Al-Mn-Mg-Cu-Ni合金热压缩变形的流变行为和组织

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对Al-Mn-Mg-Cu-Ni合金进行热压缩试验,分析合金的流变应力与应变速率和变形温度之间的关系,计算高温变形时的变形激活能,并研究合金在变形过程中的显微组织。结果表明:Al-Mn-Mg-Cu-Ni合金在本实验条件下具有正的应变速率敏感性;流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随变形温度的升高而减小。该合金热压缩变形的流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述,也可用Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,其变形激活能为209.84kJ/mol。随着热变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小,合金中的主要软化机制逐步由动态回复转变为动态再结晶。     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金热变形行为及动态再结晶

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上对Cu-Cr-Zr合金在应变速率为0.001~10 s-1、变形温度为650~850℃的高温变形过程中的流变应力行为进行了研究。利用光学显微镜分析了合金在热变形过程中的组织演变及动态再结晶机制。结果表明:流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的提高而增大。升高变形温度以及降低应变速率,均有利于Cu-Cr-Zr合金的动态再结晶发生。从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性,得出了该合金高温热压缩变形时的热变形激活能Q为392.5 kJ/mol,同时利用逐步回归的方法建立了该合金的流变应力方程。     

喷射成形FGH95高温变形流变应力行为与预测

在变形温度为1 050~1 140℃、应变速率为0.01~10 s 1和变形率为50%的条件下,采用Gleeble 1500热模拟机研究喷射成形FGH95合金的热压缩变形行为。结果表明:在合金热压缩变形初始阶段,流变应力随应变的增加迅速增大,达到峰值应力后逐渐减小,呈现明显的动态软化特征;合金流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而显著减小;应变速率为0.1~10 s 1时,合金峰值应变随温度升高而减小,并趋于平稳;而应变速率为0.01 s 1时,合金峰值应变在1 100℃出现极大值。考虑变形量对合金热压缩流变行为的影响,引入包含应变量的四次多项式函数对双曲正弦修正的Arrhenius方程进行改进,改进后的本构方程的流变应力预测值与实验值吻合较好,平均相对误差为3.64%。     

6061铝合金热变形行为及动态再结晶研究

通过Gleeble-3500热压缩模拟试验机对6061铝合金进行热压缩实验,借助金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究合金在变形温度为340℃?490℃,应变速率为0.001s-1?1s-1条件下热变形和动态再结晶行为。结果表明：合金的动态再结晶行为对变形温度和应变速率十分敏感,温度的升高和应变速率的减小都会促进动态再结晶的发生。基于峰值应力建立了合金热变形本构方程,计算得出热变形激活能为235.155kJ·mol-1。采用加工硬化率-流变应力曲线确定了合金热变形过程中的临界应力（应变）和峰值应力（应变）与Z参数的关系模型。随着温度的升高和应变速率的减小,DRX临界应力(应变)和峰值应力(应变)而减小。依据Avrami方程建立了合金动态再结晶体积分数模型,动态再结晶体积分数随应变的增加,呈现先缓慢增加后迅速增加再缓慢增加的特征,所建模型能够较为准确的预测该合金的动态再结晶行为。     

Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金高温热变形行为及动态再结晶

在Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验对Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金在应变速率为0.01~5 s 1、变形温度为600~800℃条件下的流变应力行为进行研究,利用光学显微镜分析合金在热压缩过程中的组织演变及动态再结晶机制。结果表明:Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金在热变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,且根据变形温度的不同,真应力—真应变曲线的特征有所不同。流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大。从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性得出该合金热压缩变形时的热变形激活能Q和本构方程。     

Cu-Ni-Si-Cr合金高温热压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对Cu-Ni-Si-Cr合金在变形温度为600～800℃、应变速率为0.01～5 s-1条件下的动态再结晶行为以及组织转变进行了研究,分析了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系,并研究了在热压缩过程中组织的变化.结果表明:应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈地影响合金流变应力的大小,流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大,材料显微组织强烈受到变形温度的影响.     

热变形条件对2124铝合金流变应力和显微组织的影响

采用Gleeble热模拟试验机对2124铝合金进行热压缩试验,通过分析合金在高温塑性变形过程中的流变应力变化规律,以及利用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察合金在热变形过程中的显微组织演变,探讨了不同变形温度和应变速率对合金热塑性变形能力的影响。结果表明,2124铝合金在热变形中的流变应力稳态值随热变形温度的升高或应变速率的减小而增大,可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述热变形条件和流变应力的关系,合金的变形激活能为170.13 k J/mol。在较低变形温度或较高应变速率下,热变形后合金组织中存在大量位错缠结和位错墙,软化机制主要为动态回复。随变形温度的升高或者应变速率的降低,该合金组织中出现了再结晶晶粒,软化机制逐渐向动态再结晶转变。     

一种典型钛合金Ti-Al-Cu-Si的半固态变形

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机对Ti-Al-Cu-Si钛合金在温度为1000￣1200℃之间,应变速率为0.005￣5/s之间,变形程度为40%￣70%的条件下进行了高温热压缩实验研究。分析了实验合金高温变形时流变应力与应变速率、变形温度及变形程度之间的关系以及组织变化,为优化变形加工条件提供依据。实验结果表明:在恒应变速率的条件下,合金的真应力水平随着温度的升高而降低,合金的稳态流变应力随应变速率的增大而减小,随变形程度的增大真应力减小。     

电铸Ni-W合金热压缩变形的流变行为

采用Gleeble-1500型热模拟机对电铸Ni-W合金在变形温度为400~600℃、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1条件下的热压缩变形进行研究,分析合金变形时的流变应力、应变速率及变形温度之间的关系,研究变形温度对合金显微组织的影响,并得到本构方程。结果表明:应变速率和变形温度对该材料的流变应力有显著影响,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的提高而增大。当变形温度高于550℃时,合金流变曲线呈现出明显的动态再结晶特征,合金显微组织为完全的动态再结晶组织,该合金的热变形激活能为411.55 kJ/mol。     

Cu-Ni-Si-Ag合金动态再结晶及组织演变

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验,对Cu-2.0Ni-0.5Si-0.15Ag合金在应变速率为0.01～5s-1、变形温度为600～800℃、最大变形程度为60%条件下的流变应力行为进行了研究.分析了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系.并研究了在热压缩过程中组织的变化.结果表明:热模拟实验中,应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈地影响合金流变应力的大小,流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大.从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性,得出了该合金高温热压缩变形时的应力指数n,应力参数α,结构因子A,热变形激活能Q和流变应力方程.合金动态再结晶的显微组织强烈受到变形温度的影响.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.