板壳结构振动功率流的子结构线导纳法研究

采用子结构点导纳方法分析铺壳耦合结构振动特性时,需要将衔接线划分为一系列的点进行求解,较为烦琐.针对这一问题,该文提出了改进的子结构线导纳方法.首先建立了铺板和圆柱壳的耦合振动模型;然后采用模态展开法分别求解铺板和圆柱壳的机械线导纳,得到振动传递方程中的线导纳矩阵;最后求解耦合振动方程分析铺板与圆柱壳的振动功率流特性.将结果分别与ANSYS 和AutoSEA 的计算结果进行对比分析表明:该文提出的改进方法能够在宽频带内有效地计算板壳耦合结构的振动功率流特性,且求解过程简单,适于线衔接复杂结构的振动特性分析.     

超弹性柔性结构与流体耦合运动的浸入边界法研究

浸入边界法是模拟大变形柔性弹性结构和粘性流体相互作用的重要数值方法之一。该文有效结合传统的反馈力方法和混合有限元浸入边界方法,对圆柱和方柱绕流后柔性悬臂梁流固耦合振动问题进行数值模拟。其中,固体采用超弹性材料,利用有限单元法求解,流体为不可压缩牛顿流体,使用笛卡尔自适应加密网格,利用有限差分法进行求解。通过数值计算,得到柔性超弹性结构的耦合振动特性和流场动态分布特性,并将计算结果同其他文献计算结果进行比较,验证了该耦合计算方法的可靠性。     

板壳结构振动特性的等效机械导纳法

针对线衔接下耦合结构振动传递难以求解的问题,提出具有普遍意义的等效机械导纳方法。以铺板与圆柱壳线衔接结构模型为研究对象,计算各结构的平均振动响应,并与实验结果进行对比,理论计算与实验测试结果一致性良好。研究表明：提出的等效机械导纳法能够有效地计算板壳耦合结构的振动响应特性,且求解过程简单,适于复杂耦合系统振动分析。     

强耦合法在膜结构风振流固耦合分析中的程序实现与应用

研究强耦合整体方法在膜结构风振流固耦合效应分析中的程序实现与应用。基于强耦合整体式方程,介绍了采用Fortran语言编写膜结构流固耦合效应计算程序的实现过程,以及程序实现中需要的数值计算方法。对计算程序中的重要求解步骤进行了分析,介绍了相应程序的实现过程。最后将强耦合整体方法计算程序应用于典型膜结构的风振流固耦合计算中,得到了结构在不同风向角下考虑和不考虑耦合效应时的风压系数,其结果与已有风洞试验结果基本一致。同时计算了膜结构的风振响应和周围流场的分布。结果证明提出的强耦合整体方法程序适用于计算膜结构风振中的流固耦合效应,结果正确可靠     

输水管道流固耦合振动数值计算

采用特征线法对输水管道流固耦合振动响应进行数值计算,管道的运动采用4-方程模型描述。研究管道分段时所采用的波速对数值计算结果的影响,以及管道结构阻尼对系统响应的影响。结果表明:采用特征线法求解输水管道系统流固耦合振动响应时,应采用最小波速对管道分段;管道的结构阻尼对系统响应的影响大于液体与管道之间的摩擦阻尼,可以使系统的振动快速衰减。     

基于松耦合法的π型主梁竖向涡振数值模拟

借助软件FLUENT,基于松耦合方法将自编Newmark-β 算法程序对接FLUENT求解流固耦合问题的数值模拟方法。通过对宽高比为4 的矩形断面竖向涡激振动进行数值模拟验证了该方法的可靠性。利用ANSYS建立某拟建汉江斜拉桥的三维有限元动力模型,获取其主要动力基频特性以及质量参数。建立二维π梁断面绕流模型,计算在不同来流风速下该桥梁断面竖向自由度的振幅以及旋涡脱落频率变化情况,模拟出涡激振动的“锁定”区间,并分析某完整周期内梁断面的瞬时涡脱变化以及竖向涡振机理。     

采用快速动网格技术的时空同步流固耦合算法

为了减少流固耦合计算时间,发展了一种时空同步流固耦合算法。在每一次耦合迭代中,首先求解RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes)方程,然后采用本课题组所提出的快速动网格技术计算结构及流场网格节点位移,并更新流场网格,实现流场与结构振动的空间同步求解。在每一时间步,通过多次耦合迭代,使流场计算收敛,同时保证结构振动计算的收敛,实现流场与结构振动的时间同步求解。采用该算法对弹性梁流固耦合振动及Wing 445.6颤振问题进行了研究,计算结果与文献中的结果一致。与已有文献的时间同步算法相比,此算法可以减少计算时间81.2%。     

梁索耦合结构的风致涡激振动

新建了一个描述梁索耦合结构风致纵向平面涡激振动的非线性偏微分方程组.通过Galerkin方法将此偏微分方程组化为时域上的非线性常微分方程组.用多尺度法求解了所得的常微分方程组,得到了结构在风的涡激频率和结构固有频率接近情况下的一次近似解.分析结果显示,结构在任意模态的振动均包含两个振动频率.当风的涡激频率接近结构的固有频率时,结构振幅突然快速增大.这和Tacoma桥上观察到的涡激振动情况一致.所得到的一次近似解和分析方法可以为实际工程中梁索耦合结构的风致涡激振动提供简便的验算方法.     

阻流板管跨结构涡激振动耦合简化模型

管跨结构的涡激振动分析是海底管线疲劳分析和安全评价的重要环节.然而对于带阻流板的管跨结构,由于其结构的特殊性,导致流场在绕流过程中产生的升力系数具有明显的非对称性.传统涡激振动的研究方法,无论是否考虑液固耦合作用,都无法考虑升力的非对称性.本文针对带阻流板的管跨结构特点,提出了升力系数幅值和升力系数附加值的概念,升力系数幅值主要描述升力的对称性,升力系数附加值主要描述升力的非对称性.另外针对带阻流板的管跨结构提出了考虑液固耦合条件下的简化计算模型,并通过算例说明其应用.     

离心泵作透平流体诱发外场噪声特性及贡献分析

以某离心泵作透平为研究对象,对流体诱发的外场噪声特性进行了数值计算和试验研究。在典型流量下,采用雷诺时均方法获取壁面偶极子声源,并利用FEM/AML方法求解出叶轮和壳体偶极子源作用的流动噪声,基于声振耦合法计算出流体激励结构振动产生的外场流激噪声,分析不同性质噪声源的频谱特性,同时评估外场声源在各个频段下的贡献量。借助模态试验对透平壳体结构的模态参数进行了识别。结果表明,计算与试验振型近似,固有频率平均相对误差小于4.60%。结构的影响使得外场五阶叶频处声压最高,二阶叶频处次之。壳体偶极子作用的流激噪声对外场噪声的贡献最大,其次是壳体偶极子作用的流动噪声,叶轮偶极子作用的流激噪声对外场噪声贡献最小。研究结果为低噪声叶轮机械设计提供了一定的参考。     

混流式水轮机转轮叶片流激振动分析

结合小变形弹性理论和不可压缩粘性流体的最大功率耗散原理构造流体-叶片系统的功率泛函,通过广义变分原理建立了混流式水轮机转轮叶片在非定常湍流场中考虑流体-结构相互作用(FSI)的有限元模型,计算叶片在FSI情况下的流激振动。数值计算采用分离迭代格式,流动用大涡模拟(LES),叶片振动用直接积分法。试验模型以某型水轮机为原型设计制作,在一片叶片的正面和负面上分别装有5只Kulite的压力传感器,在另一片叶片上装有3只微加速度传感器。计算得到的叶片自振频率、频谱曲线以及加速度时程与试验实测结果是吻合的。     

The enriched space–time finite element method (EST) for simultaneous solution of fluid–structure interaction

The paper introduces a weighted residual‐based approach for the numerical investigation of the interaction of fluid flow and thin flexible structures. The presented method enables one to treat strongly coupled systems involving large structural motion and deformation of multiple‐flow‐immersed solid objects. The fluid flow is described by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The current configuration of the thin structure of linear elastic material with non‐linear kinematics is mapped to the flow using the zero iso‐contour of an updated level set function. The formulation of fluid, structure and coupling conditions uniformly uses velocities as unknowns. The integration of the weak form is performed on a space–time finite element discretization of the domain. Interfacial constraints of the multi‐field problem are ensured by distributed Lagrange multipliers. The proposed formulation and discretization techniques lead to a monolithic algebraic system, well suited for strongly coupled fluid–structure systems. Embedding a thin structure into a flow results in non‐smooth fields for the fluid. Based on the concept of the extended finite element method, the space–time approximations of fluid pressure and velocity are properly enriched to capture weakly and strongly discontinuous solutions. This leads to the present enriched space–time (EST) method. Numerical examples of fluid–structure interaction show the eligibility of the developed numerical approach in order to describe the behavior of such coupled systems. The test cases demonstrate the application of the proposed technique to problems where mesh moving strategies often fail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coupled in-line and transverse flow-induced structural vibration: Higher order harmonic solutions

Coupling of in-line and transverse flow-induced vibration can be significant in several structural engineering applications. In this study, a particular model already proposed in the literature is adopted. The relevant equations of this model feature nonlinearities and coupling between the two components of motion. The level of coupling depends on the relative properties of the flow and the structure. A harmonic balance technique is used to obtain an equivalent coupled system of linear equations. Higher order harmonics can be readily treated, yielding a quite general formulation which can be tailored to match the available computational resources. A parametric study is conducted using the proposed technique, and insight regarding the significance of the coupling of the two components of motion on the overall structural response is obtained. The proposed technique is applicable to any other refined model of coupling of in-line and transverse flow-induced vibration which may become available based on theoretical or experimental fluid mechanics developments.     

变截面管道流噪声数值计算

采用变分形式的Lighthill声类比方程来定量地求解管路内流噪声。数值计算主要分为两步:第一步通过精细的流场网格计算非定常的噪声源;第二步将声源结果守恒插值至声学网格,并通过有限元法计算声传播。在非定常流场计算中采用大涡模拟(LES)湍流模型,以获取噪声源。与试验值对比发现数值计算结果与试验结果趋势一致,从而验证了计算结果的合理性。研究结果表明,在分析原截面突缩管的主要噪声源分布后,优化管截面获得很好的降噪效果。     

流体诱导弹性管束振动响应数值分析

基于流固耦合问题的弱耦合法,研究弹性管束不同流速的壳程或/和管程流体诱导下的振动响应。研究表明,流体诱导振动幅值随壳程或/和管程流速的增加而增加。与相同管程流速条件相比,壳程流体引起的振幅较大。随壳程流速增加监测点振动频率增加;随管程流速增加监测点振动频率基本不变。壳、管程流体耦合诱导的振动位移曲线与仅壳程流体诱导的振动位移曲线类似,说明弹性管束工作过程中的振动主要由壳程流体诱导。流体诱导的振动频率接近管束第一阶固有频率时,监测点在y、z方向振幅逐渐趋于峰值。流体诱导弹性管束的振动主要表现为面内振动。     

Numerical modeling of complex interactions between underwater shocks and composite structures

To study the complex interactions between underwater shocks and composite structures, a strongly coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical solver is developed. The coupled numerical solver consists of an Eulerian fluid solver, a Lagrangian solid solver, a one-fluid cavitation model, and an interface capturing scheme. The interface capturing scheme features a fluid characteristics method and a modified ghost fluid method (MGFM). The MGFM is reformulated for fluid–solid coupling by treating simultaneously the fluid characteristics equation and the solid equation of motion to determine the interface variables, leading to a strongly coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian scheme. Various components of the numerical solver are first individually tested and validated. The strongly coupled solver is then applied to realistic shock-structure interaction problems involving composite structures. The accuracy of the coupled solver is demonstrated via comparison with numerical predictions and experimental observations available in literature. Finally, the validated coupled numerical solver is utilized to study the effectiveness of a proof-of-concept shock mitigation scheme.     

推进剂与贮箱液固耦合振动的动力学分析

分析液体燃料运载火箭的推进剂及贮箱的耦合振动时,为了精确建模、工程化快速计算及为火箭整体系统提供液固耦合燃料系统等效模态参数,根据有限元方法得到包含液体节点压力和结构节点位移的非对称形式的耦合动力学方程组,将表征液体运动的节点压力缩聚到液体自由面,使得方程对称化。通过等价Laplace方程边值问题的求解,得到耦合动力学方程中液体对结构的附加质量矩阵、附加刚度矩阵及耦合项。简易贮箱液固耦合模态分析的算例结果表明,该分析方法能够精确、快速地获得液固耦合系统的模态频率等动力学特性。从而使得高效率的液固耦合动力学分析在工程上应用成为可能,并为运载火箭等复杂液固耦合结构的有限元建模由简化模型向三维精确模型建立和工程化应用建立了基础。     

湍流边界层激励下平板振动响应相似性研究

对流激平板的振动试验设计与响应预报作了分析与探讨。验证了湍流脉动压力自功率的归一化方法在不同流体介质间的适用性。对平板流激响应,考虑流体负载并采用模态叠加法进行计算。通过原始模型与缩比模型响应之间的对比,提出一种平板响应间的换算方法。换算结果表明,该方法可以实现同种介质湍流边界层激励下的平板响应之间的换算。对不同外流场介质的平板流激响应,用该方法可实现理论上的换算。该研究结果对水下结构物流激响应预报有实际意义。     

Partitioned vibration analysis of internal fluid‐structure interaction problems

A partitioned, continuum‐based, internal fluid–structure interaction (FSI) formulation is developed for modeling combined sloshing, acoustic waves, and the presence of an initial pressurized state. The present formulation and its computer implementation use the method of localized Lagrange multipliers to treat both matching and non‐matching interfaces. It is shown that, with the context of continuum Lagrangian kinematics, the fluid sloshing and acoustic stiffness terms originate from an initial pressure term akin to that responsible for geometric stiffness effects in solid mechanics. The present formulation is applicable to both linearized vibration analysis and nonlinear FSI transient analysis provided that a convected kinematics is adopted for updating the mesh geometry in a finite element discretization. Numerical examples illustrate the capability of the present procedure for solving coupled vibration and nonlinear sloshing problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coupling lattice Boltzmann and material point method for fluid-solid interaction problems involving massive deformation

This paper presents a coupling lattice Boltzmann and material point method (LBMPM) for fluid-solid interaction problems involving massive deformation. The convected particle domain interpolation-based material point method is adopted to solve the structure responses due to the particularly advantage on dynamic massive deformation simulations and the lattice Boltzmann method is utilized for its reliability and simplicity to simulate the complex fluid flow. The coupling strategy for these two methods is based on the consistent conditions with respect to displacement, velocity, and force, respectively, on the interface between fluid and solid parts, including the unified interpolation bounce-back scheme for curved boundaries, the Galilean invariant momentum exchange method for hydrodynamic forces, the force imposing strategy particularly for massive deformation, and the refilling algorithm for moving boundaries. There is no remeshing operation needed in the proposed LBMPM for both solid and fluid parts even when solid massive deformation and fluid complex flow are considered. Three representative numerical examples are carried out and the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed LBMPM is capable of simulate complex bidirectional fluid-solid interaction processes with the superiority for the problems involving solid dynamic large deformation behaviors and complex fluid flow.