一种用于2π多丝正比计数器的放大电路设计及性能测试

介绍用于测量平面放射源表面发射率的2π多丝正比计数器的放大电路。通过使用两种类型的放射源对该探测器和电路进行了测试。结果满足相关标准要求。     

闭气式正比计数器的制作与性能测试

为提高辐射监测仪表的国产化,在一定程度上摆脱国产核仪表关键部件对进口的依赖,研究了一种闭气正比计数器的制作工艺流程。应用该工艺流程制作完成了一种用于α、β表面污染监测的大面积闭气式正比计数器,并对制作完成的探测器本底计数、坪曲线、探测效率等重要的物理指标进行了长时间的测试,且与国外探测器的工艺效果的进行了对比。测试与对比结果表明该工艺制作完成的闭气正比计数器能够广泛应用于各种α、β表面污染监测表中。     

闭气式手脚表面污染监测仪主要性能测试

以更好地了解和使用闭气式手脚表面污染监测仪,来监测人员的手、皮肤、脚等是否有放射性沾污,对自主研发生产的使用闭气式正比计数器为探测器的手脚表面污染监测仪进行了主要性能测试,包括坪曲线、探测效率、最低可探测下限等物理实验和环境适应性试验、电磁兼容性试验、电气安全性试验等型式试验。各项测试结果表明,仪器具有本底计数率低、探测效率高、重复性好、相对固有误差低等优点,各项指标领先。     

一种改善闭气式正比计数器换气周期的方法

正比计数器具有气体放大作用,很适合用于低能粒子探测.用于低能X射线和α/β污染监测时,正比计数器按充气方式可以划分为两大类:流气式和闭气式.与流气式相比,闭气式正比计数器使用方便；但是其寿命比较短,需要周期性更换工作气体.介绍了闭气式正比计数器性能老化问题,以及一种改善其换气周期的方法.     

一种快充式多丝正比计数器测量仪

研制了一种快速充气式多丝正比计数器测量仪器,可大幅减少工作气体消耗,缩短测量时间。能准确测量α粒子和β粒子,探测效率高、计数率线性好、测量结果稳定。样品测试成本大幅度低于纯流气式多丝正比计数器。     

线性脉冲放大器

提出了一种微型成形放大器和门积分器和门积分,简要介绍了电路结构与电路设计,工作原理及技术指标。该电路主要用于半导体探测器,正比计数器,闪烁探测器等仪器输出信号的放大,成形和多道脉冲幅度分析器等仪器的采样,保持电路的分析与研究。     

基于多丝正比计数管的表面污染监测仪核电子学部件

介绍了基于现代集成电路开发研制的一套用于全身表面污染监测仪及手脚表面污染监测仪的核电子学部件,分析了电路设计及制造工艺中的一些具体要点。     

基于多丝正比计数管的表面污染监测仪核电子学部件

介绍了基于现代集成电路开发研制的一套用于全身表面污染监测仪及手脚表面污染监测仪的核电子学部件,分析了电路设计及制造工艺中的一些具体要点。     

GFM-Ⅱ型大面积α、β污染测量仪

GFM－Ⅱ型大面积α、β污染测量仪的探头为平板型流气式正比计数管阵列，窗口面积为1000cm^2，由4个灵敏探测区组成，每个探测区配有一套电荷灵敏前置放大电路，即组成4套独立的探测通道，其特点是：流气式正比计数器阵列替代单一的流气式正比探头，较低的工作电压和快速α、β同时扫描测量。     

表面铀污染量检测仪的研制

介绍了一台测量板形铀元件大面积低水平表面铀污染测量仪。该装置探头是大面积多丝正比计数器,计数器阴极由低本底材料不锈钢制成的,窗由厚6μm双面镀铝的聚脂膜制成。阳极丝是0.025mm镀金钨丝。计数器灵敏面积为1113mm×100mm。实验表明,计数器固有本底为0.002计数/(min·cm~2)(2计数/min)。对浓缩铀源,探测效率为67％,2π方向;24小时稳定度为0.84％(包括计数器、高压、电子学放大器、甄别器、微机、打印和显示系统)。该装置可探测的定量下限为(对20％~(235)U,0.13％~(234)U,79.64％~(238)U)4.6×10~(-10)g/cm~2。通过微机控制,该装置可预置定时,具有显示、自动报警、分类和打印功能。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.