一种口形截面三螺头螺旋导板用于抑制大质量阻尼比(*m??1.42)圆柱涡激振动,开展了风洞实验研究。针对弹性支撑的圆柱及其附属不同螺距螺旋导板模型,在雷诺数2.7?103-5.29?104范围内,测定相应约化速度下的振动瞬态位移。结果表明:螺距/直径比为5、10和17.5三种螺旋导板圆柱的横向及流向无因次均方根振幅均远小于单圆柱,螺旋导板对大质量阻尼比圆柱的涡激振动有较好的抑制效果,其无因次均方根振幅响应曲线无锁定区,且横向上的抑制效果比流向的抑制效果明显。此外,螺距/直径比为5的螺旋导板具有最佳抑制效果。     

串列双圆柱涡激振动响应的数值模拟

该文利用动网格技术对雷诺数Re=100的串列双圆柱的涡激振动响应特性进行了详尽的数值研究。研究了上游圆柱固定,下游圆柱横向振动时,不同间距比(L/D=2-5)和折合流速(Ur=2.4-12)对上、下游圆柱的升阻力特性、涡激振动响应特性和圆柱间干扰效应的影响;以及下游圆柱双自由度(横向和流向振动)涡激振动响应特性。研究发现:随着间距比的增大,下游圆柱开始进入"锁定区间"的Ur减小,且下游圆柱的涡激振动对上游圆柱的影响逐渐减弱,但上游圆柱对下游圆柱的干涉效应一直存在。对于不同间距比,在折合流速Ur=7.2附近,下游圆柱的升阻力系数具有很明显的"跳跃"现象,并出现阻力峰值,且不同间距比的下游圆柱都在Ur=7.2时获得最大振幅且幅值相近,这意味着下游圆柱可能在此折合速度下被完全诱导,当下游圆柱被完全诱导振动后,间距比对圆柱振幅的影响较小。不同的折合流速下,小间距比(L/D=2)和大间距比(L/D=5)的尾流会表现出不同的流动形式和"2P"、"2S"等涡脱形式。下游圆柱双自由度振动时,流向振动相对横向振动振幅较小。     

基于CFD方法的变张力柔性圆柱涡激振动数值模拟

在实际海洋工程中,细长柔性结构物的涡激振动问题广受关注。该文基于切片模型,采用课题组基于开源CFD求解器OpenFOAM自主开发的,面向柔性立管涡激振动问题的viv-FOAM-SJTU求解器,对变张力作用下柔性圆柱涡激振动问题进行数值模拟,分别计算在恒定张力(工况1)及以一阶(工况2)和二阶(工况3)固有频率变化的轴向张力作用下,柔性圆柱涡激振动响应的变化。计算结果与试验吻合良好,验证了求解器的准确性。结果表明,变张力作用显著增大了结构位移响应,相比于工况1,工况2增幅约1倍,工况3增幅约25%。工况3的主振模态由一阶提升至三阶。变张力的作用使得圆柱出现多频率振动特性,体现出"和频"成分。从相图角度来看,圆柱的多频率周期振动特性明显。     

振荡流下细长柔性圆柱涡激振动数值分析

涡激振动是造成立管疲劳破坏的最主要原因之一。目前,多数柔性圆柱涡激振动的数值模拟与模型试验,都是基于均匀流、剪切流和阶梯流等稳定流作用下,而振荡流作用下的柔性圆柱涡激振动研究相对较少。实际远洋深海情况下,细长柔性立管所处的海洋环境更为复杂,因而有必要深入研究复杂流场作用下的柔性圆柱涡激振动现象。该文采用切片法并基于开源Open FOAM平台开发的细长柔性立管流固耦合求解器viv-FOAM-SJTU,进行振荡流作用下细长柔性圆柱的涡激振动数值模拟。该文主要研究不同振荡流周期对细长柔性圆柱涡激振动的影响。数值模拟结果表明振荡周期与柔性圆柱涡激振动半振荡周期内的"锁定"区域大小密切相关,同时也观察到了间歇性涡激振动,模态跃迁等现象以及涡激振动的产生、锁定和消亡过程。     

利用分离盘控制隔水管涡激振动的数值模拟

涡激振动是导致深海隔水管疲劳失效的重要因素.为有效控制隔水管涡激振动,提出了利用分离盘控制涡激振动的方法.对加装0.25～2.0倍隔水管直径的分离盘后的隔水管流动进行了二维数值模拟.研究了亚临界状态下各种模型旋涡脱落的流场结构、脱落模态、隔水管升阻力系数和旋涡泄放频率的变化特征.结果表明:分离盘加装前与经典的实验和计算结果吻合很好;不同尺寸的分离盘对隔水管涡激振动控制效果具有明显差异;当分离盘的长度为1.0至1.5倍的隔水管直径时,平均阻力系数可以减小20%,尾迹涡街的频率也有了较大的减小,达到控制涡激振动的最优效果.     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的圆柱两自由度涡激振动的研究

该文采用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)对二维圆柱涡激振动问题进行了研究.圆柱动力响应求解采用Newmark 法,柱体附近使用多块(Multi-block)技术进行网格加密.综合分析了无量纲参数如折合阻尼SG、质量比M及频率比fn/fso等对圆柱两自由度涡激振动的影响,观察到了圆柱“8”字运动形态及其演化过程.研究结果表明:增大SG、M和fn/fso都能够抑制圆柱涡激振动响应,三者中质量比M对纵向位移的抑制效果更为明显;增大SG和M时位移2Ymax/D一直减小,而增大fn/fso,2Ymax/D会先增大再减小.     

带附加分隔板细长柔性立管涡激振动的数值模拟

海洋立管等非流线型结构物在恒定来流的持续作用下容易发生涡激振动(VIV),这会加速结构物的疲劳损伤,因此抑振措施的研究引起学者们的广泛关注。分隔板是一种有效抑制立管涡激振动的方法,学者们对其抑制机理和规律开展了大量研究工作。该文基于海洋立管求解器viv-FOAM-SJTU,并采用切片法模拟了Re=4000时均匀流来流条件下的光滑立管和附加不同长度分隔板立管的涡激振动,主要对比分析了不同工况下立管的频率响应、位移响应和脱涡模式等动力响应特性的变化规律。发现附加一定长度范围内的分隔板可对立管的涡激振动起到一定程度的抑制作用,且抑制效果与分隔板的长度密切相关,当分隔板长度与立管直径之比(L/D)增大到0.5时,立管振幅反而增大。     

串列条件下静止圆柱对振动圆柱的流致振动影响试验研究

利用圆柱群的流致振动进行海洋能发电是当前可再生能源研究的热点之一。由于多柱体绕流存在强烈的相互干扰作用,其流致振动与单圆柱有着明显的区别且运行过程中必然存在某些柱体损坏或停机的现象,对相邻圆柱产生巨大的影响。利用自循环水槽对串列条件下静止圆柱对振动圆柱的流致振动影响进行试验研究。考虑两种工况:(1)上游圆柱固定,下游圆柱可沿横流向自由振动;(2)下游圆柱固定,上游圆柱可沿横流向自由振动。结果表明:对于工况(1),当2.0≤L/D≤4.0时,固定上游圆柱对下游圆柱的振动响应起增强作用,当5.0≤L/D≤7.0时,固定上游圆柱对下游圆柱的振动响应起抑制作用;对于工况(2),当2.0≤L/D≤3.0时,固定下游圆柱对上游圆柱的振动响应起增强作用,当L/D=4.0时,固定下游圆柱对上游圆柱的振动响应起抑制作用。随着间距比的增大,振动圆柱的涡激振动(vortex induced vibration,VIV)上端分支范围逐渐减小。相比于工况(1),工况(2)中上游圆柱的振动响应对间距比更为敏感。     

变攻角双圆柱涡激振动响应研究

为了研究双圆柱在变攻角下的涡激振动机理,基于CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)耦合动力学及嵌套网格方法,建立了双自由度圆柱体涡激振动的高保真数值模型。通过与国内外实验数据对比,验证了数值模型及程序的准确性。然后,对雷诺数Re=0～8 000、约化速度U_r=2～13、来流攻角θ=0°～90°下圆柱体的振动响应、流体力特性、尾流模式开展了研究。仿真结果表明:当约化速度U_r=2～3时,随着来流攻角增加,上下游柱体横向位移差不断增大,柱体尾流模式经历了单钝体、2S(双单涡模式)、2S(同相同步或反相同步模式)的演变过程,此时柱体振幅较小;当U_r=4～8时,上下游柱体进入锁定区间,振幅均达到最大。与大攻角(θ=60°～90°)不同,由于小攻角下(θ=0°～30°)柱间存在较强的涡融合效应,相应的振幅较大些。特别的,受柱间屏蔽作用控制,小攻角下柱体最大振幅开始于更大的约化速度;当U_r=9～13时,大攻角下上下游柱体均脱离锁定区间,振幅与单圆柱趋于一致。相反,小攻角下柱体振动频率接近漩涡脱落频率,加之上游柱体尾流的单边促进作用,导致上下游柱体振幅一直处于较大值。研究结果可为相关海洋工程设计提供参考。     

OSCILLATION AMPLITUDE OF THE FREE END OF A FLEXIBLY MOUNTED RIGID CYLINDER IN TRIANGLE ARRANGEMENT

In this paper,the oscillation amplitude of the free end of a group of threecylinders are studied.The three cylinders are erected at the vertices of an equilateral trian-gle,and three arrangements are made in this study.One of the three cylinders is served asa working cylinder which is mounted by a flexible cantilever and two accelerometers areattached on the free end in two directions.The results of the three-cylinder arrangementare compared with those of two cylinders in tandem/side-by-side arrangement in the samecondition.The experimental results show that the rear cylinder of a group of three cylin-ders is affected more seriously than that of the corresponding two cylinders in the contrastarrangement.The main direction of oscillation is changed.The transversal oscillation isstronger than the longitudinal oscillation in the three-cylinder arrangement.On the con-trary,the transversal oscillation is much weaker than the longitudinal oscillation in two-cylinder arrangement.The largest transversal oscillat     

低雷诺数下并列双波浪柱尾迹干扰效应数值模拟

该文针对雷诺数Re=100下不同波长参数(/mλD=2、4、6和8)、不同间距比(1.5/3.5m≤L D≤)的并列双波浪柱后尾迹复杂的三维流动结构及干扰效应进行了数值研究。研究表明:三维并列双波浪柱在较小的间距比/1.5mL D=时,波峰对波谷排列的并列波浪柱后尾迹呈现明显偏置双稳流动结构,而波峰对波峰排列工况下基本呈现单一波浪型钝体后尾迹流动结构(尤其是在大波长/mλD=6和8时);当间距比/3mL D≥时,随着波长/mλD的增大,上下波浪柱各自呈现单波浪柱后尾迹流动结构;较大波长的三维波浪形状更好地组织了后尾迹三维流动结构,减少了并列双波浪柱后尾迹的相互干扰,从而减阻减振明显,最高减阻可达14.5%,脉动升力系数上下游波浪柱均趋于0.1。该研究可为近海工程的多立管结构及悬索桥的拉索振动抑制等提供理论支持。     

高雷诺数下串列双圆柱绕流的影响因素研究

针对串列双圆柱绕流问题进行了数值研究,利用Fluent软件建立二维数值模型,探究了不同柱体间距、不同柱体表面粗糙度对串列双圆柱阻力系数、升力系数、St数的影响。采用SST k-ω湍流模型,对雷诺数为1×10~6,柱体间距L/D分别为1.75、1.90、2.20、2.50,表面粗糙度Rh在0~0.5%D范围内的串列双圆柱进行数值模拟。结果表明:柱体间距L/D在1.75~2.50范围内,光滑柱体表面下,St数、后柱平均阻力系数会随着柱体间距的增加而增大;同时,柱体间距对升力系数振幅也存在极大影响。改变柱体表面粗糙度,会使柱体间距为1.75的串列双圆柱前柱平均阻力系数在Rh=0.2%D时降低7%,而各柱间距下的后柱平均阻力系数会随粗糙度的增加而减小。研究成果能够为河道桥梁建设和圆柱绕流理论研究提供基础数据。     

Vortex Induced Vibrations of Finned Cylinders

This article presents the results of a numerical simulation on the vortex induced vibration of various fumed cylinders at low Reynolds number. The non-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and continuity equation were adopted to simulate the fluid around the cylinder. The cylinder （with or without fins） in fluid flow was approximated as a mass-spring system. The fluid-body interaction of the cylinder with fins and uniform flow was numerically simulated by applying the displacement and stress iterative computation on the fluid-body interfaces. Both vortex structures and response amplitudes of cylinders with various arrangements of fins were analyzed and discussed. The remarkable decrease of response amplitude for the additions of Triangle60 fins and Quadrangle45 fins was found to be comparable with that of bare cylinder. However, the additions of Triangle00 fins and Quadrangle00 fins enhance the response amplitude greatly. Despite the assumption of two-dimensional laminar flow, the present study can give a good insight into the phenomena of cylinders with various arrangements of fins.     

2-D eddy resolving simulations of flow past a circular array of cylindrical plant stems

In the present study, 2-D large eddy simulations(LES) are conducted for flow past a porous circular array with a solid volume fraction(SVF) of 8.8%, 15.4% and 21.5%. Such simulations are relevant to understanding flow in natural streams and channels containing patches of emerged vegetation. In the simulations discussed in the paper, the porous cylinder of diameter D contains a variable number of identical solid circular cylinders(rigid plant stems) of diameter d= 0.048 D. Most of the simulations are conducted at a Reynolds number of 2 100 based on the diameter D and the velocity of the steady uniform incoming flow. Though in all cases wake billows are shed in the regions where the separated shear layers(SSLs) forming on the sides of the porous cylinder interact, the effect of these wake billows on the mean drag is different. While in the high SVF case(21.5%), the total drag force oscillates quasi-regularly in time, similar to the canonical case of a large solid cylinder, in the cases with a lower SVF the shedding of the wake billows takes place sufficiently far from the cylinder such that the unsteady component of the total drag force is negligible. The mean amplitude of the oscillations of the drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest in a streamwise band centered around the center of the porous cylinder, where the wake to wake interactions are the strongest. In all cases the maximum drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest for the cylinders directly exposed to the flow, but this force is always smaller than the one induced on a small isolated cylinder and the average magnitude of the force on the cylinders directly exposed to the flow decreases monotonically with the increase in the SVF. Predictions of the global drag coefficients, Strouhal numbers associated with the wake vortex shedding and individual forces on the cylinders in the array from the present LES are in very good agreement with those of 2-D direct numerical simulations conducted on finer meshes, which suggests LES is a better option to numerically investigate flow in channels containing canopy patches, given that LES is computationally much less expensive than DNS at high Reynolds number. To prove this point, the paper also discusses results of 2-D LES conducted at a much higher Reynolds number, where the near-wake flow is strongly turbulent. For the higher Reynolds number cases, where the influence of the turbulence model is important, the effect of the sub-grid scale model and the predictive capabilities of the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) approach to predict flow past porous cylinders are discussed.     

特征线算子分裂有限元的圆柱绕流大涡模拟

为研究圆柱绕流流场特性,将大涡模拟与特征线算子分裂有限元相结合,建立了大涡模拟特征线算子分裂有限元模型,对单圆柱和串列双圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟,所得结果与现有研究结果吻合较好。模拟结果表明:对单圆柱绕流,随着雷诺数的增大,圆柱近尾流区上下交替的涡旋逐渐靠近通过圆柱几何中心的水平线,且涡脱落位置逐渐靠近圆柱。对Re=1 000的串列双圆柱绕流,临界间距在圆柱直径的2.25~2.5倍之间;当两圆柱间距小于临界间距时,上游圆柱后方无明显涡旋脱落,间隙处压力较稳定;大于临界间距时,有涡旋脱落,上游圆柱尾流区上下表面交替出现强负压区。     

亚临界雷诺数下波浪型圆柱绕流的数值模拟及减阻研究

采用大涡模拟数值方法对亚临界雷诺数Re=3000下波浪型圆柱的绕流现象进行研究分析。研究结果表明,波浪型圆柱的三维尾迹涡结构能得到很好的控制,它在轴向方向呈现周期性正负涡的交替分布特性。随着幅值的增大,波浪型圆柱表面的自由剪切层得以延展,使得旋涡的脱落发生在波浪型圆柱下游较远处,从而达到减阻的目的。波浪型圆柱与普通直圆柱相比,其幅值对平均阻力系数及脉动升力系数的减少及尾迹控制有着更重要的影响,最大减阻可达16%。     

Vortex shedding in the flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders of different diameters

In this paper,the 3-D turbulent flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders of different diameters,at sub-critical Reynolds number(Re=3 900),is numerically simulated by the large eddy simulation(LES).The spacing ratios(T/D)between the two cylinders are considered in four cases(T/D=1.2,1.5,1.8 and 2.7)to study the vortex shedding and turbulent properties in the flow field.The main results are focused on the drag and lift coefficients,the vortex shedding frequency,the coherent structure,and the scale properties.It is shown that when T/D is equal to 1.2,the vortex shedding of the main cylinder is strongly suppressed by the small cylinder,the drag and lift coefficients of the main cylinder are smaller than those in other three cases.While T/D is equal to 1.5,the vortex shedding of the main cylinder can be improved,the drag and lift coefficients of the main cylinder are larger than those in other three cases.The empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method is applied to decompose the velocity signals traced by the LES.It is shown that there is a linear relationship between the mean period and the mode in the semi-log coordinates.The vortex shedding period of the main cylinder is consistent with the period of the restructured coherent structures quantitatively.     

不同长细比圆柱绕流的大涡模拟

自从人们对层流圆柱绕流现象有了系列研究及清楚的认识后,逐渐把目光投向湍流的圆柱绕流问题,但高雷诺数下的圆柱绕流具有很强的三维特性,因此在数值计算时模型轴向长度的选取是大家关心的问题。该文基于开源软件OpenFOAM运用LES计算了4种不同长细比圆柱的静止圆柱绕流(包括一个二维算例),重点分析和对比了结果中的一些基础参数如St数、平均阻力系数等,与实验结果吻合良好。文中还进一步分析了时均顺流向速度U在流场中沿流向和横向的分布,发现长细比为π的圆柱算例中,计算域的轴向尺度已经能满足圆柱下游靠近圆柱处的流场中的三维结构的发展。