同向双螺杆挤出过程不同螺杆构型的混合性能分析

利用POLYFLOW有限元分析软件列同向双螺杆挤出过程不同螺杆组合的流道进行了三维等温非牛顿流场模拟，通过计算结果后处理，分析了全正向螺纹流道、全正向捏合盘流道、全反向捏合盘流道等6种不同螺杆构型的分布混合性能和分散混合性能。     

聚丙烯/无机纳米粒子在双螺杆挤出机内的分散混合效果数值模拟

采用三维有限元数值模拟方法,研究了聚丙烯(PP)/无机纳米粒子在双螺杆挤出机的三种螺杆组合元件流道内的分散混合效果。通过对比分析三种螺杆组合下无机纳米粒子的剪切应力和剪切速率、停留时间分布及粒径分布等结果,发现含错列角45°捏合块的螺杆组合对其流场中大部分粒子的剪切作用最强,含错列角60°捏合块的螺杆组合次之,含错列角90°捏合块的螺杆组合最弱。与另两种螺杆组合相比,含错列角45°捏合块的螺杆组合流场中,无机纳米粒子团聚体的数量最少,剥离出的碎片数量最多,即在含错列角45°捏合块的螺杆组合条件下无机纳米粒子在PP熔体中的分散效果最好。     

齿形盘元件对粒子分散性影响的仿真

基于Polyflow软件对含有不同数量齿形盘元件的三种螺杆构型进行了等温挤出模拟,并使用粒子示踪法,从分布混合和分散混合两方面评估了齿形盘元件对填料粒子分散情况所产生的影响。结果显示：分散混合方面,反向齿形盘对其影响不大;分布混合方面,齿形盘具有比其他元件更高的混合效率,是螺纹元件和捏合块元件的1.2～2倍;齿形盘个数的增加会增强螺杆的径向混合性能,但会减弱螺杆的轴向混合性能;当齿形盘元件为3组时,其混合效果最佳,有利于填料粒子的分散。     

同向双螺杆熔融段螺杆组合对共混物相态变化的影响

研究了双螺杆熔融段不同螺杆组合对模型聚合物共混体系HDPE/PS相态变化的影响。发现错列角为正向30°及正向60°的捏合块具有较好的输送能力,但不利于物料的熔融和混合;90°错列角捏合块对共混物具有很好的熔融和混合效果,其混合性能甚至优于反向30°捏合块,接近反向60°捏合块;及向螺纹元件对共混物相态变化影响显著。     

新型捏合盘元件不同螺杆构型混合性能的数值模拟

采用POLYFLOW模拟软件分析了啮合同向双螺杆挤出机中新型捏合盘元件下物料的流动模式。考察了新型捏合盘元件的斜棱旋向、捏合块组合的错列角对物料在流道中的剪切速率、出入口压差以及回流量的影响。数值模拟分析结果表明:4种新型捏合块构型的输送特性和混合性能均有所不同。在正向输送能力方面,右旋正向捏合块更佳,在分布、分散混合性能方面,左旋反向捏合块更佳,并且捏合块的正反向比单片捏合块的螺旋方向在输送能力、混合性能上影响更大。     

差速非对称同向双螺杆挤出机内局部停留时间分布测试

基于自主研制的可视化差速非对称双螺杆挤出设备,以羧甲基纤维素钠作为模拟挤出流体,采用配置的氯化钠–羧甲基纤维素钠溶液作为脉冲示踪剂,提出了一种与挤出速度同步的拉膜法测试停留时间分布的方法,通过电导率测试完成停留时间分布规律的测量。在全充满的状态下,研究不同螺杆元件单元及不同转速、产量等加工参数下的局部停留时间分布。结果表明,当转速和产量不变时,反向捏合盘平均停留时间最大,停留时间分布曲线最平缓,比其它螺杆元件类型表现出更好的混合效果;不同错列角对停留时间分布影响不大;产量不变时,随着转速的提升,捏合盘单元平均停留时间下降,混合效率提升;相同的转速下,产量的提高导致混合效率下降;停留时间分布对示踪剂的注射位置敏感性强,暗示流道非对称明显。     

双螺杆挤出共混物分散相粒子的分散和分布（Ⅱ）：捏合盘错列角的影响

采用同向啮合双螺杆挤出机的不同螺杆组合形式,研究了捏合错列角对双螺杆挤出聚合物共混物表层和内层分散相粒子粒径及其分布的影响。发现螺杆后段采用不同错列角的捏合盘,对于分散相粒子尺寸和分布状态都有明显影响。在塑化区多段式组合的后段采用剪切强、停留时间长的捏合盘(K45°、K60°),可有效地减小分散相粒子尺寸但分布状态不理想;使用 K30°的捏合盘时,分散相粒子分布状态最佳;整体两段式螺杆的前段混合段中设置 K45°捏合盘,有利于分散相含量较少情况下粒子的尺寸及分布的均匀性的提高。     

铝粉高填充材料混合流场数值模拟及实验研究

应用Polyflow软件模拟计算了4种总长度为440 mm的螺杆熔体混合段内铝粉高填充复合材料的三维混合流场。通过对各个螺杆组合流道的剪切速率、剪切应力、轴向速度分布等指标进行分析,研究了这4种螺杆组合的流场分布规律和混合性能;分别对每个螺杆组合上的不同元件的混合特性进行直观的对比。数值模拟与实验分析结果表明,带有反向螺纹元件和捏合块的螺杆对填充材料中的超细铝粉具有更优的综合混合能力。     

啮合同向双螺杆挤出机中新型螺杆元件S型元件与捏合块元件的性能对比研究

应用FEM模拟计算了啮合员向双螺杆挤出机正反向螺纹组合的新型螺杆元件S型元件与捏合块元件的流场，考查了两种元件流场的特性，对比了两种元件流场的挤出特性、分散和分布混合能力。得出在相同有操作条件下，相同外径的S型元件和捏合盘元件相比具有相当的分散混合能力、更加优异的分布混合能力和更加优异的生产能力的结论。     

啮合同向双螺杆捏合块元件混合效果的数值模拟分析与实验研究

对啮合同向双螺杆捏合块元件的动态流场进行了流场模拟与统计学分析，并对分析结果进行了实验验证。通过宽、窄捏合块两种螺杆元件的动态流场模拟，应用统计学分析方法计算了两种流场的停留时间分布、最大剪切速率分布以及固定百分比粒子经受的剪切速率分布随时间的变化。得出了宽捏合块元件的分散混合能力高于窄捏合块的结论，这一结论与实验结果较为一致。     

Effects of screw configurations on the grafting of maleic anhydride grafted low-density polyethylene in reactive extrusion

The effects of screw configurations, that is, the staggering angles and disc widths of the kneading blocks, on grafting reactive extrusion for maleic anhydride grafted low-density polyethylene were investigated in a corotating twin-screw extruder. Samples were collected from three positions along the screw and the die exit. The grafting degree (GD) of the specimens was evaluated by titration. It was found that the kneading block configurations had a significant influence on the grafting reactive extrusion. In addition, another three groups of extrusion experiments were performed to explore the intrinsic relationship between the GD, the degree of fill in the screw channel, the residence time distribution (RTD), and the mixing intensity in various screw configurations. The experimental results indicated that the location of the melting endpoint significantly affected the position at which the reaction began; the degree of fill, RTD, and mixing performance of the screw played important roles in the grafting reaction. The reverse kneading blocks with a narrow disc width, which had a high degree of fill and good mixing capacity, enhanced the increase in GD along the screw during the reactive extrusion. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Relationship between local residence time and distributive mixing in sections of a twin‐screw extruder

Local residence time and distributive mixing were measured in conveying sections and kneading blocks of a twin screw‐extruder. The residence time measurements were completed using carbon black as the tracer and an infrared temperature probe to detect the temperature decrease caused by the changing surface emissivity. The validity of this experimental technique was extensively evaluated. A mixing limited interfacial reaction between polymer tracers was used to directly measure the distributive mixing in the twin‐screw extruder. Possible relationships between mixing and residence time in the sections of the twin‐screw extruder were investigated by combining these two measurements. Distributive mixing in conveying sections was related to the local average residence time and the fill. In contrast, distributive mixing in kneading blocks was related to the local average number of screw revolutions experienced by the polymer. Forward stagger kneading discs achieved the greatest amount of distributive mixing, which was attributed to a combination of local stagnant flow regions and more frequent interfacial reorientation.     

啮合同向双螺杆挤出过程聚合物粒料熔融机理研究(三)——反向捏合块组合中熔融机理研究

以装有玻璃视窗的可视化双螺杆挤出机为手段，在不同操作条件下对高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）粒料在不同错列角、不同轴向长度的反向捏合块的熔融过程进行了实验研究。以实验为基础，讨论了加料量、螺杆转速以及反向捏合块厚度与错列角对聚合物颗粒熔融过程的影响。研究表明，反向捏合块的阻力大小对聚合物的熔融过程十分重要，捏合块中物料的充满度与物料的停留时间是聚合物颗粒熔融的决定因素。     

Mixing mechanism of three‐tip kneading block in twin screw extruders

In recent years, twin screw extruders have been applied to various kinds of polymer processing. It has been important to find their optimum geometrical configurations and operational processing conditions for the best performance of extrusions and products. Many engineers have been evolving numerical and the experimental methods to characterize the mixing performance for twin screw extruders. We have carried out three‐dimensional flow simulations of kneading blocks in intermeshing co‐rotating twin screw extruders by using the finite element method to quantify their ability in distributive and dispersive mixing. We discuss their performance in distributive mixing for three different type of kneading blocks in terms of the residence time distribution and the nearest distance between markers at various periods of time, by using the marker tracking method. Those numerical techniques and applications of mixing indices have enabled us to quantify and evaluate their abilities in distributive mixing of kneading blocks in twin screw extruders.     

The effects of kneading block design and operating conditions on distributive mixing in twin screw extruders

A mixing limited interfacial reaction between polymer tracers was used to directly measure the distributive mixing performance of a co‐rotating twin screw extruder during melt‐melt blending of polypropylene. The reaction between the polymer tracers, which are low molecular weight succinic anhydride and primary amine terminally functionalized polymer chains, was followed using Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Experiments were completed to determine the effects of flow rate, screw speed, and kneading block design on the distributive mixing performance and the residence time distribution (RTD). The only RTD variable that was significantly affected by the experimental factors was the average residence time. Distributive mixing with neutral and reverse kneading blocks was controlled by the average residence time, the fully filled volume, and the shear rate. Conversely, the mixing performance of a forward kneading block did not follow the same trends.     

啮合同向双螺杆挤出过程聚合物粒料熔融机理研究(二)——正向捏合块组合中熔融机理研究

以装有玻璃视窗的可视化双螺杆挤出机为手段，在不同操作条件下对高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）粒料在不同正向捏合块（即由正向捏合盘所组成的螺杆区段）中的熔融过程进行了实验研究。以实验现象为基础，提出了双螺杆挤出过程中海－岛式熔融模型的概念。研究表明，耗散－混合熔融是捏合块中聚合物熔融的主要机理，海－岛式熔融模型是捏合块中聚合物熔融的典型形态；螺杆构型、螺杆转速、加料量是决定聚合物颗粒熔融的主要因素。     

同向双螺杆挤出机的停留时间分布及填充度

引 言 双螺杆挤出机在高分子材料加工中已被广泛地应用于聚合物共混改性、反应挤出及高分子可控降解等各个方面[1].但先前对挤出过程研究较少,一般仅停留在"黑箱"型经验操作的层面,主要以定性的机械设计为主.     

三螺杆挤出机螺杆元件混合特性的数值研究

采用聚合物流体分析软件Polyflow对倒三角形三螺杆挤出机的6种螺杆元件的流道模型进行了三维等温数值模拟。使用Fieldview软件对结果进行统计处理,并采用不同的评价指标来表征混合性能,进而比较螺杆元件之间的混合特性。结果表明,捏合块的剪切和拉伸作用均强于螺纹元件;中性捏合块和左旋元件的回流效果好于其他元件;SME元件剪切弱于螺纹元件,但其拉伸作用和回流效果强于螺纹元件。因此,可根据物料对剪切的敏感性来合理地选择螺杆元件,以获得所期望的产品性能。     

双螺杆捏合机理及其捏合段设计

定性分析了捏合段的混合及输送机理，讨论了捏合块错列角、螺棱间隙、捏合块头数、螺杆转速等因素对混合质量及输送能力的影响，并由此提出了一些捏合段设计时应注意的问题。     

Analysis of mixing during melt-melt blending in twin screw extruders using reactive polymer tracers

Mixing during melt-melt blending of segregated polypropylene melt streams in a co-rotating twin screw extruder was experimentally investigated. The mixing limited reaction between two polymer reactive tracers, which are terminally functionalized polyolefin oligomers, was used to determine the mixing performance of a kneading block section. The selected functional groups were succinic anhydride and a primary amine, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR) was used to determine the anhydride conversion. In the absence of interfacial tension, the reaction conversion was directly related to the amount of interfacial area generated. Experiments were completed to study the effects of operating conditions, kneading block design, and polymer material properties. The screw speed effect was observed to be non-linear because of competing contributions from shear rate, residence time, channel fill, and viscous heating. The mixing performance of kneading blocks backed by a reverse conveying element was observed to follow the trend of: forward > reverse > neutral. For each kneading block design, the mixing performance decreased with an increase in polymer viscosity.