脉冲管制冷机蓄冷器流动特性实验研究 第一部分：实验装置和数据处理系统

蓄冷器是脉冲管制冷机等回热式制冷机的关键部件，它性能的好坏直接影响到回热式制冷机的效率和性能。交变流动蓄冷器中的热量和动量传输及转换过程是一个十分复杂的传热学，流体力学及热力学问题。低温中心针对交变流动蓄冷器的特点建立了动态参数测试实验台。实验台可以模拟各种脉冲管制冷机的真实运行条件。针对50Hz的交变流动蓄冷器的阻力特性进行了系统的实验研究，第一部分介绍实验装置及数据处理系统。     

液氮温区同轴脉冲管制冷机的实验研究

脉冲管制冷机冷头朝上布置可以使制冷机与超导器件的耦合更方便 ,但对G -M型脉冲管制冷机 ,重力会对这种布置方式产生不利影响。对双向进气型脉冲管制冷机 ,直流和耦合传热会共同影响脉冲管制冷机的性能。介绍了液氮温区G -M型同轴脉冲管制冷机的实验结果 ,主要研究了蓄冷器温度分布和重力对脉冲管制冷机性能的影响     

高频脉冲管制冷机交变蓄冷器流动阻力特性实验研究——第二部分：实验装置和数据处理系统

鉴于目前高频脉冲管制冷机中蓄冷器交变流动阻力特性的设计数据十分缺乏,作者建立高频脉冲管制冷机蓄冷器的稳定流动和交变流动动态参数测量实验台,介绍了实验系统的组成、测试装置和数据采集与处理方法.实验台采用测控领域广为流行的LabVIEW图形化开发平台,将实验段两端的动态压力、流速数据等通过采集系统,送入计算机进行数据处理,并实时绘制图形曲线.通过测量蓄冷器两端的动态压力、流速,得到高频(30～60 Hz)交变流动情况下动态压力与质量流量之间振幅和相位关系,从而得到所测蓄冷器的交变流动阻力特性.     

高频脉冲管制冷机交变蓄冷器流动阻力特性实验研究——第三部分：理论分析与实验结果

从基本方程人手分析交变流动蓄冷器,得到了不同于稳态流动的交变流动阻力系数定义,并在动态实验台的基础上,研究高频交变流动蓄冷器的阻力特性.实验中发现交变流动与稳态流动阻力系数的关系不能用简单的倍数关系表示,finst/fst比例因子随着瞬态雷诺数而变化;交变流动阻力系数随瞬时Re变化存在非对称性.所得实验结果对于高频脉冲管制冷机的整机数值模拟有重要的参考价值.     

深冷文献消息(国内部分)

<正>985101 脉冲管制冷机蓄冷器流动特性实验研究 第一部分:实验装置和数据处理系统巨永林等《低温工程》1998 №3 1~4中国科学院低温技术实验中心针对交变流动蓄冷器的特点建立了动态参数测试实验台。实验台可以模拟各种脉冲管制冷机的真实运行条件。针对     

高频脉冲管制冷机交变蓄冷器流动阻力特性实验研究——第一部分：研究现状及进展

总结了高频微型脉冲管制冷机蓄冷器交变流动阻力特性的研究现状.针对高频脉冲管制冷机设计过程中引用不同的流动阻力系数使得流动压力降结果相差很大的实际情况,系统总结了已有的研究成果,明确了不同经验公式和图表的适用范围,有利于提高高频脉冲管制冷机设计的可靠性.     

脉冲管制冷机蓄冷器流动特性实验研究 第二部分：频谱分析

对50Hz的高频蓄冷器的交变流动阻力特性进行了系统的实验研究。实验结果表明，其流动特性表现为通过蓄冷器后气体工质的速度波和压力波发生了振幅衰减和相位变化。利用频谱分析揭示了动态参数中存在的高频分量，并给出了各参数的基频分量了随蓄冷器的结构参数和运行参数而改变的规律。     

脉冲管制冷机内部交变流动过程实验研究第一部分实验装置与数据处理系统

鉴于脉冲管制冷机内部流动过程是复杂的动态交变流动,运行参数、结构参数和调相机构等对内部流动规律的影响还不是十分清楚,建立了脉冲管制冷机内部动态参数测试装置,介绍了实验系统的组成,测试设备和数据采集与处理方法.该实验台能准确测量蓄冷器入口和脉冲管热端的压力波和速度波,通过对它们的幅值与相位的分析,能够系统的得到各种因素对脉冲管制冷机内部流动状态的影响规律.     

高频微型脉冲管制冷机的数值研究

利用数值方法模拟了高频微型同轴脉冲管制冷机内部气流交变流动和换热过程。给出了小孔型，双向进气型和多路旁通型脉冲管制冷机内部气流动态参数的瞬态变化。分析了各动态参数变化对制冷机整机性能的影响。     

同轴型脉冲管制冷机中蓄冷器与脉冲管热耦合对性能影响的研究

同轴型脉冲管制冷机的特点是蓄冷器和脉冲管共用一个不锈钢壁面形成同轴结构,这样使其在结构上最为紧凑,但同轴结构会不可避免地形成蓄冷器和脉冲管内部气体之间的热耦合。借助一台U型脉冲管制冷机对脉冲管制冷机中蓄冷器和脉冲管热耦合的形成及其影响进行了初步的实验研究和分析。通过实验研究得到了蓄冷器和脉冲管壁面轴向温度变化曲线。在此基础上进行了热耦合的实验研究,以此来考察热耦合对整机性能的影响。初步的整机性能实验结果显示这种热耦合对改善制冷机性能是有益的。     

Analysis of DC gas flow in GM type double inlet pulse tube refrigerators

In a GM type double inlet pulse tube refrigerator, a DC gas flow is an intrinsic phenomenon. It is important to understand the characteristics of the DC gas flow. In this paper, the relation between the DC gas flow, valve operating time intervals, and flow patterns in the bypass of the GM type double inlet pulse tube refrigerator is studied with a numerical simulation when a symmetric bypass is used. The governing equations of the numerical simulation based on the nodal analysis are discretized with an implicit finite volume method. The simulation result shows that the valve opening angle difference is the main parameter having influence on the DC gas flow, and the effect depends on the flow patterns in the bypass.     

Second law based modeling to optimum design of high capacity pulse tube refrigerators

The optimum design of a high capacity double inlet pulse tube refrigerator based on second law of thermodynamics has been presented in this paper. Second law is applied to calculate the work loss in the regenerator and to optimize the cryocooler performance. To investigate the behavior of the pulse tube refrigerator, mass and energy balance equations are applied to several control volumes of the cryocooler cycle. A complete system of conservation equations is employed to solve the regenerator analytically. The proposed model reports the cooling capacity of 110 W at 80 K cold end temperature at frequency of 50 Hz, orifice conductance of 0.4 and double inlet coefficient of 0.6, with 2.4 kW net power delivered to the gas. In this case, the entropy generation in the gas phase is dominant which is contributing more than 85% of the total lost work in the regenerator. The optimum thermal efficiency of 99.1% was achieved at a proper mesh number. However, the second law efficiency is reported to have an inverse behavior at this mesh number.     

On cycle-averaged pressure in a G-M type pulse tube refrigerator

An experimental investigation has been carried out on dynamical pressures of the viscous compressible flow oscillating at different locations in a Gifford-McMahon (G-M) type pulse tube refrigerator operating at cycle-steady states. Measurements show that the oscillating amplitude of the pressure was largest at the hot end of the regenerator while the cycle-averaged pressure was the largest in the reservoir. The latter characteristics can be explained based on a cycle-averaged and cross-sectional averaged of the governing equations for a compressible viscous oscillating flow. The reason why the cycle-averaged pressure of the compressible flow oscillating at low frequencies in a tube increases from the wave generator toward the reservoir is analyzed. In addition, the effect of the cycle-averaged pressure on the refrigeration performance is discussed, which can be used to explain why the system with proper asymmetric charging and discharging periods has a better performance than a symmetric one in a G-M type pulse tube refrigerator.     

Characteristics of the double inlet pulse tube

The performance of the double inlet pulse tube (DIPT) is analyzed using a linearized model that takes account of the void volume of the regenerator. The maximum rate of refrigeration obtainable with the regenerator is determined as a function of frequency and void volume. This rate can be achieved by a DIPT with infinitely large reservoir volume. Corrections resulting from a finite reservoir volume are important only at low frequency. The coefficient of performance of a DIPT with optimized rate of refrigeration is less than half of the thermodynamic maximum. The results obtained for the DIPT are compared with corresponding results for the optimized orifice pulse tube refrigerator (OPTR). The large improvements in performance obtained with the DIPT over the OPTR are due primarily to an increase in the pulse tube pressure. The maximum rate of refrigeration decreases as the temperature at the cold side decreases. This is caused primarily from the resulting decrease in cold side flow rate. At given temperature ratio, addition of the second inlet reduces the flow rate through the regenerator over a range of intermediate frequencies.     

L型脉管制冷机的试验研究

介绍了文中提出的L型脉管制冷机的特点：一是采用L型脉管结构而不是通常的直型（文中称为Ⅰ型）脉管结构,降低了冷端死容积,且降低了冷头加工难度;二是在脉管热端采用双小孔阀结构取代了通常的单小孔阀结构,用来分别控制脉管热端进排气的质量流率;以四阀型脉管制冷机作为实验样机,给出了此种新型结构在有阀氦压缩机驱动下的初步性能试验,初步试验结果表明本文中的L型脉管制冷机在频率为2．5Hz,采用200目青铜丝网作为蓄冷器填料下能够达到的最低温度为67．5K。     

A 115 K thermoacoustically driven pulse tube refrigerator with low onset temperature

After the modifications of jacket type water coolers and stacks, and the optimizations of the openings of orifice and double inlet valves, a refrigeration temperature as low as 115.4 K has been achieved by a thermoacoustically driven pulse tube refrigerator. By operating the double inlet valve of the pulse tube refrigerator, the onset temperature of the thermoacoustic system decreases from 550 to 340 °C. It provides the possibility of utilizing the low-grade heat energy.