Effects of Surface Chemistry on Splat Formation During Plasma Spraying

Ni-Cr single splats were plasma-sprayed at room temperature onto aluminum and stainless steel substrates, which were modified by thermal and hydrothermal treatments to control the oxide surface chemistry. The proportions of the different splat types were found to vary as a function of substrate pretreatment, especially when the pretreatment involved heating. It was observed that surface roughness did not correlate with changes in splat morphology. Substrate surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using in situ heating in vacuum to determine the effect of thermal pretreatment on substrate surface chemistry. It was found that the surface layers were composed primarily of oxyhydroxides. When the substrates were heated to 350 °C, water vapor was released from the dehydration of oxyhydroxide. Preheating the substrate can remove the water prior to spraying: preheated substrates had improved the physical contact between the splat and substrate, which enhanced the formation of disk splats and increased the number of splats.     

Microstructural Development and Deposition Behavior of Titanium Powder Particles in Warm Spraying Process: From Single Splat to Coating

Warm spraying has been developed by NIMS, in which powder particles are accelerated and simultaneously heated, and deposited onto a suitable substrate in thermally softened solid state. In this study, commercially available titanium powder was sprayed onto steel substrate by the spraying process. Microstructural developments and deposition behaviors from a deposited single particle to a thick coating layer were observed by high resolution electron microscopes. A single titanium particle sprayed onto the substrate was severely deformed and grain-refined mainly along the interfacial boundary of particle/substrate by the impact of the sprayed particle. A successive impact by another particle further deformed the previously deposited particle and induced additional grain refinement of the remaining part. In a thick coating layer, the severe deformation and grain refinement were also observed. The results have demonstrated the complex deposition behavior of sprayed particles in the warm spraying using thermally softened metallic powder particles.     

Effect of Substrate Concave Pattern on Splat Formation of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia in Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

Splat morphology of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on a microconcave-patterned substrate was investigated by both numerical and experimental approaches under a dc-rf hybrid-plasma spray condition. The spreading behavior of molten droplets on a microdimple pattern was numerically simulated in a three-dimensional form. For comparison, impact of a YSZ droplet onto a microdimple pattern of a quartz glass substrate was studied in situ utilizing thermal emissions from the droplet. Concave aspects of a substrate surface play an important role in fingering/splashing of a spreading droplet as well as convex patterns. The main mechanism that causes splashing is likely due to the slipping of a spreading droplet at the edge of concave patterns. The viscosity decrease of the spreading droplet enhances the droplet splash.     

Splat Morphology of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Droplet Deposited Via Hybrid Plasma Spraying

The splat morphology of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) droplets deposited by dc-rf hybrid plasma spraying (HYPS) was studied. Two types of YSZ powder were used, namely fused and crushed powder (FC) and hollow spherical powder (HOSP). The three-dimensional shape of more than 600 disk-shaped splats on preheated substrates was evaluated using a laser-scanning microscope to determine the splat diameter, thickness, and their dimensionless forms. The HOSP showed a higher degree of flattening than the FC. Both the FC with a powder size distribution of 45-75 μm and the HOSP of 30-120 μm can be used as spray materials in the HYPS to achieve a coating design based on fully molten particles. The effect of the substrate temperature on the splat morphology was similar to that of atmospheric dc plasma spraying; however, the transition from a splashed shape to a disk shape gradually occurred at higher substrate temperatures.     

亚音速火焰喷涂层与等离子喷涂层耐磨性的对比

利用亚音速火焰喷涂和等离子喷涂分别制备Fe-WC金属陶瓷涂层,对两种喷涂层的耐磨性进行了研究.结果表明,在耐磨性试验过程中等离子喷涂层的磨损失重变化比亚音速火焰喷涂层磨损失重变化稳定,等离子喷涂层的耐磨性明显高于火焰喷涂层的耐磨性.     

Epitaxial Grain Growth During Splat Cooling of Alumina Droplets Produced by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

Alumina splats were deposited on polished single crystal alumina substrates with two different crystalline facet orientations of [001] and [110] by atmospheric plasma spraying at a substrate preheating temperature of 900 °C to examine the epitaxy during splat cooling. The cross-sectional samples for high-resolution transmission electron microscopy examination were prepared by focused ion beam-assisted-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). The results show that the whole splats with a thickness ranging from ~600 to ~1000 nm exhibit the same crystalline structure as the substrate. Moreover, the splat deposited on the single crystalline alumina substrates exhibits exactly the same orientation as the substrate. The results evidently indicate that the epitaxial grain growth occurs after alumina droplets impact on the single crystal alumina substrate. The present results suggest that the crystalline structure of alumina deposit formed by plasma spraying can be possibly controlled by the coating surface temperature.     

氧—乙炔火焰熔凝Ni-Cr-B-Si合金粉末等离子喷涂层

用氧—乙炔火焰对Ni-Cr-B-Si合金粉末等离子喷涂层进行了快速熔敷处理,结果表明,熔敷处理后的喷涂层的耐磨性和抗蚀性都有明显提高。     

等离子喷涂Al2O3/TiO2陶瓷涂层形成机理研究

利用等离子喷涂制备Al2O3/TiO2陶瓷涂层,通过扫描电镜分析了涂层的组织结构.重点探讨了不同含量的TiO2对涂层组织显微结构的影响和涂层形成机理.结果表明:随着TiO2含量增加,涂层质量较单一Al2O3质量明显提高.     

Improvement of Coating Properties in Three-Cathode Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

The main aim of this study is to improve the coating properties of three-cathode atmospheric plasma-sprayed coatings with respect to porosity and residual stresses. This was done by means of numerical simulation coupled with advanced diagnostic methods. A numerical model for the triple injection of alumina feedstock, as well as acceleration and heating of the powder particles in the characteristic threefold symmetrical plasma jet cross section produced by a three-cathode-plasma torch, was developed. The modeling results for the standard injector’s position “0” were calculated and experimentally verified by laser Doppler anemometry. Based on the criteria defined for the concentrated feedstock transport and homogeneous thermal treatment of powder particles in the plasma jet, the optimal injection position was found. In the next step, a previously developed, coupled CFD-FEM-simulation model was used for simulations of the coating build-up, describing flattening, solidification, and deformation due to shrinkage for alumina particles on a rough substrate surface.     

等离子喷涂对涂层非晶含量的影响

选用一种Fe基非晶粉末,利用等离子喷涂技术在不同喷涂电流和气体流量参数下制备涂层.用X射线衍射仪分析涂层非晶相对含量,对纯非晶涂层和含有纳米晶粒非晶复合涂层分别进行透射电镜观察.通过调整等离子喷涂电流和气体流量获得不同非晶含量非晶涂层,并分析其形成原因.     

ZrO2纳米粉等离子喷涂工艺及磨损性能研究

应用spraywatch热喷涂在线监测系统测定了ZrO2纳米粉等离子喷涂工艺参数与喷涂粒子温度和速度的关系；测定了涂层耐磨性，分析了涂层表面形貌、界面结合状况和物相组成；获得了涂层制备的较佳喷涂工艺参数。涂层为纳米结构，主要由四方相构成。     

等离子喷涂YSZ热障涂层的热腐蚀行为研究

为了研究YSZ热障涂层在热腐蚀环境下的服役情况,采用等离子喷涂工艺在K38高温合金基体上分别制备了Y2O3稳定的ZrO3（YSZ）热障涂层和MgO稳定的ZrO2热障涂层（MSZ）,利用热重分析、X-射线衍射和带能谱的扫描电镜等手段,研究分析了这2种涂层在850℃含氯硫酸盐膜下的热腐蚀行为。结果表明：MSZ涂层在850℃热腐蚀时发生了相变,引起陶瓷外层开裂和剥落,影响了涂层的抗高温性能和使用寿命;而YSZ涂层在850℃腐蚀后没有相变发生,表现出了比MSZ涂层更佳的抗热腐蚀性能。     

等离子喷涂FeCrMOSnPBSiC非晶合金涂层的电磁屏蔽性能

采用软磁非晶合金FeCrMoSnPBSiC粉末作为喷涂材料,用大气等离子喷涂法在H62铜板表面制备了厚约220 μm的非晶合金涂层.X射线衍射分析表明涂层中非晶含量很高,DSC分析表明非晶的晶化温度约为516℃,屏蔽效能测试表明该样品对高频电磁场和直流磁场均有良好的屏蔽效能.     

用等离子喷涂技术制备钻井泵缸套金属陶瓷涂层

利用等离子喷涂技术对45号钢钻井泵缸套表面进行改性,制造金属陶瓷涂层缸套.并对涂层进行金相、硬度、耐磨性及与基体结合强度等性能测试.结果表明,其硬度和耐磨性比原45号钢渗碳淬火缸套大大提高.     

纳米氧化锆热障涂层制备工艺对导热性能的影响

研究等离子喷涂参数对纳米氧化锆涂层组织结构与涂层热导率的影响,分析涂层中孔隙的形成机制以及孔隙率与涂层热导率的关系.结果表明:在所选用的参数中,氧化锆涂层孔隙率随喷涂能量升高而降低,最低可达8%;并且大孔隙减少;氧化锆涂层600 ℃的热导率随孔隙率的增加而降低,最低可达0.633 W·(m·K)~(-1).     

等离子喷涂纳米热障涂层热震性能

采用等离子喷涂工艺制备常规和纳米结构ZrO2-7%Y2O3热障涂层,比较两种涂层在850℃下的热震性能,并探讨其热震失效机理。结果表明,不管是首次出现宏观裂纹(局部剥落)还是达到热震失效,纳米结构热障涂层的热震次数都明显高于相应的常规涂层。相对于常规涂层,纳米结构涂层有较好的抗热震性能。等离子喷涂常规热障涂层的热震失效形式为大面积整体剥落,而纳米结构热障涂层热震失效形式为边角局部剥落。     

低压等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlYTa涂层微观结构及抗氧化性能

采用低压等离子喷涂技术在镍基单晶高温合金上制备了NiCoCrAlYTa涂层,利用OM、SEM和EDS研究了涂层的微观结构和涂层中各元素的分布,用XRD对涂层物相进行分析,测定了涂层的显微硬度和断裂韧性,并比较了涂层和合金的抗高温氧化性能.结果表明,涂层中Al、Cr、Co和Ni元素分布均匀,主要由γ-Ni、β-NiAl、γ'-Ni3Al和少量CrCoTa相组成,涂层/合金界面处形成Al、Cr、Co和Ni元素浓度台阶.涂层的显微硬度和断裂韧性分别为350.8 HV0.3和2.73 MPa·m1/2.涂层比镍基单晶高温合金的高温抗氧化性能好.     

Study of the Splat Microstructure and the Effects of Substrate Heating on the Splat Formation for Ni-Cr Particles Plasma Sprayed onto Stainless Steel Substrates

The plasma spraying process is still poorly understood in term of the processes by which the coating is built up, especially coating interactions with the substrate. This present study enhances this understanding by studying, through a range of electron microscopy techniques, single NiCr splats plasma sprayed onto stainless steel substrates, which were first exposed to different heat treatments. The microstructure of the splats, particularly the splat-substrate interface, was characterized, and the formation of the observed features is discussed. Evidence of localized substrate melting and inter-mixing with the splat material was found, showing metallurgical bonding. The structures observed were also correlated to the treatment of the substrate, demonstrating how such treatments can influence the properties of the fully deposited coating by modifying the splat formation process. Most notably, heating the substrate during spraying was found to significantly modify splat formation by reducing splashing and increasing the extent of substrate melting.     

等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的冲蚀磨损特性

研究了在固体颗粒冲蚀条件下,不同冲击速度、不同磨料尺寸等因素对等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层冲蚀磨损率的影响,并在不同条件下与20号钢进行了对比试验,分析了等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的冲蚀磨损特性及磨损机理,提出等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层具有脆性特征的冲蚀磨损特性,它适用于细磨料低速冲蚀磨损条件.