认知MIMO系统基于授权通信模式信息的空频域机会接入

针对认知MIMO系统设计一种空频域机会接入策略。当存在频谱空洞时,认知业务以交叉共享方式实现传输;当无空闲频谱资源可用时,利用授权通信模式信息与系统间干扰信道信息,以重叠共享方式实现认知业务传输。该方法综合利用空间相关度与特征模式传输增益进行空域资源质量评价,实现授权频道与认知特征模式的选择分集。并且,基于授权通信模式信息的信号处理降低了认知系统天线配置要求以及认知信号的功率损失。仿真结果表明,所提策略能够在不影响授权业务的前提下显著改善认知业务性能,获得接近最佳的认知吞吐率。     

认知无线电中的频谱接入技术

认知无线电是一种基于软件无线电的智能通信系统,它能够认知周围环境,并能通过一定的方法相应地改变某些工作参数来实时地适应环境,从而达到提高频谱利用率、缓解频谱资源紧张的目的.授权频段的频谱利用问题是认知无线电实现的关键技术之一.研究了授权频段的两种频谱利用方法:动态频谱接入和基于动态频谱接入模型之一的机会频谱接入.     

认知无线电网络子空间映射频谱共享

针对集中式多用户多天线认知无线电网络,分析了子空间映射能够为认知系统提供的通信机会以及理想信道条件下的空间子信道分配方案。在此基础上,提出了一种基于子空间映射的频谱共享策略。根据认知系统的感知结果,计算可以利用的空间子信道数,通过认知用户接入控制和子空间映射避免或抑制系统间干扰,从而在保证授权用户通信质量的前提下,为认知用户提供通信机会。仿真结果表明,与已有的子空间映射频谱共享方法相比,该策略不仅具有更高的认知系统可达和速率,而且能够为认知系统提供更多通信机会。     

多天线认知无线电网络自适应空间映射频谱共享

针对集中式多用户多天线认知无线电网络,提出一种基于自适应空间映射的频谱共享策略,根据授权用户接入的随机性所带来的频谱和空间资源占用情况的变化,认知系统将发射信号自适应地映射在认知基站与授权用户之间信道的子空间上,避免或抑制系统间干扰,从而在保证授权用户通信质量的前提下,为认知用户提供通信机会,并且在认知系统内部利用块对角化和奇异值分解方法分离不同认知用户的信号,消除系统内干扰。性能分析和仿真结果表明,与已有的频谱共享方法相比较,该策略不仅具有更高的认知系统可达和速率,并且对于由不同授权系统负载情况形成的不同场景具有更强的鲁棒性。     

基于MIMO的无线认知传感器网络研究

作为现代无线通信的核心技术,MIMO(多输入多输出)利用发射端和接收端的多副天线,来改善无线通信性能,而无需额外的无线带宽。MIMO中的空间分集、空间复用、波束形成、智能天线等可以帮助WCSN(无线认知传感器网络)接入有价值的频谱,提高链路质量和频谱效率。文章分析MIMO在阵列增益、分集增益和复用增益等方面的优势,介绍空时分组编码、空时网格编码和分层空时编码的工作原理,给出MIMO无线认知传感器网络的基本中继策略。     

MIMO系统工程应用分析及其SHPCA多天线系统3维信道容量

从实际工程应用的角度出发,首先对MIMO系统中的各种假设条件做了分析,认为当MIMO信道中的各个子信道相互独立时,可以采用基带联合检测(joint detection, JD)技术实现MIMO信号的分离与合并;如果考虑实际应用场景且当MIMO系统中多根天线发送同频信号时,JD技术无法分离出细多径信号,会使得系统空分复用(space division multiplexing, SDM)增益下降。为此基于对Shannon公式和相控天线阵系统（phase-controlled antenna array , PCA）的讨论,提出了一个新颖的多天线系统-SHPCA系统,该SHPCA系统能够有效地利用相控阵天线产生的定向窄波束来实现SDM功能,提升多天线系统的性能。SHPCA系统容量可用一个三维信道容量公式来描述,空间为第三维度。与传统信道容量度量相比,该模型能更直观的反映SHPCA多天线系统的空分复用作用和收发天线配置对系统容量的影响。      

浅析认知无线电在军事通信中的应用

认知无线电在无需专门授权的情况下,能够借助频谱感知等技术接入已授权频段,实现对无线频谱资源的动态共享,极大地提高频谱利用效率和通信系统性能,必将对无线通信,尤其是军事通信产生深远的影响.文中首先简要叙述了认知无线电产生的背景,尔后对频谱感知、位置感知、链路保持、频谱池共享等关键技术进行了简要叙述.重点分析了认知无线电在军事通信中的应用及其优势.最后对军用认知无线电面临的机遇和挑战做了简要展望.     

认知网络中的能量回收技术：性能分析及优化设计

通信网络中有限的能源和频带资源限制了网络容量的进一步提升.对能量回收技术在认知网络中的应用进行研究,量化评估用户可回收的能量以及可达吞吐率,并进行优化设计很有必要.在所分析的系统中,当授权用户进行通信时,非授权用户可回收无线信号中所带有的能量,并利用回收的能量进行频谱检测;当检测到授权用户空闲时,非授权用户将接入频谱,利用回收到的能量进行数据传输.采用马尔科夫链模型对通信场景进行描述分析,发现授权用户的活跃程度对非授权用户可回收的能量、获得的传输机会带来影响,进而决定了非授权用户的可达吞吐量.在此基础上,提出一种通过控制授权用户业务量,以最大化网络能量效用和频谱效用的优化方案,并通过仿真证实了理论分析的正确性.     

动态频谱接入MAC协议研究

机会频谱接入（OSA,opportunistic spectrum access）允许未授权用户在空间域和时域上共享授权频谱,但仅当授权用户没有占用这些频谱时认知用户才能接入。另外频谱环境的动态性使MAC协议设计面临着几个重要的问题,即认知用户需要确定何时以什么方式接入哪一个信道发送/接收数据而不影响主用户的通信。从OSA-MAC设计面临的技术挑战出发,对近年来国内外在该方向的研究成果做了总结和分析,并阐述了OSA-MAC设计亟待解决的问题和今后的研究方向。     

动态频谱接入MAC协议研究

机会频谱接入（OSA,Opportunistic Spectrum Access）允许未授权用户在空间域和时域上共享授权频谱,但仅当授权用户没有占用这些频谱时认知用户才能接入。特别地,频谱环境的动态性使MAC协议设计面临着几个重要的问题,即认知用户需要确定何时以什么方式接入哪一个信道发送／接收数据而不影响主用户的通信。从OSA-MAC设计面临的技术挑战出发,对近年来国内外在该方向的研究成果做了总结和分析,并阐述了OSA-MAC设计亟待解决的问题和今后的研究方向。     

Adaptive Beamforming in CR-MIMO System Exploiting Multi-Channel and Eigenmode Diversity

In this paper, a space division multiplexing (SDM) based joint adaptive beamforming downlink transmission scheme for infrastructured cognitive radio multi-input multi-output system is proposed. When spectrum holes exist traditional opportunistic spectrum access is employed. While there is no idle spectrum available, cognitive base station and cognitive user firstly evaluate spatial correlation between cognitive transmission and inter-system interference based on the preprocessed channel information. Incorporated with transmission gain, authorized frequency channel and eigenmode are jointly selected. Then on the premise that no interference is imposed on the primary, cognitive transmission is carried out adopting SDM. The proposed scheme exploits selection diversity of both authorized channel and cognitive eigenmode, thus achieves better spatio-frequency resource management and near-optimal cognitive throughput performance.     

The Master-Slave Stochastic Knapsack Modeling for Fully Dynamic Spectrum Allocation

Scarcity problem of radio spectrum resource stimulates the research on cognitive radio technology, in which dynamic spectrum allocation attracts lots of attention. For higher access efficiency in cognitive radio context, we suggest a fully dynamic access scheme for primary and secondary users, which is modeled by a master-slave stochastic knapsack process. Equilibrium behavior of this knapsack model is analyzed: expressions of blocking probability of both master and slave classes are derived as performance criterion, as well as forced termination probability for the slave class. All the theoretic results are verified by numeric simulations. Compared to traditional opportunistic spectrum access (OSA), which can be regarded as half dynamic due to primary users?? rough preemption, our scheme leads to less termination events for the secondary users while keeping the same performance for the primary class, thus promotes the system access performance. Nonideal spectrum sensing algorithm with detection error is also taken into consideration to evaluate its impact on system access performance, which is a practical issue for implementation.     

Spatiotemporal Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio networks need to continuously monitor spectrum to detect the presence of the licensed users. In this paper, we have exploited spatial diversity in multiuser networks to improve the spectrum sensing capabilities of centralized cognitive radio (CR) networks. We develop a fixed and a variable relay sensing scheme. The fixed relay scheme employs a relay that has a fixed location to help the cognitive network base station detect the presence of the primary user. The variable relay sensing scheme employs cognitive users distributed at various locations as relays to sense data and to improve the detection capabilities. This effectively reduces the average detection time by exploiting spatial diversity inherent in multiuser networks. Finally, we study the network outage probabilities to compare the performances of the fixed and variable relay schemes.     

Elastic bandwidth allocation scheme with softened peak interference power constraint for the dynamic cognitive radio systems

The popularity of diverse wireless communication systems has led to increased strains on the unlicensed spectrum. However, investigations have shown that vast portions of the licensed spectrum remain underutilized across frequency, space and time. To improve the utilization of the existing radio spectrum, cognitive radio (CR) allows a secondary system to access the licensed spectrum as long as the primary system’s operation is not compromised. Two main CR transmission modes, spectrum overlay and underlay have been proposed. In the spectrum overlay mode, challenges in quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning arise due to the necessity for secondary users to vacate the channels when a primary user appears. In the underlay model, interference caused to the primary system has to be carefully managed resulting in a constraint of the secondary system’s transmit power, which causes difficulty in QoS provisioning. In this paper, we propose an elastic bandwidth allocation scheme to make concurrent use of both spectrum overlay and underlay transmission modes. Different from existing hybrid transmission strategy, our scheme employ a novel softened peak interference power constraint to improve the performance of the secondary system while still granting the superior protection to the primary system transmissions. This allows the proposed scheme to achieve a superior transmission capacity in the CR network while avoiding the weaknesses of the both spectrum overlay and spectrum underlay transmission modes.     

Two-stage decision making policy for opportunistic spectrum access and validation on USRP testbed

“Recently, various paradigms, for instance, device-to-device communications, LTE-unlicensed and cognitive radio based on an opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) are being envisioned to improve the average spectrum utilization. In OSA, secondary (unlicensed) users (SUs) need decision making policies (DMPs) to identify and transmit over optimum frequency bands without any interference to the primary (licensed) users as well as minimize the number of collisions among SUs. In this paper, we have proposed a two-stage DMP consisting of Bayesian Multi-armed Bandit algorithm to accurately characterize the frequency band statistics independently at each SU and frequency band selection scheme for orthogonalization of SUs. The analytical and simulation results show that the proposed DMP leads to 45% improvement in the average spectrum utilization compared to 36–39% in the existing DMPs. Furthermore, the number of collisions are 58.5% lower in the proposed DMP making SU terminals energy-efficient. The performance of the proposed DMP has been verified on the proposed USRP testbed in real radio environment and the experimental results closely match the simulated results .”     

全双工中继协作下的认知MIMO系统吞吐量最大化研究

本文研究了全双工中继协作下的认知MIMO系统的平均吞吐量最大化问题。与传统的中继协作认知无线电系统不同的是,该系统模型中的双工中继节点既能协助认知用户源节点进行多天线频谱感知以提高频谱检测性能,也能解码转发认知用户源节点的发送信号以获得更大的系统吞吐量。为使系统平均吞吐量最大,首先,本文以认知用户能获得的最大平均频谱空洞被发现的概率为目标,对系统的帧结构进行优化以获得最佳的感知时间,接着对多个发送天线进行优化以选择出最佳的发送天线,并推导出了在总的发送功率和对主用户干扰受限条件下的认知用户源节点和双工中继节点的最佳功率分配方案。最后的仿真结果表明本文提出的系统模型和优化方案相比传统的双工等功率分配方案以及单工功率分配方案能够获得更大的系统平均吞吐量。      

主用户活跃性对新的认知无线电系统容量的影响

在机会频谱接入认知无线电系统中,认知用户只有在通过感知确定信道空闲时才可以接入授权信道,因此频谱感知对于系统性能影响非常重要。本文提出了基于新帧结构的四元频谱感知模型,考虑主用户活跃性对认知网络吞吐量的影响,采用可同时最大化感知和数据传输时间的新帧结构模型,不需要考虑感知和吞吐量的均衡。理论分析新模型下感知时间,主用户活跃性,目标检测概率,主用户接收信噪比对系统吞吐量的影响,并与传统模型进行对比。