控冷电磁站搬迁方案的改进

通过大量的调查研究，查清了电磁站内渗漏水的缺陷，提出了解决方案和具体操作方法，改变了原定的搬迁方案，不仅彻底地消除了缺陷，还节约了大修费，缩短了工期，为生产创了可观的效益。     

焦化厂回收易地大修暨脱硫脱氰工程简介

本文叙述了国内先进的煤气净化工艺和氨、硫回收装置，净化了焦炉煤气，减少了环境污染，改善了硫铵质量，增加了硫磺新产品，提高了生产管理水平，确保了安全生产。     

煤气加压站系统研究与优化

热电厂煤气加压站经过系统优化改造后，设备运行可靠，操作方便，满足了生产工艺要求，实现了变频调速，消除了煤气的泄漏现象，达到了节电，节油，节约维修费用的目的，经济效益可观。     

承钢“八五”期间科技进步及效益综述

承钢“八五”期间坚持“科技是第一生产力”的思想，紧紧依靠技术进步，狠抓节能降耗，增产增收，投资７亿余元用于科技进步的项目，实现了高炉喷吹煤粉，连铸，连轧，热电联产等工艺技术并已取得了显著的经济效益，经济技术指标水平明显提高，有力地促进了企业的发展，提高了市场竞争的能力，保证了经济效益的提高，为“九五”的进一步发展奠定了基础。     

大型顶吹平炉冶炼硅钢

大型顶吹平炉投产以来，由于降碳速度快，因而造渣困难，脱硫能力差，长期不能冶炼硅钢。针对上述问题，对造渣工艺进行改革，获得成功，不仅降低了消耗，提高了质量，缩短了熔炼时间，而且也满足了用户对硅钢的要求，同时，取得了较大的经济效益。     

攀钢半钢炼钢技术进步及效果

介绍了攀钢在半钢炼钢工艺的技术进步及其效果，通过采用铁水预处理，使用活性石灰造渣，改进造渣工艺和终点控制制度，实施溅渣护炉等措施，有效地控制了终点钢、渣氧化性，缩短了冶炼周期，提高了生产率，提高了炉龄，提高了钢质量。     

10t"O"型龙门吊的改进与探索

本文介绍10t“0”型龙门吊通过静定车架结构代替传统的超静定结构的改进，其造型美观，受力合理，降低了精度要求，节省了大量的材料，降低了成本，使制造工艺更加方便，大大降低了金属结构的自重，改善了起重机的运行状态，延长了驱动车轮的寿命，故障率低，维修费用少。     

提高认识 加强领导 进一步深化冶金高教管理体制改革

这次会议，传达了全国高教管理体制改革工作座谈会精神，听取了徐部长的重要讲话，交流了冶金高校近几年来管理体制改革的情况和体会，研究了改革过程中存在的有关困难和问题，讨论了进一步推动冶金高教管理体制改革的相应措施。这是一次很重要的会议，通过会议，大家进行了热烈地讨论，进一步提高了认识，明确了方向，这对进一步推进冶金高教管理体制深化改革必将起到重要作用。下面，我就有关问题讲几点意见。     

应用测振技术改善风机性能

马钢第一炼铁厂应用ＤＺ─８０测振仪对喷煤车间的２台风机进行状态监测，根据运行状态趋势图确定检修时间，实行预知维修，延长了检修周期，节约了维修费用。并通过数据分析，找出了设备存在的问题，进行了改进，改善了风机技术性能，提高了风机运行的可靠性。     

杭钢ERP系统的PM模块应用

随着企业的发展，实现企业信息化管理，提升管理水平，进一步挖掘企业的潜在能力，已成为企业的主要工作目标，杭钢2002年11月启动ERP信息工程，2004年2月顺利上线，运行ERP至现在，设备管理系统已经初步建成了全公司设备管理信息平台，基本实现了设备管理的物流、资金流、信息流三流合一，实现了整个集团公司设备系统的信息共享，实现了业务信息传递无纸化，提高了工作效率。     

Collaborative Planning and Scheduling of Interrelated Design Changes

During the detailed design stage of a building project, a vast amount of mostly interrelated design information is generated and communicated among specialists from several disciplines. Changes in some design information are inevitable due to the iterative nature of the design process. In many cases, when the design of a building component is modified by one discipline, this change affects the design of many related building components that are the responsibility of several other design disciplines. Commitment and resources are needed to accommodate such design changes to maintain compatibility among all the design information. Otherwise, incompatibility errors become embedded in the design information leading to numerous problems during the construction of the project. This paper presents a computer-assisted methodology that helps design managers in planning and scheduling changes with interrelated effects on the design information.     

对展示设计的探讨

展示设计在当今信息时代应用越来越广泛，其实用价值越来越高，设计效果备受社会关注。本文论述了展示设计的基本概念和特性，结合笔者多年设计工作经验和体会提出了展示空间设计的基本原则和在展示环境设计中对功能空间的处理方式，供展示空间设计者在设计工作中借鉴。     

Identifying a Design Management Package to Support Concurrent Design in Building Wafer Fabrication Facilities

Concurrent design is commonly used in building a semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities to shorten projects. Current practice in managing a design schedule involves preset milestones that represent percentages of completion. Such a simple control scheme does not provide sufficient information to support concurrent design. This study presents an analytical model that applies a cluster identification algorithm to separate the work of designing a multisystem project into management packages that support concurrent design. Tasks within a package have strong informational dependency relationships on each other, and are not suited for concurrent design. Tasks of different packages have weak dependency relationships on each other, and are suited for concurrent design. Tendering design work based on these packages may reduce the number of design interfaces between participating design firms. Possible application of the model includes the management of design schedule, design contract tendering, and design information flow.     

Sources of Changes in Design–Build Contracts for a Governmental Owner

In recent years, many U.S. federal, state, and local governments have been authorized to use the design–build method of project delivery instead of the traditional design–bid–build method. Recent studies have not been definitive on the cost advantage of design–build for governmental owners. There are fewer change orders in design–build due to design errors because the designer (architect/engineer) and contractor are one entity, but there are other causes of change orders. Some literature suggests that changes requested by the owner of the facility are greater with the design–build method. This research examines the causes for construction-phase changes in 14 design–build and 20 design–bid–build projects. Total changes, expressed as number per contract, cost per contract, or percentage of original contract, were significantly lower in design–build. Fewer design errors in design–build accounted for this advantage. The number of owner-requested changes was significantly greater in design–build. The cost of owner-requested changes, averaged over all the projects, was significantly less for design–bid–build. The differences in changes due to differing site conditions were not significant. The concept that there are more owner-requested changes in design–build projects is supported by this research.     

浅谈结构设计中的质量管理

本文通过对建筑结构设计前期质量管理,设计过程质量管理,设计后期质量管理的阐述,分析了建筑结构设计全面质量管理的过程,简洁透明、便于掌握。有效地执行建筑结构设计全面质量管理是设计单位在同行业竞争中的关键因素。     

Design Structure Matrix Implementation on a Seismic Retrofit

A void exists in development of design theory methodology within the structural engineering community. This void hampers efforts to resolve performance deficiencies including cost over-runs, unplanned rework, and suboptimal design. In manufacturing, product design and production improvements have resulted from implementation of the design structure matrix (DSM) methodology. DSM offers a means to represent, analyze, and decompose complex systems in order to improve their performance. DSM use within the architecture engineering construction (AEC) industry has been sporadic and focused primarily in the U.K. Where applied, DSM has proven effective at helping AEC design teams streamline processes to address nonlinearity (nonsequential information flows) introduced by iteration and complexity in design. When a DSM reveals iteration and highly dependent work, group brainstorming, collocated design sessions, rapid feedback, set-based design, and collaborative design aids can be used to increase overall team effectiveness. This paper examines a case study where DSM-based planning software was used on a seismic retrofit project to drive process improvement in design management. DSM correctly identified iterative activities central to design and provided the following; (1) a common vocabulary to discuss rework in the context of a multidisciplinary design team; (2) a rational method to schedule team collocation and brainstorming efforts to maximize their benefit; and (3) a means to consider iterative activities (and associated hand-offs) in design work structuring.     

Concept for Type-Local Instance–Global Instance Object Modeling and Application to Structural Design of Buildings

Rational data modeling is prerequisite to the computerization of design, and the use of design information in the subsequent work, in areas such as cost estimation and construction. In particular, the structural design of buildings consists of a long series of unit steps and is nonprocedural and data intensive compared with structural analysis problems that are procedural and computation intensive. Hence, there is a need to investigate the characteristics of the problem and to structure design information properly to effectively manage it in the structural design process. This paper discusses modeling concepts for managing design information efficiently and supporting the design process effectively. Type-local instance–global instance object modeling is the conceptual backbone of the model in this study and provides consistent modeling of structural components including not only primitive members such as beams and columns, but also composite elements such as floors, frames, and even whole buildings. This paper also provides core and extended object concepts for classifying structural design information into an overall design and for processing dependent temporary stages in the design. Foundational and application object concepts are introduced for extending the model to various types of structures. An integrated structural design system for buildings is developed based on these modeling concepts, and finally a brief discussion of the application of the object model throughout the entire structural design process in the integrated structural design system is given. It is expected that the modeling concepts proposed in this research can be applied to a range of other engineering applications.     

冶金机械绿色设计应用关键问题研究

绿色设计是冶金机械制造业的发展方向,对绿色设计应用的关键问题进行了分析.针对目前推广应用冶金机械绿色设计出现的问题,介绍了绿色设计的基本原则、方法、关键技术和后评价体系,为相关设计人员提供参考.     

阿尔及利亚供水管线项目设计体会

针对阿尔及利亚供水项目,论述了供水项目设计过程中的管道选线、水力计算、管道设计、主体构筑物设计、附属构筑物设计等相关问题,提供了满足技术要求、适合当地市场的供水项目设计经验。     

Renovation Projects: Design Process Problems and Improvement Mechanisms

This paper presents a case study of a recent office renovation project. The paper investigates the problems that occurred during the design process, analyzes the causes of design iterations and rework, and proposes changes that can improve the design process. The analysis illustrates two design challenges that cause iterations and rework: (1) preexisting, hidden conditions identified late in the design process, and (2) limitations of downstream systems that were not accounted for in upstream decisions. The recommendations propose mechanisms to reduce design rework and duration, and increase the quality of the design solution. The recommendations are (1) to accelerate the discovery of existing conditions, (2) to identify the project constraints that design and construction have to meet, (3) to select the project team early, and (4) to accelerate the iterative design process with a team-based rapid development of schematic design (rapid prototyping).