A signaling architecture for wireless ATM access networks

A multiservice wireless Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) access system is considered from a signaling protocol viewpoint. In an attempt to generalize and extend results and experiences obtained from the specification, design, and implementation of fixed ATM‐based access networks, we extend the concept of the broadband V interface (referred to as VB) for application to wireless ATM access networks. The proposed architecture follows the signaling structure of Broadband ISDN (B‐ISDN) User–Network Interface (UNI), thus offering the possibility for integration of the wireless ATM access system into fixed B‐ISDN. It is shown that the use of the proposed access signaling architecture provides cost effective implementations without degrading the agreed Quality of Service (QoS), and simplifies call/connection and handover control. The evaluation of the proposed access signaling protocol structure yields results that fall within acceptable ATM signaling performance measures. A performance comparison of our approach with an alternative access signaling configuration is also carried out to quantify the relative gains. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

宽带接入网的体系结构

讨论了宽带接入网的进展 ,论述了宽带接入网及其用户 -网络接口 (U NI)、业务节点接口 (SNI)和电信网管理(Q3)接口 ,并总结了宽带接入网的主要功能以及宽带业务节点接口 (VB5 )标准的主要原则。还例举了多媒体接入体系的实例及其最新发展。     

ISDN user-network interface management protocol

The author discusses an ISDN user-network interface management protocol. The protocol enables users to manage network services, operation (such as network reconfiguration and routing change), and maintenance. That the user equipment should be looked at from both user-of-service and manager-of-service perspectives is emphasized in a discussion of the relation of the user equipment to the Telecommunication Management Network (TMN). The current status of the ISDN UNI management protocol architecture studies in CCITT is reviewed, and problems specific to the ISDN environment are identified. The need to strengthen the convergence function to solve ISDN-specific problems is stressed. Examples of ISDN UNI management protocol applications are given     

International standards for the broadband ISDN user-network interface

Recently, a series of international standards on broadband ISDN were approved in CCITT Study Group XVIII. These standards establish fundamental details on transmission, multiplexing and switching for broadband aspects of ISDN. This article reports on the current definition of the BISDN user-network interface. The UNI reference configuration, physical medium, rates, structure, ATM functions, and operations and maintenance functions are addressed with consideration given to open issues and the direction of future standards activities. Objectives for the UNI capabilities have generally been met with the current CCITT specifications. Some of the UNI physical layer ‘options’, however, potentially impose networking cost penalties.     

An early implementation of a DAVIC V1.0 system — use of dynamic connections for interactive multimedia services

Advances in networking technology and the provision of greater wide area bandwidths are the catalysts for the emergence of new broadband services in both the business and residential market. This is in turn producing new, more complex, business models involving service consumers, content providers, service brokers and network connectivity providers. Such business models require the underlying technology to enable sophisticated network signalling to set up, monitor and tear down connections reliably and in real time.This paper describes the evolution of a broadband call control demonstrator believed to be the first of its kind in the world to provide a practical realisation of the signalling required in such business models. It focuses on signalling and switch control and has developed into an end-to-end implementation of a Digital Audio Visual Council (DAVIC) V1.0 system.The evolution of the switch control and signalling architecture is described, showing where existing standards have been implemented to provide basic connectivity across an ATM network. Additional capabilities are built upon this platform through the adoption of emerging signalling concepts, such as session control, and application control using distributed object-oriented principles, for the access and control of a video-on-demand service.To further understand the evolutionary path for emerging consumer systems, the paper illustrates how work was undertaken to separate set-top box (STB) functionality into a set-top unit (STU) and a network interface unit (NIU), allowing easier access to future broadband network capabilities.     

Broadband ISDN ATM layer management: operations, administration,and maintenance considerations

An overview and characteristics of the broadband integrated services digital network (ISDN) that is based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is presented. ATM layer management across the user network interface (UNI) is discussed. The UNI is described, as are the ATM cell structure and its role in management protocols. There are two management protocol models which are explained; however, the focus is on the ATM layer management protocol. An overview of network management functions is provided. Some examples of ATM layer management functions based on the generic functions are provided     

Heading towards an advanced signalling system for multimedia,multiparty services in broadband ISDN

Introduction of the broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) will enable network users to make use of advanced multimedia, multiparty services. With this aim in view, RACE II project R2044, MAGIC, is investigating long-term signalling requirements, architecture and protocols for B-ISDN. New service concepts are being developed in MAGIC which will provide more flexibility when compared to narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN). The service requirements and other signalling requirements, such as the separation between call and associated connections at the network-node interface, are used to determine the distribution of functions over the network. The signalling protocols which are used to exchange the signalling information are subsequently developed. These signalling protocols are simulated to prove the performance and the feasibility of call handling concepts     

对发展3G和移动宽带无线接入技术的思考

固网运营商利用已经有的宽带IP网采用IEEE 802.1 6d等宽带无线接入技术从固定向移动接入演化是明智的选择,移动运营商为发挥已经有资源的效益沿3G路线演化是必然选择,但从发展的角度看移动宽带无线接入采用无连接的分组统计复用,核心网全IP化是大势所趋.文章在介绍IEEE 802.1 6d/e、CDMA2000 1 x EV-DV的基础上,探讨了移动宽带无线接入技术的发展趋势,指出目前3G无线链路向分组化演化的基本技术和IEEE 802.1 6d/e是相同的,最终将殊途同归.文章强调指出中国的TD-SCDMA应尽快向无连接的分组统计复用方向演化.     

The BUNI broadband user-network interface demonstrator network

Describes the BUNI (broadband user-network interface) Demonstrator Project (R1081) of the RACE programme which is concerned with the experimental implementation of the emerging standards for the broadband user network interface. The BUNI demonstrator network, comprising two broadband customer premises network and two broadband switches, is explained in some detail to give the reader an insight into the complexity of the complete demonstrator. The signalling concepts are described to illustrate the innovative nature of the project and to give an indication of the facilities which broadband ISDN will offer. An overview of the services which will be available at the BUNI demonstrator site is given     

Access network architectural issues for future telecommunicationnetworks

This article discusses the evolution of access networks to support future multimedia services, with emphasis on the role of Working Party 3 of ITU-T Study Group 13. An overview of the access network is given, and the interfaces between the access network and other portions of the telecommunications network such as the user-network interface (UNI), service node interface (SNI), and telecommunication management (Q3) interface are described. The major functions of the access network are summarized, and various examples of multimedia access architectures are discussed. Fundamental principles for the broadband service node interface (VB5) standard are reviewed     

OAM mechanisms for BISDN UNI and access networks

This paper clarifies operation and maintenance (OAM) requirements for broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) customer access systems including user-network interface (UNI), and proposes basic OAM mechanisms. Access networks employ a logical networking architecture based on the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) virtual path (VP) concept to provide all services efficiently, economically. Services are independent of the network's physical configuration. Thus, OAM functions for the access network are required to support physical and ATM layer capabilities. UNI physical performance and failure information flows to ensure user service quality are described. A fault localization mechanism is introduced that determines whether the failure lies on the network provider side or customer side. It uses failure information flows and loop back testing at the network terminator 1 (NT1). As connection-related virtual path connection (VPC) availability indication is necessary for user-to-network applications and user-to-user applications, two alternative VPC-related availability indication mechanisms are studied. Furthermore, basic performance monitoring mechanisms for ATM layer are described.     

ATM-layer OAM: principles and open issues [B-ISDN]

The principles of operation and maintenance (OAM) for broadband ISDN access, as well as some general OAM rules for an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network, are discussed. Standardization of the OAM functions and mechanisms for the ATM layer, which is based primarily on CCITT Recommendations, is considered. Issues regarding OAM flow at the ATM layer are examined. It is seen that although references can be made both to basic and primary rate ISDN, new solutions are necessary for the OAM of B-ISDN. Issues requiring further study are identified     

A guide to data communications: B-ISDN and how it works

The capabilities of the emerging broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) are examined. Fundamental differences between broadband and narrowband ISDN are identified. The basics of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), the switching technique used by BISDN networks, are discussed. Channel identification, generic flow control, using ATM, and connectionless service are considered. The first services expected to make use of ATM are briefly described     

ATMUNI信令的功能划分

ＡＴＭ用户－网络接口（ＵＮＩ）信令采用ＯＳＩ的分层结构,本文首先简要介绍了ＡＴＭＵＮＩ信令协议的体系结构以及各层的功能。然后详细描述了ＵＮＩ信令功能模块的划分,以及各模块的功能。     

ATM-based transport architecture for multiservices wirelesspersonal communication networks

This paper presents an ATM-based transport architecture for next-generation multiservices personal communication networks (PCN). Such “multimedia capable” integrated services wireless networks are motivated by an anticipated demand for wireless extensions to future broadband networks. An ATM compatible wireless network concept capable of supporting a mix of broadband ISDN services including constant bit-rate (CBR), variable bit-rate (VBR), and packet data transport is explored from an architectural viewpoint. The proposed system uses a hierarchical ATM switching network for interconnection of PCN microcells, each of which is serviced by high-speed, shared-access radio links based on ATM-compatible cell, relay principles. Design issues related to the physical (modulation), media access control (MAC), and data-link layers of the ATM-based radio link are discussed, and preliminary technical approaches are identified in each case. An example multiservice dynamic reservation (MDR) TDMA media access protocol is then considered in further detail, and simulation results are presented for an example voice/data scenario with a proportion of time-critical (i.e., multimedia) packet data. Time-of-expiry (TOE) based queue service disciplines are also investigated as a mechanism for improving the quality-of-service (QoS) in this scenario     

An expandable time-division circuit switching LSI and networkarchitecture for broadband ISDN

A broadband network architecture is proposed that integrates multimedia services, such as data, video, and telephony information, using 52-Mb/s based STM-paths at the user network interface (UNI). The user can access any new service via the STM-based access network via either synchronous transfer mode (STM) switching or asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching. STM circuit switching supports long duration, constant bandwidth data transfer services such as video and high-definition television (HDTV) distribution and will also be used for the crossconnect system. Circuit switching can provide transparent transmission during long connection periods. This paper also proposes an expandable time-division switch architecture, an expandable time-division switching LSI, and an expandable switching module for small to large size system applications. The proposed time-division switching LSI, module, and system handle 52-Mb/s bearer signals and have throughputs of 2.4 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s, and 40 Gb/s, respectively. The time-division switch realizes video distribution with 1:n connections. Finally, a local switching node that features an expandable 52-Mb/s time-division circuit switching network is shown for multimedia access networking     

Very high speed and high capacity packet switching for broadbandISDN

The authors discuss and propose a very-high-speed and high-capacity packet-switching (HPS) architecture for a future broadband ISDN (integrated-services digital network). The HPS network accommodates various communication services, such as voice, high-speed data, high-speed still picture, and video services. The proposed architecture has three significant principles: a high-speed oriented simple network protocol, separation of signaling and network control from data transfer, and hardware switching. These principles provide fast- and high-throughput transmission for data packets and reliable transmission and processing for call-control packets. The HPS protocol structure is addressed, which provides high flexibility for various communications services as well as high-speed capability. A 3-Gb/s capacity and building-block-structured packet-switching system architecture, using bus- and loop-type switch fabric, is also presented     

Leaf Initiated Join handover evaluation

In order to achieve full integration between wired and wireless ATM, a transparent mobile wireless interface to the wired ATM network is required. This paper describes a signalling framework for the handover: the handover is obtained only using standardised UNI 4.0 signalling, without the introduction of mobile specific signalling entities in the fixed network. It is a soft‐forward handover scheme, enabling the handover to comply with the QoS guarantees of the connection. This is achieved using the Leaf Initiated Join (LIJ) capability standardised by UNI 4.0. The handover signalling is proposed taking the propagation characteristics at 60 GHz into account. The evaluation of the performance is performed analytically taking both Poisson and self‐similar traffic into account. The research underlying this paper is performed in collaboration with the ACTS MEDIAN project AC006. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Broadband communication and its realization with broadband ISDN

In addition to narrowband services, future broadband networks will also include broadband services for applications like: high-speed communication of data, text and graphics person-to-person video communication, access to video information as well as broadcast of programs and data. Low terminal costs and service charges are essential with respect to a growing demand for new services, especially in the home. Broadband ISDN, to be developed on the basis of ISDN and using glass-fiber subscriber lines, will enable a wide range of applications satisfying the needs and requirements of the business and private sectors. The best technical solution from the aspect of user-friendliness and economy is to implement this broadband ISDN for all services with an evolutionary and flexible design. The broadband ISDN concept is not restricted to the public network and terminal equipment but also comprises private networks, information and program centers, etc. Many countries are pursuing the goal of this universal network for the future "information society". However, the approaches for setting up the broadband ISDN differ from country to country, depending on the particular technical and political situation. Standardization plays an important role with regard to "open broadband telecommunication", the worldwide trouble-free communication and information exchange of one party with any other.     

Migration to broadband ISDN

The current state of telecommunications in Japan is briefly discussed, with particular reference to broadband services. Experience with the migration from the analog telephone network to the present narrowband integrated services digital networks (ISDN) is described. Three strategies for the transition from narrowband ISDN to broadband ISDN are examined. The market-driven strategy is to replace existing metallic subscriber loops with optical media, wherever possible, even if only narrowband services are required, with the expectation that these subscribers will eventually use broadband services. The service-oriented strategy entails putting into place a flexible and multipurpose platform that would also allow HDTV distribution and bidirectional communications. Early installation of such a platform would allow for the early announcement of broadband services, which would in turn stimulate demand. The benefits and drawbacks of each of these strategies are discussed. The advance-investment strategy is to press ahead with the introduction of optical subscriber loops to accelerate technological innovation, even if the cost is somewhat high. Other issues that are important to the migration of broadband ISDN are noted