全固态汞离子选择电极的研究

汞是剧毒物质,易对水环境造成严重的污染,研发适合现场在线检测汞的技术非常必要。通过2个阶段的固相反应合成了一种全固态离子选择电极,电极成分为AgI,Ag2S和HgI,该电极对二价汞离子具有选择性,线性范围为10-110-5mol/L,斜率为29.3 mV/decade,pH适用范围为02,检测下限为3.31×10-6mol/L,响应时间小于3m in。     

血药测定仪

血药浓度的检测能指导临床治疗,从经验性治疗转向科学性治疗,此项工作的开展能减少药物毒副作用的危险,防止毒效发生,要想开展好这项工作,必需具有科学的测试手段,目前已有一些仪器和方法:放射免疫法、火焰光度法、离子选择性电极、生物电化学传感器、离子敏传感器及微生物传感器等,本章重点讨论离子选择电极、生物电化学传感器、离子敏传感器在血液检测中所发挥的功能。     

高分子功能材料及在传感器中的应用──高分子离子敏传感器(连载三)

叙述了离子传感器（离子选择性电极）的发展、工作原理及分类．对有机高分子体系离子交换液膜电极、中性载体液膜电极、离子敏场效应管（ISFET）的特性进行了介绍。     

香草醛缩氨基硫脲为中性载体的铬离子选择性电极的研究

合成了香草醛缩氨基硫脲并以此做中性载体研制了PVC膜铬离子选择性电极。在pH=3.0的硝酸体系中,电极电位呈现近能斯特响应,线性响应范围为3.0×10-5～1×10-1mol/L,斜率为20.8mV/dec(20℃),检测下限为1.5×10-5mol/L。电极具有较好的稳定性和重现性。该电极用于EDTA的电位滴定其结果令人满意。     

基于光固化膜布洛芬离子选择性电极的研究

本文以二丙烯酸脂肪族尿烷酯低聚物为基料,采用光固化法研制布洛芬离子选择性电极.实验中对电极的内导体和膜的成分进行了优化,优化后的膜与PVC比较具有较高的机械强度和较强的附着力,电极对布洛芬离子的线性响应范围为5.6×10-5～1.8×10-2mol/L,检测下限6.2×10-6mol/L,电极斜率54.3mV/decade,对常见阴离子电位选择性系数进行了测定,电极具有较好的选择性,在用于药物布洛芬的测定中获得满意的结果.     

戊二醛偶联组氨酸修饰金电极测定铜离子的研究

本文主要研究了一种基于戊二醛偶联组氨酸修饰金电极的方法 ,并以该修饰电极为工作电极利用方波伏安法建立了一种检测痕量铜离子的新方法。在铜溶液中搅拌富集 ,铜离子与修饰电极表面的组氨酸形成配合物吸附在电极表面 ,在磷酸缓冲液 (pH 6 8)中 ,该配合物具有良好的电化学响应。在对不同浓度的铜离子进行检测时发现在 1× 10 - 1 2 ～ 1 8× 10 - 1 1 mol/L和 5× 10 - 7～ 2 1× 10 - 5mol/L之间方波伏安还原峰电流与铜离子浓度呈现良好的线性关系 ,其最低检测限可达 0 5× 10 - 1 2 mol/L ,并对可能的检测机理进行了探讨     

基于复杂多壁碳纳米管衍生物为载体的痕量铝离子电极的研究及其在环境中的应用

该文报道了一种新的基于复杂多壁碳纳米管衍生物为载体的铝离子碳糊电极。引入的碳糊电极,在很大程度上改善了铝离子电极的线性范围、检出限、pH值范围及响应时间等。此外,该电极具有较高选择性和较长的使用时间（超过3个月）。该文课题组选择分离溶液法（ssM）测定铝离子碳糊电极的选择性系数,该电极对铝离子具有很好的选择性。重要的是．该文课题组采用交流阻抗法和紫外一可见光谱技术研究了电极的响应机理。最后,该电极被成功地应用于环境样品中铝离子浓度的测定。     

基于双核酞菁铜为中性载体的水杨酸根选择性电极的研究

合成了一种双核酞菁铜的衍生物,并将其用于离子选择性电极的敏感材料,制备出了基于该载体的水杨酸根离子(Sal-)选择性电极.该电极对Sal-呈现出良好的选择性和近能斯特电位响应性能.电极斜率为-56.5 mV/dec,线性范围为1.0×10-1～2.2×10-6mol/L,检测下限8.9×10-7mol/L.该电极用于了阿司匹林药片中水杨酸含量的分析,结果令人满意.     

原位铋修饰掺硼金刚石电极检测分析锌离子

以原位铋修饰掺硼金刚石(BDD)电极为传感电极对锌离子进行检测分析,方法迅速、简便、绿色环保.相对裸电极原位铋修饰BDD电极,锌离子响应电流信号有较大提高.考察了扫描方式、铋离子浓度、电极硼掺杂浓度对锌离子传感分析的影响,优化了传感分析中脉冲频率和尺寸、支持电解液pH值、沉积电位、沉积时间等参数.锌离子浓度与溶出峰电流值在50~300μg/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9979,检出限为2.32μg/L.电极表现出较好的重复性.常见离子除铜离子对锌离子测定有很大干扰外,其他离子干扰相对较小.     

用SiC电极作离子选择电极 分析中参考电极的实验报导

在电分析化学、离子敏传感技术等领域中,广泛应用ISE、ISFET电极作传感器的探头.但在使用ISE、ISFET电极的测量中,需要一个与之比较的参考电极,目前普遍采用的是甘汞电极或银氯化银电极.甘汞电极系由玻璃材质和氯化钾溶液构成.因玻璃易破碎,氯化钾溶液又有沿器壁爬行而外溢、高温极易挥发等缺点,故在高温或有撞击的现场,甘汞电极尚不是理想的参考电极.对非氯离子体系,如用银氯化银电极为参考电极也有困难.因此,探索一种既克服甘汞电极、银氯化银等参考电极的弱点,又能和ISE,ISFET配套使用的全固态参考电极—碳化硅电极是有现实意义的.     

磷酸根离子选择电极研究进展

简述了水质总磷传统检测方法中存在的问题,突出了磷酸根离子选择电极法检测的优越性。主要概括总结了国内外在开发液态磷酸根离子选择电极和固态磷酸根离子选择电极两个方面的研究的发展现状;讨论了在开发磷酸根离子选择电极中面临的挑战与机遇。     

Multiionophore-based solid-state potentiometric ion sensor as a cation detector for ion chromatography

A new solvent/polymeric multiion-selective membrane electrode is described for use as a flow-through detector in ion chromatography. Unlike conventional ion-selective membranes that utilize only one type of ionophore, the multiion-selective membranes incorporate several different ionophores. In this study, a K⁺/NH₄⁺/Na⁺/Ca²⁺ selective membrane has been prepared by incorporating four different neutral-carrier ionophores in a strongly adhesive polyurethane matrix. This membrane is cast on solid electrode surfaces, with no internal electrolyte solution, to form solid-state multiion sensors. The detection characteristics of the multiionophore membranes, which are controlled by the amounts and ratios of the ionophores they contain, are examined in a flow-injection arrangement. The sensors have been demonstrated in the target application, a flow-through ion chromatography system.     

一种磷酸根离子选择电极的测量与补偿

研究了基于金属钴作为敏感材料制成的磷酸根离子选择电极,设计了一种与之配套使用的数据采集系统,用于动态记录和显示被测溶液的电势响应。通过实验建立了以磷酸根离子选择电极的响应电势和溶液pH值为自变量,离子浓度为因变量的数学模型。实验结果表明:建立的模型能很好地拟合响应过程曲线,补偿pH值变化对电极测量的影响,为磷酸根离子选择电极的开发和应用提供了依据。     

液态电极发射光谱技术在金属离子检测中应用的研究

研究了采用液态电极等离子体光谱技术来实现金属离子检测的新方法。所建立的测试系统由如下部分组成:被测溶液构成的液态电极、固态对电极、高压发生装置和便携式光谱仪等。液态电极的优点是可以在常温常压下产生放电,并且也不需要复杂的液态样品进样系统,在现场检测等方面具有较大的应用前景。文中研究了放电的各种参数,如放电电压、放电电流、溶液pH值等对元素的光谱发射效率的影响。采用该测试系统,对Na 的检测限为0.1mg/L,而对Li ,K ,Mg2 ,Ca2 等离子的检测限为1mg/L。     

基于聚苯胺/氧化钴的磷酸根修饰电极研究

研究了一种基于聚苯胺/氧化钴的磷酸根修饰电极。该电极以玻碳电极为基底电极,以掺杂钴离子的聚苯胺为电极敏感膜。通过实验比较,得到对磷酸二氢根响应较好的钴离子掺杂浓度。制成的电极能斯特响应线性范围在10－1～10－4 mol/L,斜率为－27.1 mV/dec,检测下限为9.3×10－5 mol/L;电极具有较短的响应时间,很好的稳定性和重复性,对磷酸根的检测具有一定的研究意义。     

伏安型电子舌对不同品种中药材的检测

中药在我国卫生体系中占有非常重要的地位,其质量好坏对人们的健康至关重要.提出了应用伏安型电子舌对不同品种的中药材进行分类鉴别研究.采用差分脉冲伏安法和方波伏安法,分别以玻碳电极和金电极作为工作电极来检测被识别样品,并利用主成分分析法对其检测后的数据进行分析.结果显示:同种实验方法下应用双电极体系检测的识别结果要优于单电极体系检测的识别结果,不同实验方法下基于差分脉冲伏安法检测的识别结果要优于基于方波伏安法检测的识别结果.应用伏安型电子舌对中药材进行检测能够很好地区分不同品种的中药材,为伏安型电子舌系统在中药材领域的研究提供了一定的基础.     

Potentiometric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer for determination of melamine in milk

A polymeric membrane ion-selective electrode for determination of melamine is described in this paper. It is based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for selective recognition, which can be synthesized by using melamine as a template molecule, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linking agent. The membrane electrode shows near-Nernstian response (54 mV/decade) to the protonated melamine over the concentration range of 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.0 × 10⁻² mol L⁻¹. The electrode exhibits a short response time of 16 s and can be stable for more than 2 months. Combined with flow analysis system, the potentiometric sensor has been successfully applied to the determination of melamine in milk samples. Interference from high concentrations of ions co-existing in milk samples such as K⁺ and Na⁺ can be effectively eliminated by on-line introduction of anion- and cation-exchanger tandem columns placed upstream, while melamine existing as neutral molecules in milk of pH 6.7 can flow through the ion-exchanger columns and be measured downstream by the proposed electrode in an acetate buffer solution of pH 3.7.     

Performance evaluation of copper ion selective electrode based on cyanocopolymers

A copper(II) ion selective electrode based on copper(II) salicylaniline Schiff's base complex in styrene-co-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) has been developed. The SAN-based membrane electrode containing copper(II)–Schiff's base complex, dioctylphthalate as plasticizer and sodium tetraphenylborate as an anion excluder exhibited a linear response with a Nerstian slope of 30 mV decade⁻¹ within the concentration range of 10⁻⁶–10⁻² mol dm⁻³ of Cu²⁺ ions. The prepared electrode has an average response time of 15 s to achieve 95% steady potential for Cu²⁺ concentration ranging from 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻² mol dm⁻³. The electrode has shown a detection limit of 10⁻⁷ mol dm⁻³ of Cu²⁺ ion with an average lifetime of 6 months. The selectivity of electrode for Cu²⁺ ion has been found to be better in comparison to other various interfering ions. The electrode is suitable for use within the pH range of 2.0–7.0 at 1.0×10⁻³ mol dm⁻³ of Cu²⁺ ion. The prepared electrode can be used successfully as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of the Cu²⁺ ion using EDTA.     

Ensemble Learning for Chemical Sensor Arrays

Electrochemical sensors, like ion-selective field transistors (ISFET), are electronic devices that merge solid-state electronic technology with chemical sensors so as to be sensitive to the concentration of a particular ion in a solution. However, as it has been previously reported, their response does not only depend on a single ion but also is affected by several interfering ions found in the solution to be measured. These interfering ions can be considered as noise and consequently, a post-processing stage that increases the SNR is obligatory. Our work shows how ensemble learning methods could be used in an array of chemical sensors in order to deal with this problem. In particular, we introduce a novel neural learning architecture for ISFET arrays, which employ ISFET models as prior knowledge. The proposed ensemble learning systems are RBF-like solutions based on bagging and optimal linear combination. Several experimental results are included, which demonstrate the interest and viability of the proposed solution.