熔体旋转快速凝固和热挤压制备7075铝合金棒材

采用单辊熔体旋转冷却法,在400～500℃温度下进行热挤压,制得超细晶7075铝合金棒材;然后对其组织、力学性能以及拉伸断口等进行测试和分析。结果表明,采用快速凝固方法能显著地细化晶粒,制备的带材平均晶粒尺寸小于1μm。超细晶带材经热挤压得到的棒材与传统铸造热挤压棒材相比,晶粒得到了显著细化,力学性能更优。随着热挤压温度升高,棒材组织逐渐致密,虽然晶粒有所粗化,但强度和塑性仍有所提升;在挤压温度为500℃时,热挤压棒材获得最优的力学性能,其抗拉强度为517.1 MPa,断后伸长率为23.2%;与传统铸造热挤压相比,抗拉强度提高了12.0%,伸长率提高了51.6%。     

镁合金轮毂的铸造工艺与组织性能

分别采用金属型铸造、常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造法制备了轮毂用Mg-2.9Nd-0.18Zn-0.35Zr镁合金,对比分析了三种不同铸造工艺下铸态和T6态镁合金的显微组织和力学性能,探讨了镁合金的强化机理。结果表明,金属型铸造合金的组织为α-Mg和以鱼骨状形式存在于晶界处的Mg_(12)Nd共晶相,平均α-Mg相尺寸约51μm,常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造合金的α-Mg相尺寸和Mg_(12)Nd相相似,但是后者的α-Mg相更加细小;三种铸造工艺下镁合金的主要物相都为α-Mg和Mg_(12)Nd,金属型铸造合金中α-Mg的晶格常数要比常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造的小。三种铸造工艺下T6态镁合金基体中都析出了细小短棒状β'相,且T6态常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造镁合金中β'相的尺寸相对金属型铸造更大,而T6态流变挤压铸造镁合金中还发现了细小盘状β"相。铸态和T6态镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度为:流变挤压铸造常规挤压铸造金属型铸造;T6态常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造相对金属型铸造镁合金的强度提高主要来自细晶强化和析出强化,且流变挤压铸造的细晶强化和析出强化效果要优于常规挤压铸造。     

挤压铸造Al-5Zn-2Mg-1Cu-0.2Sc合金的组织与性能

采用流变挤压铸造制备了Al-5Zn-2Mg-1Cu-0.2Sc合金,通过拉伸试验、SEM和TEM等方法研究了浇注温度对半固态浆料、流变挤压铸造合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着浇注温度降低,半固态浆料和流变挤压铸造合金初生α-Al相形貌逐渐转变为近球形,在晶界附近析出的第二相分布越来越均匀,平均晶粒尺寸减小,圆整度增加。当浇注温度为700℃时,半固态浆料初生相尺寸最小,约为35μm,平均形状因子约为0.49,流变挤压铸造后合金平均晶粒尺寸约为43μm。流变挤压铸造合金的力学性能随着浇注温度的降低逐渐提升。合金经过470℃×10 h+500℃×2 h双级固溶后,大部分第二相溶于基体中。120℃×24 h时效处理后,合金的屈服强度为539 MPa,抗拉强度为612 MPa,伸长率为11%。     

熔体旋转冷却+热挤压工艺制备快速凝固6061铝合金棒材

采用熔体旋转冷却法(以下简称甩带法)+热挤压制备了快速凝固的6061铝合金棒材,并与常规铸造+热挤压结果进行了对比。结果表明,甩带法+热挤压制备的6061铝合金组织均匀,晶粒细小,平均晶粒尺寸为3~5μm,屈服强度和拉伸强度较常规铸造+热挤压高。由于部分带与带之间结合不是非常紧密,断后伸长率差别不大。     

坯料细化处理对AZ31镁合金挤压组织的影响

对超声细化和未细化的AZ31镁合金棒料进行均匀化退火后热挤压,并对热挤压后的组织和硬度进行了对比分析。结果表明,与未经过晶粒细化处理棒料的热挤压组织相比,预先经过晶粒细化处理的AZ31镁合金棒热挤压组织更加均匀。当挤压比λ为16、挤压料温度为380℃、挤压速度为0.9 m/min时,组织发生回复再结晶。与未经晶粒细化处理棒料的挤压组织相比,经过晶粒细化处理的挤压组织更加细小;挤压速度增加到10 m/min时,经过晶粒细化处理后的AZ31镁合金挤压变形后棒料边缘容易发生二次再结晶现象,形成一条宽约75μm的粗晶组织,边缘附近区域组织中有孪晶形成。同时,经过晶粒细化处理后的AZ31镁合金挤压棒的硬度较高。     

严酷变形Mg-6Zn-1Y合金组织

利用正挤压和往复挤压-正挤压联合工艺制备细晶Mg-6Zn-1Y合金,研究挤压工艺对合金组织的影响。结果表明:挤压比为11.3时,300、340℃正挤压合金晶粒平均尺寸分别为2.7、12.9μm;300℃时再结晶机制为非连续动态再结晶机制,组织不均匀;340℃时为连续动态再结晶机理,组织均匀;挤压比6.1时,300℃挤压合金平均晶粒尺寸为3.2μm。降低挤压温度和增大挤压速率均可以提高组织细化程度。340℃往复挤压5道次后再经255℃正挤压合金组织均匀,平均晶粒尺寸为5.3μm,均匀的细晶组织归因于在往复挤压和正挤压过程中发生了2次动态再结晶。     

AZ91D镁合金挤压铸造组织与性能的研究

采用间接式挤压铸造成形工艺,研究了AZ91D镁合金的挤压铸造组织和力学性能。试验结果表明,由于压力损失和铸件壁厚的影响,导致铸件不同部位的凝固组织和力学性能不同。挤压铸造镁合金组织中初生α-Mg相晶粒平均尺寸为25~30μm左右,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为220MPa和2.5%;不但晶粒尺寸比半固态流变压铸成形的细小,而且其力学性能也更高。     

流变挤压铸造制备LPSO结构增强Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金及其组织性能

采用流变挤压铸造工艺制备了含有LPSO结构的Mg99.9-3xZnxY2xZr0.1(x=0.5、1、2,摩尔分数,%)合金,研究了合金的微观组织特征及力学性能。结果表明,流变挤压铸造能有效细化合金的微观组织。合金的基体组织由尺寸较大的α1-Mg和尺寸较小的α2-Mg晶粒组成,LPSO结构呈细小的网状结构均匀地分布在晶界处,LPSO结构的含量越低,其细化效果越明显。随着挤压压力增大,合金中LPSO结构的厚度越来越小,当压力达到100MPa后,厚度变化趋缓。与常规重力铸造相比,流变挤压铸造能有效提高合金的力学性能,特别是伸长率。在400MPa下的流变挤压铸造Mg96.9Zn1Y2Zr0.1合金的抗拉强度和伸长率较重力铸造下分别提高了19%和170%。     

比压和双细化剂对挤压铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织的影响

采用挤压铸造工艺制备了高速机车用Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金传动空心轴,研究了比压和Al-5Ti-1B+Al-10RE双细化剂对挤压铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金传动空心轴微观组织的影响。结果表明,随着比压的不断增大,挤压铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金空心轴试样中初生α-Al晶粒的形状不断变得圆整,晶粒尺寸不断变小;当比压达到160MPa时,初生α-Al晶粒中粗大的树枝晶基本消失,试样组织为非枝晶组织,试样的平均晶粒直径为25μm,平均等效圆度为0.73;随着双细化剂中Al-5Ti-1B加入量的减少、Al-10RE加入量的增加,试样的平均晶粒直径显著减小,而试样的平均等效圆度变化不大,基本上在0.65～0.75之间;当添加1%的Al-5Ti-1B+3%的Al-10RE时,试样的平均晶粒直径为21μm,平均等效圆度为0.70。     

挤压Mg-12Zn-1.5Er镁合金的微观组织演变及力学性能

研究铸造及挤压Mg-12zn-1.5Er合金的显微组织及力学性能.结果表明:铸造Mg-12zn-1.5Er合金中的I相在挤压过程中被破碎,并且动态再结晶伴随着挤压过程发生,导致合金组织进一步细化.合金的晶粒为等轴晶,其平均晶粒尺寸为2～5μm;并且观察到大量的纳米级颗粒在动态再结晶晶粒中析出;与铸造合金相比,挤压合金的力学性能明显提高,这是因为组织细化、准晶强化及纳米级颗粒的析出强化;挤压合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度分别为359 MPa和318 MPa.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.